• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.643-650
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• 2015

The principal objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of Yukwa prepared with mulberry leaf (Morus alba Linne) powder. The moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, dietary fiber, and rutin contents of used mulberry leaf powder were 6.65%, 19.50%, 3.26%, 18.24, 38.91 and 0.54%, respectively. The tested concentrations of mulberry leaf powder were 0, 3, 5, and 7%. The Yukwa were stored at $45^{\circ}C$ for 40 days. Yukwa dough prepared with mulberry leaf powder had a lower pH compared to the control group. As more mulberry leaf powder was added, the spread ratio, moisture content, and volume increased. As more mulberry leaf powder was added, L-value decreased while a and b values increased with increasing mulberry leaf powder content. The hardness of Yukwa made with 7% mulberry leaf powder was the highest among the samples. In the sensory tests, Yukwa with 5% mulberry leaf powder received the highest scores. The acid value and peroxide values were lower in Yukwa prepared with mulberry leaf powder than control. Yukwa prepared with mulberry leaf powder strongly inhibited oxidation of lipids. The thiobarbituric values were lower in Yukwa prepared with 5% mulberry leaf powder than in Yukwa prepared with 3% and 7% mulberry leaf powders and control Yukwa. These results suggest that mulberry leaf powder can be applied to Yukwa to achieve high quality and functionality.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.56-61
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• 2005

New mulberry cultivar, Shinsungppong which was resistant to main mulberry disease was bred and resistered as a commercial cultivar. Local adaptability test has been carried out at three places (Suwon, Kongju, and Jinju) for four years since 2001. Leaf quality was tested by silkworm rearing for two silkworm rearing seasons (spring and autumn) at Suwon in 2000. Shinsungppong was recognized to be superior by 7% in productivity to control cultivar, Sangilppong. The new cultivar, Shinsungppong, has following agronomic characteristics as compared with Sangilppong, which is known as a resistant cultivar to mulberry disease in Korea. It is belonging to Morus alba L. with mixed shapes from the ovate to 5 lobated leaf shape, sprouting in spring nearly the same to the Sangilppong (Morus alba L.), high leaf yielding by 7% compared to Sangilppong (Morus alba L.). It is adaptable to everywhere except the places where cold damage frequently in Korea. Sangilppong is recommended to rear silkworms not only in spring but also in autumn besides for young silkworms.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.338-340
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• 2021

Morus alba, known as White Mulberry, is one of the most common species of mulberry found in South Korea, along with M. australis, known as Korean Mulberry. During a routine survey to investigate fungal diseases on deciduous broad-leaved trees in 2020, leaf spots were consistently observed on the White Mulberry in Sejong-si (36°30'12.8"N 127°17'34.5"E) and Wonju-si (37°15'29.6"N 128°11'37.9"E), South Korea, with a disease incidence of approximately 70 to 80%. Symptoms included circular, tan or necrotic lesions surrounded by a dark margin on leaves, which, in some cases, the lesions coalesced to form relatively large necrotic regions. The pathogen was successfully isolated from M. alba, and was identified as Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides based on the phylogenetic analysis and morphology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot disease on M. alba caused by C. pseudocladosporioides in South Korea.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2012

Mulberry extracts can be incorporated into skin-whitening products. The compound attributed to lighten the skin is arbutin, a form of hydroquinone that inhibits melanin release by suppressing the tyrosinase enzyme. For the cosmetic applications, the physiological effects of mulberry (Morus alba) extracts were investigated. The water soluble fraction of mulberry contains higher amount of protein (16.28~4.47%) in contrast to fat (1.55~1.41%). In addition, the fraction abundantly contains succinic acid (972.4-275.8 mg/g) and phosphoric acid (1,628.4-121.9 mg/g) in different parts of mulberry. The free radical scavenging ability in water soluble fraction was found to display remarkable effects in comparison with methanol and ethyl acetate fraction. The ethyl acetate-soluble of root and leaf showed remarkable tyrosinase inhibition activity by IC 50 (${\mu}g/ml$). The anticancer activity of methanol fraction obtained from mulberry using human cancer cell lines showed growth inhibition effect (270.14 mg/ml in Calu-6 cells, 295.29 mg/ml in HCT-116, and 332.29 mg/ml in MCF-7 cells, respectively). Based on the results, Morus alba extracts include cosmetic ingredients with antioxidizing and whitening properties.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 2004

New triploid mulberry cultivar, Suilppong was bred among selected lines from F$_1$ seedlings obtained by crossing the female, artificial tetraploid No. 411 which obtained from Chungilppong seedlings, and the male, Kugsang 21. Local adaptability test has been carried out at four places (Suwon, Kongju, Jeonju and Jangsung) for five years since 1997. Leaf quality was tested by silkworm rearing for two silkworm rearing seasons (spring and autumn) at Suwon in 2000. Suilppong was recognized to be superior in productivity to control cultivar, Kaeryangppong. The new cultivar, Suilppong, has following agronomic characteristics as compared with Kaeryangnppong, which is leading cultivar widely cultivating in Korea. It is belonging to Morus alba L. with mixed shapes from the ovate to 5 lobated leaf shape, sprouting in spring nearly the same to the Kaeryangppong (Morus alba L.), high leaf yielding of 20% compared to Kaeryangppong (Morus alba L.). It is adaptable to everywhere except the places where cold damage occurs frequently in Korea. Suilppong is recommended to rear silkworms not only in spring but also in autumn besides for young silkworms.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 2002

New mulberry cultivar, Hansungppong, was bred among selected lines from F1 seedlings obtained by crossing the female, Yongcheonppong, and the male, Kugsang 21. Local adaptability test has been carried out at two places (Suwon and Chunchun) for four years since 1995. Leaf quality was tested by silkworm rearing for two silkworm rearing seasons (spring and autumn) at Suwon in 1998. Hansungppong was recognized to be superior in productivity and cold resistance to control cultivar, Yongcheonppong. The new cultivar, Hansungppong, has following agronomic characteristics as compared with Yongcheonppong, which was strongest leading cultivar against cold injury in Korea. It is belonging to Morus alba L. with the ovate leaf shape, sprouting in spring nearly the same to the Yongcheonppong (Morus alba L.), high leaf yielding of 10% compared to Yongcheonppong (Morus alba L.) and the high degree of cold resistance. It is adaptable to everywhere in Korea. Hansungppong is recommended to rear silkworms not only in spring but also in autumn besides for young silkworms.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2001

New Mulberry Cultivar, Milsungppong, was selected from F1 seedlings obtained by crossing the female, 4X Keomseolppong, and the male, Kaeryangppong. Local adaptability test has been carried out at five places(Suwon, Chunchun, Cheongju, Kongju and Sangju) for four years since 1992. Leaf quality was tested by silkworm rearing for two silkworm rearing seasons(spring and autumn) at Suwon in 1995. From these tests, Milsungppong was found to be superior to control cultivar, cultivar, Kaeryangppong, in productivity, rootability and shoot cold injury. The new cultivar, Milsungppong, has following agronomic characteristics as compared with Kaeryangppong, the most prevailing cultivar, Milsungppong, has following agronomic characteristics as compared with Kaeryangppong, the most prevailing cultivar in Korea It is triploid cultivar belonging to Morus bombycis KOIDZ with the leaf shape of five lobes, sprouting in spring nearly the same to the Kaeryangppong (Morus alba L.), high leaf yielding of 25% compared to Kaeryangppong (Morus alba L.) and the medium degree of cold resistance. It is adaptable to every where in Korea except the area cold injury broken out habitually. Milsungppong is recommended to rear silkworms not only in spring but also in autumn besides for young silkworms.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2019

The mulberry tree (Morus alba L.) has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. We investigated the effects of bioconversion on different components of the mulberry tree, and determined changes in the physiological activities. Ethyl acetate-soluble fractions of five different segments (fruit, Mori Fructus; leaf, Mori Folium; twig, Mori Ramulus; root, Mori Cortex; and mistletoe, Loranthi Ramulus) of the mulberry tree show enhanced anti-oxidant effects in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylvenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays, and enhanced anti-inflammatory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, after being treated with a crude enzyme extract from Aspergillus kawachii, in the following order of activity: Mori Folium>Mori Cortex>Mori Ramulus>Mori Fructus>Loranthi Ramulus. Ethyl acetate- soluble fraction of mulberry leaves (Mori Folium) that underwent bioconversion was most effective, and was devoid of any cytotoxicity. The fraction was also effective against mRNA expression of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, $interleukin-1{\beta}$, and interleukin-6. In addition, the fraction was effective in LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and IKK, and $I{\kappa}B$ degradation, followed by translocation of the nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Thus, bioconversion increased the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the mulberry leaf.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.280-285
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• 2012

Six polyphenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid (CA), rutin (RT), isoquercitrin (IQT), quercetin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (QMG), astragalin (AG), kaempferol-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (KMG), were isolated from mulberry leaves by a series of isolation procedures, such as Diaion HP-20, silica-gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS-A column chromatographies. The chemical structures of the phenolic compounds were identified by UV and NMR spectral analyses. Levels of polyphenols in mulberry leaves from six different mulberry cultivars ranged from 1,042.16 to 1,871.97 mg% per dry weight; Guksang cultivar showed the highest levels of polyphenols, whereas Gaeryangdaehwa contained the least polyphenol contents. Generally, levels of polyphenols in mulberry leaves decreased with increasing harvest time, except for Yoolmok, but increased with heat processing time, except QMG and KMG. These results suggest that the heat processed mulberry leaves of Guksang cultivar harvested in early May can be potentially useful sources for production of high quality mulberry leaf teas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2019

This study examined the quality characteristics of dumpling shells prepared with 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% mulberry leaf powder. According to the amylograph data, the composite of mulberry leaf powder-wheat flour samples reduced the gelatinization temperatures, viscosities at $95^{\circ}C$, and maximum viscosity with increasing mulberry leaf powder content. The lightness (L) and redness (a) values decreased with increasing mulberry leaf powder content, whereas the yellowness (b) value increased. In addition, the weight, volume, and turbidity increased after cooking. In terms of the textural characteristics, addition of mulberry leaf powder increased the hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and adhesiveness. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the dumpling shells increased significantly (p<0.05) with increasing levels of mulberry leaf powder. The taste, chewiness and texture of the dumpling shells prepared with added 4% mulberry leaf powder were preferred. The sensory evaluation showed that the overall preference of the dumpling shell with the addition of 4% mulberry leaf powder was more effective than the control.