• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2020

A multi-scale epoxy/CNT/fiberglass annular sector plate is studied in this paper in the view of determining nonlinear forced vibration characteristics. A 3D Mori-Tanaka model is employed for evaluating multi-scale material properties. Thus, all of glass fibers are assumed to have uni-direction alignment and CNTs have random diffusion. The geometry of annular sector plate can be described based on the open angle and the value of inner/outer radius. In order to solve governing equations and derive exact forced vibration curves for the multi-scale annular sector, Jacobi elliptic functions are used. Obtained results demonstrate the significance of CNT distribution, geometric nonlinearity, applied force, fiberglass volume, open angle and fiber directions on forced vibration characteristics of multi-scale annular sector plates.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2019

This work investigates the accuracy and performance of a $FE^2$ multi-scale implementation used to predict the behavior of composite materials. The equations are formulated assuming the small deformations solid mechanics approach in non-linear material models with hardening plasticity. The uniform strain boundary conditions are applied for the macro-to-micro transitions. A parallel algorithm was implemented in order to solve large engineering problems. The scheme proposed takes advantage of the domain decomposition method at the macro-scale and the coupling between each subdomain with a micro-scale model. The precision of the method is validated with a composite material problem and scalability tests are performed for showing the efficiency.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.765-777
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• 2020

In the context of classic conical shell formulation, nonlinear forced vibration analysis of truncated conical shells and annular plates made of multi-scale epoxy/CNT/fiberglass composites has been presented. The composite material is reinforced by carbon nanotube (CNT) and also fiberglass for which the material properties are defined according to a 3D Mori-Tanaka micromechanical scheme. By utilizing the Jacobi elliptic functions, the frequency-deflection curves of truncated conical shells and annular plates related to their forced vibrations have been derived. The main focus is to study the influences of CNT amount, fiberglass volume, open angle, fiber angle, truncated distance and force magnitude on forced vibrational behaviors of multi-scale truncated conical shells and annular plates.

• Composites Research
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2002

To study numerically the mechanical behaviors of advanced composite materials considering the microscopic phenomena as well as the macroscopic properties and behaviors, a multi-scale modeling and analysis by the mathematical homogenization method with the help of the finite element method(FEM) are reviewed. The hierarchical modeling strategy and the formulation are briefly described first to give some idea of the multi-scale framework. The latter half of this article focuses on the verification of the multi-scale analysis by the homogenization method in its applications to real advanced materials. The first example is the verification of the predicted macroscopic(homogenized) properties based on the microstructure of porous ceramics. In spite of the complexity of the random microstructure, the error between the predicted and the measured values was only 1%. Next, two applications to the process simulation of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites are presented. The permeability characteristics are evaluated for sheared weave fabrics for resin transfer molding(RTM) simulation, and the thermoforming of FRTP sheet is analyzed considering the large deformation of the knit structure during the deep-draw forming was verified by comparison with the experimental results.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.3176-3183
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• 2010

본 논문은 다축 하중을 받는 복합재 압력용기의 멀티 스케일 피로수명 예측 방법을 제시하였다. 멀티 스케일 접근법은 복합재료의 기본 구성재료인 섬유, 기지 및 섬유/기지 경계면의 거동으로부터 복합재 플라이, 적층판 및 구조물의 전체 거동을 예측한다. 멀티 스케일 피로수명은 거시적 응력 해석과 미시적 피로파손 해석을 통해 예측된다. 유한요소법을 이용하여 복합재 압력용기의 적층판에 가해지는 다축 피로하중을 구하며, 고전적층판이론을 이용하여 적층판의 플라이 응력을 계산하였다. 미소역학 모델을 이용하여 플라이 응력으로부터 각각 섬유, 기지 및 섬유/기지 경계면에 발생되는 응력을 계산하였다. 복합재 구성재료의 피로수명은 섬유에 대해서는 최대응력법을, 기지에 대해서는 등가응력법을, 섬유/기지 경계면에 대해서는 임계평면법을 사용하였다. 평균응력을 고려하기 위하여 수정된 Goodman 식을 적용하였다. 모든 피로하중에 의한 손상은 Miner 법칙을 이용하여 선형 누적이 되고, 이를 통해 최종 피로파손을 판단한다. 섬유와 기지의 물성값, 섬유체적비 및 와인딩 각도의 확률분포에 따른 복합재 압력용기의 피로수명 영향을 분석하기 위해 몬테카르로 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다.

• Advanced Composite Materials
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.373-407
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• 2008

This paper will examine the possibilities of the virtual tests of composite structures by simulating mechanical behaviors by using supercomputing technologies, which have now become easily available and powerful but relatively inexpensive. We will describe mainly the applications of large-scale finite element analysis using the direct numerical simulation (DNS), which describes composite material properties considering individual constituent properties. DNS approach is based on the full microscopic concepts, which can provide detailed information about the local interaction between the constituents and micro-failure mechanisms by separate modeling of each constituent. Various composite materials such as metal matrix composites (MMCs), active fiber composites (AFCs), boron/epoxy cross-ply laminates and 3-D orthogonal woven composites are selected as verification examples of DNS. The effective elastic moduli and impact structural characteristics of the composites are determined using the DNS models. These DNS models can also give the global and local information about deformations and influences of high local in-plane and interlaminar stresses induced by transverse impact loading at a microscopic level inside the materials. Furthermore, the multi-scale models based on DNS concepts considering microscopic and macroscopic structures simultaneously are also developed and a numerical low-velocity impact simulation is performed using these multi-scale DNS models. Through these various applications of DNS models, it can be shown that the DNS approach can provide insights of various structural behaviors of composite structures.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 건설용 복합소재 구조에 적합한 미시-거시적 멀티 스케일 접근 방법을 제시하고 고차항 이론에 기반한 유한요소 진동 해석을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 제시하는 멀티-스케일 접근 방법에 의한 유한요소 모델은 해석의 정확성 뿐 만 아니라 재료 조합의 영향을 정확히 보여준다는 점에서 장점을 갖는다. 적용된 유한요소 모델은 화이버의 함침비율의 변화에 따른 적층 판 구조의 고유진동을 상세 분석하기 위하여 개발되었다. 특히, 본 연구에서 제시한 결과는 적층 구조의 보강각도, 적층배열, 그리고 길이-두께비 등과 화이버 함침비율의 변화의 상호작용을 분석하는 데 초점을 두었다. 수치해석 결과로부터 화이버와 모재의 조합의 영향은 거시적 동적 특성을 조절할 수 있으므로 무시되면 안되며, 최적 배합을 통하여 건설용으로서 우수한 동적 구조성능을 만족하도록 설계할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.693-718
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• 2016

This paper presents a finite element procedure based on Bridging multi-scale method (BMM) in order to incorporate the effect of local/cross-sectional deformations (e.g., flange local buckling and web crippling) on the global behaviour of thin-walled members made of fibre-reinforced polymer composite laminates. This method allows the application of local shell elements in critical regions of an existing beam-type model. Therefore, it obviates the need for using computationally expensive shell elements in the whole domain of the structure, which is otherwise necessary to capture the effect of the localized behaviour. Consequently, highly accurate analysis results can be achieved with this method by using significantly smaller finite element model, compared to the existing methods. The proposed method can be used for composite polymer laminates with arbitrary fibre orientation directions in different layers of the material, and under various loading conditions. Comparison with full shell-type finite element analysis results are made in order to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed technique.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2019

A palladium can adsorb hydrogen and detect leaking hydrogen through changes in color and electrical resistance. This study is to evaluate the structural behavior of carbon fiber adding palladium composite materials used in the hydrogen storage vessel. A multi-scale analysis technique was used to analyze accurately the behavior of each material in relation to the microscopic composition. The multi-scale analysis is more proper and precise for composite materials because of considering the individual microscopic structure and properties of each material for composite materials. Also the crack evaluation was performed by XFEM analysis to confirm the reinforcement performance of aluminum as a liner of the hydrogen vessel. The results show that the addition of the palladium material increased the macroscopic stress, but microscopically the carbon fiber stress was reduced. It means the performance improvement of the palladium added carbon fiber/Al composite.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

The multi-scale analysis is more proper and precise for composite materials because of considering the individual microscopic structure and properties of each material for composite materials. The purpose of this study is to verify the validity of using palladium particles in carbon/fiber composites by multi-scale analysis. The palladium is a material for itself to detect leaking hydrogen by using the property of adsorbing hydrogen. The macroscopic model material properties used in this study are homogeneous material properties from microstructure. Homogenized material properties that are calculated from periodic boundary conditions in the microscopic representative volume element model of each macroscopic analysis model. In this study, three macroscopic models were used : carbon fiber/epoxy, carbon fiber/palladium, palladium/epoxy. As a result, adding palladium to carbon/epoxy composite is not a problem in terms of strength.