• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.397-404
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• 2020

Coronavirus disease(COVID-19) is highly infectious disease that directly affects the lungs. To observe the clinical findings from these lungs, the Chest Radiography(CXR) can be used in a fast manner. However, the diagnostic performance via CXR needs to be improved, since the identifying these findings are highly time-consuming and prone to human error. Therefore, Artificial Intelligence(AI) based tool may be useful to aid the diagnosis of COVID-19 via CXR. In this study, we explored various Deep learning(DL) approach to classify COVID-19, other viral pneumonia and normal. For the original dataset and lung-segmented dataset, the pre-trained AlexNet, SqueezeNet, ResNet18, DenseNet201 were transfer-trained and validated for 3 class - COVID-19, viral pneumonia, normal. In the results, AlexNet showed the highest mean accuracy of 99.15±2.69% and fastest training time of 1.61±0.56 min among 4 pre-trained neural networks. In this study, we demonstrated the performance of 4 pre-trained neural networks in COVID-19 diagnosis with CXR images. Further, we plotted the class activation map(CAM) of each network and demonstrated that the lung-segmentation pre-processing improve the performance of COVID-19 classifier with CXR images by excluding background features.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.237-247
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• 2024

Purpose : This study aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of nursing interventions for patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). As the use of ECMO increases in critical care settings, it is important to understand how nursing interventions affect patient outcomes, survival, and complication rates. Methods : This systematic review followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. A literature search was performed using terms related to ECMO and nursing interventions in several international electronic databases including CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. Studies were screened and selected according to predefined eligibility criteria, focusing on those that evaluated the impact of nursing interventions on adult. Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were independently performed by two researchers. Results : A total of 647 studies were identified, and seven met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis. The included studies demonstrated that high-quality nursing care significantly improves clinical outcomes and reduces complications in patients receiving ECMO. Effective nursing interventions included prone positioning combined with ECMO for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, meticulous infection control, comprehensive and continuous nursing protocols, skilled nursing, and multidisciplinary management. These interventions have been shown to improve oxygenation, reduce complications, such as bleeding, manage blood pressure, and enhance overall clinical outcomes. Conclusion : High-quality nursing interventions are critical to improve survival and reduce complications in patients receiving ECMO. Implementing a multidisciplinary approach and comprehensive nursing protocols, including infection control and psychological support, is essential for the effective management of these patients. The findings of this study provide a foundation for the development of practical guidelines and educational programs to improve the quality of care for patients undergoing ECMO, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of ECMO treatment and patient outcomes.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.100-106
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• 1991

Environmental professional education in Korea has been mostly concentrated on the scientific and technological approaches to environmental problems. Many undergraduate majors in environmental engineering or sciences are designed to produce more technical manpowers in environmental fields. Most graduate schools on the environment also place an emphasis on teaching the technical aspects of environmental problems. Some environmental administration related courses, such as environmental law, environmental administration, environmental policy, environmental economics, environmental impact assessments, etc. are partically reflected in some curricula of very limited graduate or undergraduate environment majors. However, teaching environmental administration related courses in science or engineering major institutions has not been successfully carried out so far because lack of interests in such courses by most students and the shortage of competent teachers as well. Furthermore, those courses are not widely accepted by the departments of law, political science, public administration, etc. because their major interests are not in the environment-oriented. Environmental problems cannot be solved by the technical approach along. They should be systematically dealt with through interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary approaches, including natural and social sciences covering all relevant disciplines. in this respect, undergraduate environmental education should preferably cover broader courses on the environment, and the education for environmental professionals, including environmental administration specialists, is preferably handled by graduate schools offering many specialty area courses. Education for environmental administration specialist at graduate level is urgently needed in order to supply the competent manpower at government, business, and private organization levels dealing with environmental administration related problem. This is a new challenging area and the education for such specialists will become more important in the near future than technical manpowers which we ate now concentrating on their education.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.638-641
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• 2008

Design is an iterative, generative, and multidisciplinary process by its nature. Iteration is frequent in most of the engineering design and development projects including construction. Design iterations cause rework, and extra efforts are required to get the optimal sequence and to manage the projects. Contrary to simple design, isolation of the generative iterations in complex design systems is very difficult, but reduction in overall iterations is possible. Design depends upon the information flow within domain and also among various design disciplines and organizations. Therefore, it is suggested that managers should be aware about the crucial iterations causing rework and optimal sequence as well. In this way, managers can handle design parameters related to such iterations proactively. Numbers of techniques are available to reduce iterations for various kinds of engineering designs. In this paper, parameter based Design Structure Matrix (DSM) is chosen. To create this DSM, a survey was performed and then partitioned using a model. This paper provides an easy approach to those companies involved in or intend to be involved in "design and build projects."

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.55 no.9
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• pp.640-656
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• 2017

Xerostomia is usually caused by a reduced salivary flow or by changes in the biochemical composition of saliva. Halitosis or oral malodor is an offensive odor usually originating from the oral cavity. Halitosis can lead to anxiety and psychosocial embarrassment. The occurrence of halitosis closely related with intraoral conditions including the presence of xerostomia. Especially, the relationship between xerostomia and halitosis is prominent in elderly patients receiving polypharmacy with at least two systemic diseases. This study is a review of the update literature of xerostomia and halitosis. A large number of papers have been searched and identified using the words , , , , , , and . Papers not relevant to the issue were removed reducing the entries to 79 only. Most of identified papers were systematic reviews, non-systematic reviews, and observational studies. With a proper diagnosis, identification of the etiology and timely referrals certain steps are taken to create a successful individualized therapeutic approach. It is significant to highlight the necessity of an interdisciplinary method for the treatment of xerostomia and halitosis to prevent misdiagnosis or unnecessary treatment. This article concisely focuses on the development of a systemic flow of events to come to the proper treatment of the xerostomia and halitosis.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2019

The changes in the dispersion of carbon black in liquid polyisoprene under shear flow with time have been investigated by time-resolved ultra small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) method. The analyses of USAXS profile immediately after the start of shear flow clarified that the aggregates of carbon black with a mean radius of gyration of 14 nm and surface fractal dimension of 2.5 form the fractal network structure with mass-fractal dimension of 2.9. After the application of the shear flow, the scattering intensity increases with time at the observed whole entire q region, and then the a shoulder appears at $q=0.005nm^{-1}$, indicating that the agglomerate is broken and becomes smaller by shear flow. The analysis by the Unified Guinier/Power-law approach yielded several characteristic parameters, such as the sizes of aggregate and agglomerate, mass-fractal dimension of agglomerate, and surface fractal dimension of the primary particle. While the mean radius of gyration of the agglomerate decreases with time, the mean radius of gyration of the aggregate, mass fractal dimension, and surface fractal dimension don't change with time, indicating that the aggregates peel off the surface of the agglomerate.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.233-240
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• 2019

Chronic orofacial pain is an umbrella term as a kind of painful regional syndromes to describe unremitting and prolonged pains in orofacial area. It is frequently characterized with the intractable pain without the proportionally corresponding tissue pathology over 3 months. Accordingly, it is difficult or almost impossible to establish the causally oriented treatment strategies in those cases, while multidisciplinary approaches were usually considered for preventing prolonged pain conditions from limiting daily life. Among a variety of approaches, pharmacological approach was clinically based on proper applications of several groups of drugs useful to relieve or alleviate pain. These drugs usually encompass several analgesics, muscle relaxants, anti-depressants, anticonvulsants and so on. Therefore, it is essential for dental clinician to be aware of the many peculiarities of these medications applied for management of chronic orofacial pain disorders. This review focused on the clinical considerations for the careful drug selection and application including dosages and adverse drug reactions.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.782-784
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• 2022

Diabetic foot ulcers are a severe complication of diabetes, and their management requires a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management. When treating these ulcers, limb salvage remains the ultimate goal. In this article, we present the "hanging" free flap for the reconstruction of chronic lower extremity diabetic ulcers. This two-staged approach involves standard free flap harvest and inset; however, following inset the "hanging" pedicle is covered within a skin graft instead of making extraneous incisions within the undisturbed soft tissues or tunnels that can compress the vessels. After incorporation, a second-stage surgery is performed in 4 to 6 weeks which entails pedicle division, flap inset revision, and end-to-end reconstruction of the recipient vessel. Besides decreasing the number of incisions on diabetic patients, our novel technique utilizing the "hanging" pedicle simplifies flap monitoring and inset and allows reconstruction of recipient vessels to reestablish distal blood flow.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.145-158
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• 2023

Vascular anomalies encompass a variety of malformations and tumors that can result in severe morbidity and mortality in both adults and children. Advances have been made in the classification and diagnosis of these anomalies, with the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies establishing a widely recognized classification system. In recent years, notable progress has been made in genetic testing and imaging techniques, enhancing our ability to diagnose these conditions. The increasing sophistication of genetic testing has facilitated the identification of specific genetic mutations that help treatment decisions. Furthermore, imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography have greatly improved our capacity to visualize and detect vascular abnormalities, enabling more accurate diagnoses. When considering reconstructive surgery for facial vascular anomalies, it is important to consider both functional and cosmetic results of the procedure. Therefore, a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach involving specialists from dermatology, radiology, and genetics is often required to ensure effective management of these conditions. Overall, the treatment approach for facial vascular anomalies depends on the type, size, location, and severity of the anomaly. A thorough evaluation by a team of specialists can determine the most appropriate and effective treatment plan.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2023

Perioperative treatment with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has proven clinical benefits in terms of achieving a higher overall survival (OS) rate. With its success in the palliative treatment of NSCLC, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has now become an essential component of treatment, even as neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy in patients with operable NSCLC. Both pre- and post-surgery ICB applications have proven clinical efficacy in preventing disease recurrence. In addition, neoadjuvant ICB combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy has shown a significantly higher rate of pathologic regression of viable tumors compared with cytotoxic chemotherapy alone. To confirm this, an early signal of OS benefit has been shown in a selected population, with programmed death ligand 1 expression ≥50%. Furthermore, applying ICB both pre- and post-surgery enhances its clinical benefits, as is currently under evaluation in ongoing phase III trials. Simultaneously, as the number of available perioperative treatment options increases, the variables to be considered for making treatment decisions become more complex. Thus, the role of a multidisciplinary team-based treatment approach has not been fully emphasized. This review presents up-to-date pivotal data that lead to practical changes in managing resectable NSCLC. From the medical oncologist's perspective, it is time to dance with surgeons to decide on the sequence of systemic treatment, particularly the ICB-based approach, accompanying surgery for operable NSCLC.