• 제목/요약/키워드: multi-class services

검색결과 44건 처리시간 0.021초

WiMAX 시스템에서 QoS에 기반한 Multi-Class 스케줄러 (QoS aware Multi-class scheduler in WiMAX System)

  • 이주현;박형근
    • 전기학회논문지
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    • 제59권4호
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    • pp.820-822
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    • 2010
  • Mobile WiMAX system provides various classes of traffic such as real-time and non-realtime services. These services have different QoS requirements and the QoS aware scheduling has been an important issue. Although many of scheduling algorithms for various services in OFDMA system have been proposed, it is needed to be modified to be applied to Mobile WiMAX system. Since Mobile WiMAX supports five kinds of service classes, it is important to take QoS characteristics of each class into consideration. In this paper, we propose an efficient packet scheduling algorithm to support QoS of each class. Proposed scheme selects a service class first considering QoS Characteristics of each class and choose an appropriate user in the selected class. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has better performance than the other algorithm.

딥러닝 기반의 다범주 감성분석 모델 개발 (Development of Deep Learning Models for Multi-class Sentiment Analysis)

  • 알렉스 샤이코니;서상현;권영식
    • 한국IT서비스학회지
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.149-160
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    • 2017
  • Sentiment analysis is the process of determining whether a piece of document, text or conversation is positive, negative, neural or other emotion. Sentiment analysis has been applied for several real-world applications, such as chatbot. In the last five years, the practical use of the chatbot has been prevailing in many field of industry. In the chatbot applications, to recognize the user emotion, sentiment analysis must be performed in advance in order to understand the intent of speakers. The specific emotion is more than describing positive or negative sentences. In light of this context, we propose deep learning models for conducting multi-class sentiment analysis for identifying speaker's emotion which is categorized to be joy, fear, guilt, sad, shame, disgust, and anger. Thus, we develop convolutional neural network (CNN), long short term memory (LSTM), and multi-layer neural network models, as deep neural networks models, for detecting emotion in a sentence. In addition, word embedding process was also applied in our research. In our experiments, we have found that long short term memory (LSTM) model performs best compared to convolutional neural networks and multi-layer neural networks. Moreover, we also show the practical applicability of the deep learning models to the sentiment analysis for chatbot.

Delay-Margin based Traffic Engineering for MPLS-DiffServ Networks

  • Ashour, Mohamed;Le-Ngoc, Tho
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.351-361
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    • 2008
  • This paper presents a delay-margin based traffic engineering (TE) approach to provide end-to-end quality of service (QoS) in multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) networks using differentiated services (DiffServ) at the link level. The TE, including delay, class, and route assignments, is formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem reflecting the inter-class and inter-link dependency introduced by DiffServ and end-to-end QoS requirements. Three algorithms are used to provide a solution to the problem: The first two, centralized offline route configuration and link-class delay assignment, operate in the convex areas of the feasible region to consecutively reduce the objective function using a per-link per-class decomposition of the objective function gradient. The third one is a heuristic that promotes/demotes connections at different links in order to deal with concave areas that may be produced by a trunk route usage of more than one class on a given link. Approximations of the three algorithms suitable for on-line distributed TE operation are also derived. Simulation is used to show that proposed approach can increase the number of users while maintaining end-to-end QoS requirements.

다중 서비스 다중 사용자 OFDMA 시스템에서의 임의접근 채널 성능 분석 (Performance Analysis of random access channels in multi-service multi-user OFDMA systems)

  • 구인수;팜티홍츄
    • 인터넷정보학회논문지
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    • 제9권5호
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    • pp.141-151
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    • 2008
  • 본 논문에서는 다중 서비스 다중 사용자 OFDMA 시스템에서의 임의 접근채널의 성능 분석을 수행하였다. OFDMA 시스템의 임의 접근 채널 자원은 가용한 부채널의 수와 PN-코드의 수이다. 이러한 임의 접근 채널의 자원이 주어진 경우, 임의 접근 채널의 성능을 각 서비스 클래스의 접속 성공 확률, 블로킹 확률, 접속 지연 그리고 처리율 관점에서 분석하였다. 또한 요구되는 각 서비스 클래스의 허용 가능한 최소 접속 성공 확률, 최대 접속 지연, 최대 블록킹 확률이 주어진 경우, 이를 만족할 수 있는 각 서비스 클래스의 접속 확률 값을 구하였다. 이 결과들은 각 서비스 클래스 사용자들에게 차등한 서비스 품질을 제공하고 적절한 시스템 운용점을 찾는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

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Mobile uDA와 Zigbee Network 기반의 Smart Class 구현에 관한 연구 (Study On Implementation Of Smart Class Based On Mobile uDA And Zigbee Network)

  • 서재길;안종찬;김영길
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국해양정보통신학회 2007년도 춘계종합학술대회
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    • pp.383-386
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    • 2007
  • 유비쿼터스 환경에서는 사용자가 위치한 상황에 따라 능동적으로 서비스가 제공이 되어야 한다. 특정 서비스를 요청할 때 이에 해당하는 서비스 기능을 가진 장치가 현재 사용자가 위치한 네트워크에 존재하는지, 서비스를 제공하는 장치들 중 사용자에게 가장 적합한 장치가 무엇인지를 발견 해 서비스를 제공해 주는 기술이 필요하다. 또 여러 사용자가 같이 존재할 때 어떤 우선순위에 의해 동작되어지는지도 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 Mobile Platform과 Zigbee Network 기반에서 교수와 학생들이라는 계층이 다른 여러명의 User가 동시에 사용할 수 있는 능동적 서비스를 제공하는 Smart Class를 구현하여 보았다.

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이더넷 PON에서 다중 클래스 서비스를 위한 계층적 구조 기반의 동적 대역 할당 알고리듬 (Hierarchical-based Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for Multi-class Services in Ethernet PON)

  • 한경은;안계현;김영천
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제29권3A호
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    • pp.223-232
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    • 2004
  • 본 논문에서는 이더넷 PON(Passive Optical Network)에서 다중 클래스 서비스를 효율적으로 제공하기 위한 동적 대역 할당 알고리듬을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리듬은 OLT(Optical Line Terminal)에 존재하는 상위 단계 스케줄러와 ONU(Optical Network Unit)에 존재하는 하위 단계 스케줄러로 구성된다. 계층적 구조 기반의 대역 할당 알고리듬은 대역 할당을 수행하는 스케줄러와 스케줄의 대상이 되는 큐가 거리 상으로 분산되어 있는 이더넷 PON 시스템에서 확장성과 자원의 효율성을 제공할 수 있다. 또한 본 논문에서는 ONU에서 수행하는 하위 단계 대역 할당 알고리듬으로 비례 할당 알고리듬, 최대 요구 우선 할당(Maximum Request First Allocation: MRFA) 알고리듬, 우선 순위 우선 할당(High Priority First Allocation: HPFA) 알고리듬을 제안한다. 제안한 알고리듬의 성능 평가를 위해 OPNET을 이용하여 IEEE 802.3ah 기반의 이더넷 PON 시스템을 설계하고 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며 각 알고리듬의 채널 이용률, 큐잉 지연, 잔여대역 관점에서 성능을 평가하고 분석하였다.

핸드오프호를 고려한 OFDMA 무선통신시스템의 확률적 트래픽모형 (Queueing Traffic Model of Giving a Priority to Handoff Calls in OFDMA Wireless Communication Systems)

  • 백천현
    • 한국경영과학회지
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.45-59
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    • 2011
  • OFDMA systems have been expected to be widely used to provide multimedia services over wireless channels. To evaluate performance of the OFDMA system, power should be considered as system resource as well as subcarriers. This study propose a queueing traffic model incorporating two kinds of resources (power and subcarriers), and an extended model giving a priority to handoff calls over new calls. Some extensive experiments are conducted to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed traffic model.

Call Admission Control Based on Adaptive Bandwidth Allocation for Wireless Networks

  • Chowdhury, Mostafa Zaman;Jang, Yeong Min;Haas, Zygmunt J.
    • Journal of Communications and Networks
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.15-24
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    • 2013
  • Provisioning of quality of service (QoS) is a key issue in any multi-media system. However, in wireless systems, supporting QoS requirements of different traffic types is a more challenging problem due to the need to simultaneously minimize two performance metrics - the probability of dropping a handover call and the probability of blocking a new call. Since QoS requirements are not as stringent for non-real-time traffic, as opposed to real-time traffic, more calls can be accommodated by releasing some bandwidth from the already admitted non-real-time traffic calls. If the released bandwidth that is used to handle handover calls is larger than the released bandwidth that is used for new calls, then the resulting probability of dropping a handover call is smaller than the probability of blocking a new call. In this paper, we propose an efficient call admission control algorithm that relies on adaptive multi-level bandwidth-allocation scheme for non-realtime calls. The scheme allows reduction of the call dropping probability, along with an increase in the bandwidth utilization. The numerical results show that the proposed scheme is capable of attaining negligible handover call dropping probability without sacrificing bandwidth utilization.

사회계층별 노인생활지원주택에 대한 태도와 선호 (Attitudes and Preferences for Elderly Assisted Living according to Socio-economic Status)

  • 홍형옥;지은영
    • 가정과삶의질연구
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.83-95
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    • 2002
  • The objectives of this study were 1) to analyze the attitudes about Elderly Assisted Living(EAL), 2) to consider the policy implications for elderly communal housing according to socio-economic status(income, occupation and education). The survey was undertaken from August to September, 2000 in Seoul and Kyunggi-Do(Ilsan, Bundang). The data were analyzed by SPSS Window program. The major findings were as follows: Most of the respondents prefered to live in EAL(over 56%), under 10 units and desired to be serviced(housework.leisure medical program.meal service). The upper class respondents preferred high-rise apartment style inner city or suburban and prefered paid services in EAL. They would willingly to pay over 800,000 won for living expenses and more than 200 million won for buying their own EAL. The middle class respondents prefered 5 stories multi-family house style with common facilities as a number. And they prefered to common facilities opening to public if the quality of facilities were better. The low class respondents prefered 5 stories multi-family house style and prefered to live within 30 minutes apart from their families and friends. They would pay under 300,000~600,000won for monthly living expenses and under 100 million won for their own EAL.

종합병원에 입원한 환자의 간호원가 산정에 관한 연구 (Determination of Nursing Costs for Hospitalized Patients Based on the Patient Classification System)

  • 박정호;송미숙
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.16-37
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    • 1990
  • A cost analysis for hospitalized patients was carried out based upon Patient Classification System(PCS) in order to determine an appropriate nursing fee. The data were collected from 21 nursing units of three teaching hospitals from April 1 to June 30, 1989. first, all of the 22,056 inpatients were classified into mildly ill(Class Ⅰ), moderately ill(Class Ⅱ), acutely ill(Class Ⅲ), and critically ill(Class Ⅳ) by the PCS which had been carefully developed to be suitable for the Korean nursing units. Second. PCS cost accounting was applied to the above data. The distribution of inpatients, nursing costs, and nursing productivity were as follows : 1) Patient distribution ranged from 45% to class Ⅰ, 36% to class Ⅱ, 15% to class Ⅲ, and 4% to class Ⅳ, the proportion of class Ⅳ in ‘H’ Hospital was greater than that of the other two hospitals. 2) The proportion of Class Ⅲ and Ⅳ in the medical nursing units was greater than that of surgical nursing units. 3) The number of inpatients was greatest on Tuesdays, and least on Sundays. 4) The average nursing cost per hour was W 3,164 for ‘S’ hospital, W 3,511 for ‘H’ hospital and W 4,824 for ‘K’ hospital. The average nursing cost per patient per day was W 14,126 for ‘S’ Hospital, W 15,842 for ‘H’ hospital and W 21,525 for ‘K’ hospital. 5) The average nursing cost calculated by the PCS was W 13,232 for class Ⅰ, W 18,478 for class Ⅱ, W 23,000 for class Ⅲ, and W 25,469 for class Ⅳ. 6) The average nursing cost for the medical and surgical nursing units was W 13,180 and W 13,303 respetively for class Ⅰ, W 18,248 and W 18,707 for class Ⅱ, W 22,303 and W 23,696 for class Ⅲ, and W 24,331 and W 26,606 for class Ⅳ. 7) The nursing costs were composed of 85% for wages and fringe benefits, 3% for material supplies and 12% for overhead. The proportion of wages and fringe benefits among the three Hospitals ranged from 75%, 92% and 98% for the ‘S’, ‘H’, ‘K’ hospitals respectively These findings explain why the average nursing cost of ‘K’ hospital was higher than the others. 8) According to a multi- regression analysis, wages and fringe benefits, material supplies, and overhead had an equal influence on determining the nursing cost while the nursing hours had less influence. 9) The productivity of the medical nursing units were higher than the surgical nursing units, productivity of the D(TS) - nursing units was the lowest while the K(Med) - nursing unit was the highest in 'S' hospital. In ‘H’ hospital, productivity was related to the number of inpatients rather than to the characteristics of the nursing units. The ‘K’ hospital showed the same trend as ‘S’ hospital, that the productivity of the medical nursing unit was higher than the surgical nursing unit. The productivity of ‘S’ hospital was evaluated the highest followed by ‘H’ hospital and ‘K’ hospital. Future research on nursing costs should be extended to the other special nursing areas such as pediatric and psychiatric nursing units, and to ICU or operating rooms. Further, the PCS tool should be carefully evaluated for its appropriateness to all levels of institutions(primary, secondary, tertiary). This study took account only of the quantity of nursing services when developing the PCS tool for evaluating the productivity of nursing units. Future research should also consider the quality of nursing services including the appropriateness of nursing activities.

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