• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2005

Nowadays, the demand for the wireless technology has gradually increased to support the services of high speed wired internet and also the interest of a mobile terminal convergence has increased. In the next generation, the mobile terminal could merge with the celluar phone, wireless LAN, portable internet, digital multimedia brodcasting, mobile game and sensor(smart-tag and biometrics) through the unified single user interface. Moreover, the system is supported to multi-mode at difference networks, which have variable functions and high performance for available service. Inthis paper, we investigate the minimum requirements and the core technologies of the next generation mobile terminals.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2015

Cellular aspects of sooty mold on walnut leaves were investigated by using light and electron microscopy. A black coating developed on the adaxial leaf surface of a walnut tree. No infestations were found on the abaxial leaf surface with peltate glandular trichomes. Light microscopy showed that fungal complexes from the leaf surface were composed of brown conidia and hyphae. Conidia, with longitudinal and transverse septa, were variable in length ranging from 10 to $30{\mu}m$, and commonly found in clusters, forming microsclerotia. Neither epidermal penetration nor hyphal entrance to host tissues was observed. Based on their morphological characteristics, the fungal complexes were assumed to be Capnodium species. An electron-dense melanized layer was present on the cell wall of multi-celled conidia. Concentric bodies in the fungal cytoplasm had an electron-translucent core surrounded by an electron-dense margin with a fibrillar sheath. Chloroplasts without starch granules in the palisade mesophyll cells of sooty leaves had electron-dense stromata and swollen plastoglobuli. These results suggest that the epiphytic growth of fungal complexes can be attributed to the melanized layer and concentric bodies against a water-deficient environment on the leaf surface. Ultrastructural characteristics of the sooty leaves indicate typical features of dark-adapted and non-photosynthetic shade leaves.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.218-228
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• 1997

Correlations between the amount of DAW (Dry Active Waste) generated from present Korean PWRs and their operating parameters were analyzed. As the result of multi-variable linear regressions, a model predicting the volume of DAW using the number of shutdowns ( $f_{FS}$ ) and total personnel exposure ( $P_{\varepsilon}$) was derived. Considering one standard error bound, the model could successfully simulate about 8575 of the real data. In order to predict the amount of DAW to be generated from a KNGR another model was derived by taking into account the additional volume reduction by supercompaction system. In addition, the volume of WAW (Wet Active Waste) to be generated from KNGR (Korean Next Generation Reactor) was calculated by considering conceptual design data and replacement effect of radwaste evaporator with selective ion exchangers. Finally, total volume of SRW (Solid Radioactive Waste) to be generated from KNGR was predicted by inserting design goal values of $f_{FS}$ and $P_{\varepsilon}$ into the model. The result showed that the expected amount of SRW to be generated from KNGR would be in the range of 33~44㎥. $y^{-1}$ . It was proved that the value would meet the operational target of KNGR proposed by KEPCO, that is, 50㎥. $y^{-1}$ .

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.13 no.21
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• pp.91-100
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• 1990

This paper is concerned with the development of optimal algorithms for multi-stage flowshop scheduling problems with sequence dependent setup times. In the previous researches the setup time of a job is considered to be able to begin at the earliest opportunity given a particular sequence at the start of operations. In this paper the setup time of a job is considered to be able to begin only at the completion of that job on the previous machine to reflect the effects of the setup time to the performance measure of sequence dependent setup time flowshop scheduling. The results of the study consist of two areas; first, a general integer programming(IP) model is formulated and a nixed integer linear programming(MILP) model is also formulated by introducing a new binary variable. Second a depth-first branch and bound algorithm is developed. To reduce the computational burdens we use the best heuristic schedule developed by Choi(1989) as the first trial. The experiments for developed algorithm are designed for a 4$\times$3$\times$3 factorial design with 360 observations. The experimental factors are PS(ratio of processing time to setup time), M(number of machines), N(number of jobs).

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.365-374
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• 2001

The brain is one of the most complex systems in nature. Brain waves, or the "EEG", are electrical signals that can be recorded from the brain, either directly or through the scalp. The kind of brain wave recorded depends on the behavior of the animal, and is the visible evidence of the kind of neuronal (brain cell) processing necessary for that behavior. But, EEG had been considered as a virtually infinite-dimensional random signal. However, nonlinear dynamics light on dynamical aspects of the human EEG. The methods of nonlinear dynamics provide excellent tolls for the study of multi-variable, complex system such as EEG. In this study, 20 persons seperated in 2 groups were examined with EEG, one group stimulated on specific area of the sole of the foot with footbed inside the shoes. This experiment resulted in at the group stimulated on specific area of the sole of the foot correlation dimension of P4 and O1 channels increased significantly. Therefore. we obserbed that stimulation on specific area of the body had a constant effections on the specific channels.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.3-9
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• 2013

With the rapidly changing information communication environment and development of technologies, the informati on networks are evolved from traditional fixed form to an active variable network that flexible large variety of data can be transferred. To reflect the needs of users, the next generation using DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division M ultiplexing) transmission system and OXC (Optical Cross Connect) form a dynamic network. After that GMPLS (Ge neralized Multi-Protocol Label Switching) can be introduced to dynamically manage and control the Reconfigurable Optical Add-drop Multiplexer (ROADM)/Photonic Cross Connect (PXC) based network. This paper propose a softw are architecture of Path Computation Element (PCE) protocol that has proposed by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to path computation. The functional blocks and Application Programming Interface (API) of the PCE protoco l implementation are also presented.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.08a
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• pp.417-421
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• 2005

In the recent digital communication systems, the performance of Turbo Code using the error correction coding depends on the interleaver influencing the free distance determination and the recursive decoding algorithms that is executed in the turbo decoder. However, performance depends on the interleaver depth that needs many delays over the reception process. Moreover, turbo code has been known as the robust coding methods with the confidence over the fading channel. International Telecommunication Union(ITU) has recently adopted it as the standardization of the channel coding over the third generation mobile communications(IMT-2000). Therefore, in this paper, we proposed the interleaver that has the better performance than existing block interleaver, and modified turbo decoder that has the parallel concatenated structure using MAP algorithm. In the real-time voice and video service over third generation mobile communications, the performance of the proposed two methods was analyzed and compared with the existing methods by computer simulation in terms of reduced decoding delay using the variable decoding method over AWGN and fading channels for CDMA environments.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1262-1269
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• 2008

Though multilayered foam-panel structures have been widely used to reduce sound transmission in various fields, most of the previous works to design them were conducted by repeated analyses or experiments based on initially given configurations or sequences. Therefore, it was difficult to obtain an optimal sequence of multilayered foam-panel structure yielding superior sound isolation capability. In this work, we propose a new design method to sequence a multi-panel structure lined with a poroelastic material having maximized sound transmission loss. Being formulated as a one-dimensional topology optimization problem fur a given target frequency, the optimal sequencing of panel-poroelastic layers is systematically carried out in an iterative manner. In this method, a panel layer is expressed as a limiting case of a poroelastic layer to facilitate the optimization process. This means that main material properties of a poroelastic material are treated as interpolated functions of design variable. The designed sequences of panel-poroelastic multilayer were shown to be significantly affected by the target frequencies; more panels were obtained at higher target frequency. The sound transmission loss of the system was calculated by the transfer matrix derived from Biot's theory.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.314-320
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• 2008

The cooling load in winter is significant in buildings and hotels because of the usage of office equipments and the improved wall insulation. Hence, a multi~heat pump is required to cover heating and cooling simultaneously for each indoor unit. In this study, the operating characteristics and performance of a simultaneous heating and cooling heat pump in the cooling-main operating mode were investigated experimentally. The system adopted a variable speed compressor using R410A with four indoor units and one outdoor unit. In the cooling-main mode, the heating capacity decreased due to reduction of flow rate to the indoor unit under heating mode operation. The EEV opening was adjusted to increase flow rate to the indoor unit under heating mode operation. The total capacity and COP in the cooling-main mode increased by 20.5% and 29.2%, respectively, compared with those in the cooling-only mode.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.99-108
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• 2022

Today, as technology advances and market competition for products intensifies, the product design to improve customer satisfaction by accurately identifying customer needs is emerging as a very important issue for company. Accordingly, the customer-oriented or customer-centered design that maximizes customer satisfaction by grasping and analyzing customer requirements is in the spotlight as an important design theory. In this study, the customer-oriented design is defined as finding the optimal value of design variable with the maximum overall customer satisfaction while minimizing the difference in individual customer satisfaction responded to various customers from multiple product quality characteristics from the perspective of robust design. Therefore, this study presents a new method for modeling the customer preference structure as the different sets of desirability functions for multiple quality characteristics and proposes a new customer-oriented design approach by applying the desirability functions to Taguchi's robust design process to deal with multi-characteristic design problem. Finally, the proposed method is illustrated with the Kansei engineering design problem of wine glass.