• Title/Summary/Keyword: multi-texturing

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Multi-axis Milling for Micro-texturing

  • Kobayashi, Yoshikazu;Shirai, Kenji
    • International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.34-38
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    • 2008
  • The surface texture of a product is generally produced by etching or sandblasting. However, these techniques have problems related to repeatability and environmental pollution. Since current milling machines can produce small parts at the micrometer or nanometer level, the resolution of milling exceeds the manufactured dimensions of the surface texture produced by etching or sand-blasting. A method for generating surface texture by milling is proposed and demonstrated. The proposed method was demonstrated by actual milling using a three- or five-axis control machine, and the machined surface texture was measured with an interferometer to allow comparison with the designed shape. The measurement results demonstrate that the proposed method can generate a wide-area surface texture with good machining repeatability.

Development of 4D System based on New Methodology for Visualizing Construction Schedule Data for Civil Engineering Projects (토목시설물 공사관리 시각화를 취한 4D시스템 적용방안)

  • Kang, Leen Seok;Jee, Sang Bok
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.26 no.1D
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    • pp.95-103
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    • 2006
  • One of the main functions of the 4D system includes visualizing numerical schedule data in construction. The existing 4D tools have an excellent function for simulating building projects that all activities are progressed according to vertical work zone. However, it is not easy to implement all of it in the civil engineering project because the construction activities of highway and railway projects are progressed on the horizontal work zone and the 4D simulation for those projects should include earthwork objects that depend on the natural ground condition. This study suggests a new methodology for improving those limitations of 4D system for the civil engineering project and develops a new system by the suggested methodology. To verify the developed system, this study attempts to simulate 4D object for horizontal elements such as earthwork, paving work and tunneling work. The morphing and multi-texturing techniques developed in the study can be new approaches to simulate 4D object for the earthwork such as cutting and banking whose activities are progressed on the natural ground condition. The research results can be expected as a draft function for improving the application of 4D system in civil engineering projects.

A Study on Application of Multi-Texture and Multi-Thread for Multi-Dimensions Urban Facility Management System (다차원 도시시설물 관리를 위한 멀티 텍스처 기법과 다중 스레드 기법의 적용에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Keun-Ho;Kang, Byoung-Jun;Cho, Hong-Beom;Kim, Won-Cheol
    • Spatial Information Research
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.57-67
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    • 2010
  • Recently, 2D GIS technology is applied for urban facility management. However, urban facilities are located in 3D space and the information loss is occurring during data abstraction from 3D urban facility to 2D object. Also, the number of urban facilities is increasing steadily and most of urban facilities are located in underground space in the city. Therefore 2D urban facility management system has a limitation on visualization and management for a large number of urban facilities. In this paper, a multi-dimensions urban facility management system based on multi-texture technology is proposed. The proposed system reduces the information loss and improves the readability of information by visualizing urban facilities on 3D virtual space. A multi-texturing technology is applied for integrating of 2D vector data and 3D raster data, and a multi-thread technology is used for improving speed and performance of the system. The proposed technology can be used as a guideline for urban facility monitoring as providing visual information of a facility status with 3D image and facility data.

Interactive Design System for Automatic Generation of Procedural Patterns (절차적 패턴의 자동 생성을 위한 인터랙티브 디자인 시스템)

  • 강재구;황용호;홍현기
    • Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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    • v.31 no.10
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    • pp.603-609
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    • 2004
  • Procedural texture has many advantages that its representation is extremely compact and unfixed in resolution. However, it can be difficult for an end-user having no programming skill to build and debug. This paper presents a new interactive design system for procedural texture generation. The user's interactive design process based on multi-layer operations is represented with a graph structure, which consists of the data node, the operation and the output. Since our system generates automatically a shading language, a user who is not acquainted with implicit concepts can make procedural texturing by using an intuitive and flexible interface. Simulation results showed that the proposed method can make a variety of texture patterns efficiently.

레이저 텍스처링을 통한 다결정 실리콘 태양전지 제작

  • Choe, Pyeong-Ho;Kim, Sang-Seop;Choe, Byeong-Deok
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2012.02a
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    • pp.307-307
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    • 2012
  • 현재 태양전지 시장은 결정질 태양전지가 주류를 차지하고 있으며 이중 상대적으로 재료비가 저렴한 다결정 실리콘 기반의 고효율 태양전지 제작에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이에 본 실험에서는 표면 텍스처링 방법에 따른 태양전지 소자의 특성 변화에 대한 실험을 진행하였다. 일반적으로 다결정 태양전지의 경우 산성용액을 이용한 표면 텍스처링을 실시하는데 이 경우 표면에 형성된 텍스처 구조는 산성용액의 등방성 식각으로 인해 반구(Hemisphere) 형태의 구조를 띄게 된다. 이는 표면에서의 광흡수율을 떨어뜨려 태양전지 소자의 효율을 저해하는 원인이 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 다결정 실리콘 태양전지의 효율 향상을 위해 레이저를 이용한 차세대 텍스처링 방법에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 우선 355 nm 파장의 Ultra-Violet (UV) 레이저를 소자 표면에 조사함으로써 $10{\mu}m$의 dot diameter와 depth를 갖는 honey comb 배열의 hole을 형성하였다. 이후 산성용액에 담가 레이저 공정 후의 slag를 제거해 최종적으로 피라미드 형태의 구조를 형성하였다. Suns_Voc 효율 측정 결과 산성용액을 이용한 텍스처링의 경우 개방 전압이 611 mV, 곡선인자가 81%, 효율이 17.32%로 각각 측정되었다. 반면, 레이저 텍스처링의 경우에서는 개방전압이 631 mV, 곡선인자가 83%, 효율이 18.33%로 용액 텍스처링 방법보다 우수한 특성을 보였다. 이는 UV 레이저 텍스처링을 통해 형성된 피라미드 형태의 표면 구조에서의 광흡수율이 산성용액을 이용한 방법보다 우수함을 말하며, 따라서 태양전지의 주요 파라미터가 향상된 결과를 보였다. 본 실험에서는 레이저 텍스처링을 통한 태양전지 제작에 대한 방법을 제시하며, 향후 고효율의 다결정 태양전지 제작에 있어 기여 할 것으로 판단된다.

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Quality Analysis of Three-Dimensional Geo-spatial Information Using Digital Photogrammetry (수치사진측량 기법을 이용한 3차원 공간정보의 품질 분석)

  • Lee, Hyun-Jik;Ru, Ji-Ho;Kim, Sang-Youn
    • Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.141-149
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    • 2010
  • Three-dimensional geo-spatial information is important for the efficient use and management of the country and the three-dimensional expression and analysis of urban projects, such as urban plans devised by local governments and urban management. Thanks to the revitalization of the geo-spatial information service industry, it is now being variously used not only in public but also private areas. For the creation of high-guiltily three-dimensional geo-spatial information, emphasis should be placed on not only the quality of the source image and three-dimensional geo-spatial model but also the level of visualization, such as level of detail and texturing. However, in the case of existing three-dimensional geo-spatial information, its establishment process is complicated and its data are not updated frequently enough, as it uses ready-created digital maps. In addition, as it uses Ortho Images, the images exist Relief displacement. As a result, the visibility is low and the three-dimensional models of artificial features are simplified to reach LoD between 2 and 3, making the images look less realistic. Therefore, this paper, analyzed the quality of three-dimensional geo-spatial information created using the three-dimensional modeling technique were applied using Digital photogrammetry technique, using digital aerial photo images by an existing large-format digital camera and multi-looking camera. The analysis of the accuracy of visualization information of three-dimensional models showed that the source image alone, without other visualization information, secured the accuracy of 84% or more and that the establishment of three-dimensional spatial information carried out simultaneously with filming made it easier to gain the latest data. The analysis of the location accuracy of true Ortho images used in the work process showed that the location accuracy was better than the allowable horizontal position accuracy of 1:1,000 digital maps.

Effect of Hollow Composite Yarn Characteristics to the Comfort Property of Fabrics for High Emotional Garment (중공 복합사 특성이 고감성 의류용 직물의 쾌적성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hyun-Ah
    • Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.71-78
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    • 2014
  • Composite draw textured yarns(DTY) and air jet textured yarns(ATY) with hollow PET filament have been used for making high emotional fabrics including light weight sports wear garments. This study investigated effect of hollow composite yarns and fabric structural parameters to the comfort properties related to the moisture and thermal transport phenomena for the composite fabrics made of DTY and ATY with hollow PET filament. Wicking property of hollow composite fabric was superior at the high pore size fabric and was not influenced by fabric cover factor. Wicking property of the fabric with ATY was better than that of the fabric with DTY. On the other hand, drying rate of fine pore sized fabric was shorter than that of large pore sized fabric and drying rate of high multi yarn fabric with low cover factor and small pore size was superior than that of hollow composite fabric. The pore size of the fabric was dominant factor in the air permeability and thermal conductivity of hollow composite fabric. High pore sized fabric showed high air permeability and thermal conductivity of hollow composite fabric was nonlinearly inversely proportional to pore size of the fabric.

Symbolic Values of Fur in Fashion Since 1990s - An Analysis under the Theories of Fetishism -

  • Hahn, Soo-Yeon;Yang, Sook-Hi
    • Journal of Fashion Business
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    • v.5 no.5
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    • pp.49-64
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    • 2001
  • Fur is conceived as a material signifier, not only with its commodity value as luxury goods but also as its symbolic value as objects invested by one's libidinal desire. In this study, complex meanings of fur as multi-layered signs of political and sexual power focusing on fetishism shall be explored, especially on the spectacle fetishism acted by mass media during the anti-fur movement in the 1980s. In conjuction herewith, a highlight shall also be made to the symbolic value in fashion design since 1990s. In this study, first, as a theoretical investigation, fetishism, that has been traditionally considered only as sexual fetishism in fashion discourse will be explored in socio-economic level. Second, in historical context, how the meanings and values of fur have become realized in various cultural spaces, such as literature, art, film and finally, fashion will be viewed. In fashion, fur is a product of desire and power influenced by commodity fetishism as well as sexual fetishism. During the anti-fur movement, mass media has developed the concept of spectacle fetishism. Fur is a sign of animal-victim, and fur-clad women is viewed with images full of imperialsm, sexism and racism, thus act as derisive spectacles of consumerism. Since 1990s as a reflection on anti-fur movement, fetishistic characteristics, which challenge traditional operation method, are expressed by disguise, parody, and returning to the nature. First, fur as disguise is intended to hide sexually perverse, decadent characteristics and expensiveness of fur by texturing or patterning techniques. Second, fur as parody uses fake fur or dyed fur in order to satirize erotically and ethnographically fetishized meanings of fur. Third, aboriginal design of fur is adapted to use symbolic values outside the West, which can potentially mobilize antagonistic oppositions out of their fetishistic regimes. In conclusion, fur as sign of female sexuality and its libidinal profits of exchange, has significant symbolic values expressed in fashion.

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태양광 고효율 저가화 기술동향

  • Gil, Jong-Seok
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2015.08a
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    • pp.85-85
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    • 2015
  • 현재 태양광에너지 시장은 해마다 빠른 속도로 성장하는 추세이며 50 GWp/년 이상의 시장으로 변화하였고 앞으로도 전체적인 성장세는 지속 유지될 것으로 판단된다. 하지만 이와 아울러 각 Value chain 별로 많은 기업들이 생겨나게되어 각각의 기업들이 제품을 고효율 저가화 함으로서 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해 많은 노력들이 기울이고 있으며 본 강연에서는 이러한 측면에서 태양광 에너지의 분야별 고효율/저가화를 위한 기술동향을 살펴보고자 한다. 태양광 산업은 아직은 다소 높은 발전단가로 인해 일부 정부의 지원이나 정책에 의해 산업의 규모가 결정되게 되는데 주요한 지원제도는 RPS 제도와 FIT 제도가 있으며 우리나라는 초기 FIT 제도로 국가에서 태양광에서 생산된 전기를 높은 가격에 사주었으나 근래에들어 RPS 제도를 운영하게 되었으며 매전을 하면서 SMP에 준하는 수익을 창출하고 이와 아울러 REC 를 확보하여 확보된 REC 단가에 의해 추가적인 수익을 창출하는 구조의 발전사업이 진행되고 있다. 그리고 RPS나 FIT와 같은 정부의 지원없이도 발전단가의 경쟁력을 확보하는 시점을 그리드패러티라고 하며 이는 매우 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 태양광의 저가화는 그리드패러티 달성을 확보하기 위해 필수적으로 필요한 사안이며 앞으로도 이러한 저가화 / 고효율화 기술노력은 계속 진행될 것으로 판단된다. 우선 소재의 가격을 줄이기 위해 웨이퍼의 두께가 점점 박형화 되어가고 박형화 되면서도 안정적인 공정수율 및 효율을 향상시키기 위한 기술개발이 진행되고 있으며 Cell 분야에 있어서도 고효율을 위한 다양한 Texturing 기술 및 패시베이션 기술의 개발이 이루어 지고 있으며 고효율 컨셉의 MRT cell, Back contact cell 등 고효율 구조의 cell의 양산을 진행하고 있는 등 최근 n-type 기반의 고효율 cell 기술이 활발하게 양산화 검토가 이루어 지고 있다. 모듈 분야에 있어서는 저가/고효율화와 아울러 제품의 신뢰성 확보가 무엇보다도 중요하게 다루어 지고 있으며 이는 모듈이 최소 25년 이상 Field 에서 운용되어 수익창출이 가능해야 하므로 가장 중요한 요소중에 하나라고 할 수 있다. 신뢰성 측면에서 중요하게 다루어 지고 있는 것 중 하나가 PID 저감을 위한 노력이며 이와 관련된 각 소재의 개발이 가장 활발하게 진행되고 있으며 이와 아울러 장수명을 보장하기 위한 내구성이 겸비된 봉지재의 개발 또한 많은 관심을 불러 일으키고 있다. 저가/고효율화를 위해 CTM loss를 줄이기 위한 다양한 시도가 이루어지고 있으며 특수 형태의 리본으로 빛의 흡수를 증가시키거나 컨택저항을 최소화 하기위한 소재의 개발이 이루어 지고 있다. 태양광 시스템 분야의 경우 발전량과 수익창출에 있어 직접적인 영향을 미치는 분야로서 전체 시스템의 loss 를 줄이고 최적의 환경에서 최대한의 발전량을 확보하기 위한 array 설계 및 운용기술이 활발하게 개발되고 있으며 시스템에서의 loss를 줄여줄수 있는 마이크로 인버터나 multi string 인버터의 적용도 이루어 지고 있으나 저가화를 위한 추가적인 노력이 필요한 상황이다. 본 강연의 마지막으로 이러한 노력들의 산물인 특수 태양광 제품 및 시스템의 기술동향에 대해 살펴하고자 한다. 사막은 전체면적의 1/3을 차지할 정도로 넓은 면적을 자랑하지만 밤과 낮의 기온차 그리고 계통 선로의 부재 등 적용하기 어려운 환경적인 제약도 함께 존재하며 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위한 방안에 대해 살펴보고 최근 Hot issue 중의 하나인 수상 태양광 시스템의 장, 단점과 기술적 특성 등을 살펴보고자 한다.

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A study on the surface characteristics of diamond wire-sawn silicon wafer for photovoltaic application (다이아몬드 코팅 와이어로 가공된 태양전지용 실리콘 웨이퍼의 표면 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Kyoung-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.225-229
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    • 2011
  • Most of the silicon cutting methods using the multi-wire with the slurry injection have been used for wafers of the crystalline solar cell. But the productivity of slurry injection cutting type falls due to low cutting speeds. Also, the direct contact with the metal wire and silicon block increases the concentration of metallic impurities in the wafer's surface. In addition, the abrasive silicon carbide (SiC) generates pollutants. And production costs are rising because it does not re-use the worn wire. On the other hand, the productivity of the cutting method using the diamond coated wire is about 2 times faster than the slurry injection cutting type. Also, the continuous cutting using the used wire of low wear is possible. And this is a big advantage for reduced production costs. Therefore, the cutting method of the diamond coated wire is more efficient than the slurry injection cutting technique. In this study, each cutting type is analyzed using the surface characteristics of the solar wafer and will describe the effects of the manufacturing process of the solar cell. Finally, we will suggest improvement methods of the solar cell process for using the diamond cutting type wafer.