• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.94-94
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to generate and characterize monoclonal antibodies against rat airway mucins, and therefore, should serve as a useful tool in studying the regulation of airway mucins using various in vivo rat models that are currently available. As an antigen, we used a high molecular mass mucin preparation purified from the spent media of rat tracheal surface epithelial cells in primary culture. Seven hybridomas were obtained which secrete monoclonal antibodies against the rat mucin among which mAbRT03 showed the highest immunoreactivity against the mucin based on ELISA. All of the antibodies secreted by these hybridomas recognized carbohydrate epitopes but not sialic acid residues since their immunoreactivity was completely abolished by treatment of the mucin with 20 mM periodate but not with neuraminidase. Further characterization of mAbRT03 showed that: (1) it belongs to the IgM type, (2) it binds to high molecular mass mucins based on both Western blot analysis and indirect immunoprecipitation, (3) it binds to the luminal side of tracheal epithelium as well as some goblet cells based on immunohistochemistry, and (4) it also recognizes in vive airway mucins from rats but not from human nor hamsters which have been purified from the airway lavage fluids. This is the first anti-rat airway mucin monoclonal antibody which has been developed against purified rat airway mucins. Therefore, mAbRT03 should be able to serve as an invaluable tool in studying the regulation of airway mucins using various intact rat models that are currently available.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 1999.12a
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• pp.121-129
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• 1999

When continuous media are transmitted over the communication networks, asynchrony which can not maintain temporal relationships among packets may occur due to a random transit delay. There exist two types of synchronization schemes ; for guaranteed or non-guaranteed resource networks. The former which applies a resource reservation technique maintains delay characteristics, however, the latter supply a best-effort service. In this paper, I propose a intra-media synchronization scheme to transmit continuous media on general networks not guaranteeing a bounded delay tome. The scheme controls transmission times of the packets by estimating next delay time with the delay distribution. So, the arriving packets may be maintained within a limited delay boundary, and playout will be performed after buffering to smoothen small delay variations. The continually increasing delay due to network overload causes buffer underflow at the receiver. To solve it, the transmitter is required to speed up instantaneously. Too much increase of transmission-rate may cause network congestion. At that time, the transmitter drops the current packet when informed excessive delay from the receiver.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of vitrification and slow freezing methods on the post-thaw developmental rate of rabbit zygotes. After exposing rabbit zygotes in EFS solution for 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and S min at room temperature, they were washed with 0.5 M sucrose solution, D-PBS and TCM-199 and then cultured in TCM-199 plus 10% FBS with bovine oviduct epithelial cells(BOEC) to examine whether the cryoprotectant induced injury during the various exposure periods. The embryo development rates to hatched blastocyst after exposing in EFS solution for 3 and 5 min(40.0 and 16.7%) were significantly lower than in 0.5, 1 and 2 min(63.0, 72.0 and 54.5%), respectively. The post-thaw development rates to hatched blastocyst were significantly(P<0.05) higher in in vivo morula with intact mucin coat(85.2%) and mucin seperated morula(77.8%) than those of in vitro morula(58.5%) and zygote(5.9%), hut no difference was shown between in vitro morulae and mucin separated morula. The cryoprotectant dilution procedures showed no effects on the post-thaw development rates to hatched blastocyst under the present culture conditions. The post-thaw development to hatched blastocyst in the rabbit zygotes was not significantly different between the slow freezing(12.8%) and vitrification(5.9%). These results indicated that the rabbit frozen zygotes could he successfully developed in vitro to hatched blastocysts, though their developmental rate was very low, compared with morula stage embryos, in either vitrification or slow freezing procedure under the present conditions.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.253-261
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• 2007

Lactadherin is a glycoprotein of human milk fat globule membrane that binds to mucin and butyrophilin forming the protein complex. Especially, mucin and lactadherin in human milk efficiently protect infants with poor immune functions right after birth from infections by microorganisms and play important roles for their early survival, growth and development. Lactadherin inhibits the propagation and growth of rotavirus that is a global pathogen causing infants' diarrhea. Recently this protein was known to promote neovascularization and its deficiency related to develop Alzheimer's disease. In this study, the basic biochemical and physiological aspects of lactadherin were investigated. Messenger RNAs were isolated from mammary tissues from Korean women patients to clone a 1.2 kb cDNA and sequenced its DNA to determine its amino acid sequences. The cDNA was cloned to express its 43 kD protein in E. coli, which was confirmed by Western blot. The recombinant protein was purified and injected to 2 rabbits to raise antibodies against it. The semi-purified milk fat globule membrane proteins from Korean women was analyzed by Western blot using the rabbit antibody to give 70, 55, 46, 30 kD bands. Also several polymorphism and SNPs of lactadherin gene from Korean women were observed compared with those of Caucasian women.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2002

In the present study, we tried to investigate whether poly-L-lysine(PLL)(MW 78,000 and 9,600) significantly affect mucin release from cultured hamster airway goblet cells. Confluent primary hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells were metabolically radiolabeled with $^3H$-glucosamine for 24 hr and chased for 30 min in the presence of varying concentrations of PLL to assess the effects on $^3H$-mucin release. Possible cytotoxicities of PLL were assessed by measuring Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH) release during treatment. The results were as follows : (1) PLL significantly inhibited mucin release from cultured HTSE cells in a dose-dependent manner; (2) there was no significant release of LDH by treatment of PLL 9,600; (3) however, in the case of treatment of PLL 78,000, there was significant release of LDH during treatment. We conclude that PLL which has molecular weight under 10,000 might inhibit mucin release from airway goblet cells without significant cytotoxicity. This finding suggests that PLL might be used as a tool of research for the hypersecretion of airway mucus.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.76 no.3
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• pp.120-126
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• 2014

Background: We investigated whether wogonin and apigenin significantly affect the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway involved in MUC5AC mucin gene expression, and production from cultured airway epithelial cells; this was based on our previous report that apigenin and wogonin suppressed MUC5AC mucin gene expression and production from human airway epithelial cells. Methods: Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with wogonin or apigenin for 15 minutes or 24 hours and then stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) for 24 hours or the indicated periods. Results: We found that incubation of NCI-H292 cells with wogonin or apigenin inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR. The downstream signals of EGFR such as phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 were also inhibited by wogonin or apigenin. Conclusion: The results suggest that wogonin and apigenin inhibits EGFR signaling pathway, which may explain how they inhibit MUC5AC mucin gene expression and production induced by EGF.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2002

Scattered single cells or variable sized clusters of signet ring cells in the aspirated smears of breast lesions are almost exclusively associated with carcinoma. The signet ring cells are defined as those containing a prominent intracytoplasmic vacuole or amorphous cytoplasm diffusely dispersed with mucin. The primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the breast behaves more aggressively than carcinoma without signet ring cells. Therefore, it is very important to make a correct diagnosis of signet ring cell carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration cytology is useful for diagnosis of breast lesions Including signet ring cell carcinoma. We report two cases, which showed mostly signet ring cells in the aspirated smears of the breast. One case consisted of numerous individual signet ring cells and variable sized cell clusters in rather mucoid background. The tumor cells had abundant amorphous cytoplasm filled with dispersed mucin or occasionally mucin vacuoles(PAS +) and eccentric nuclei. The resected mass revealed mucinous carcinoma. The other showed the cytologic findings of low cellularity, and small loosely cohesive signet ring cell clusters with mild nuclear pleomorphism. It was confirmed as lobular signet ring cell carcinoma in the resected tumor.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.69-81
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• 2013

Objectives In this study, effects of Macmundongtang (MMT) on ATP or TNF-${\alpha}$ or PMA or EGF induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells and the increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances of rats were investigated. Materials and Methods Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated for 30min in the presence of MMT and treated with ATP ($200{\mu}M$) or PMA (10 ng/ml) or EGF (25 ng/ml) or TNF-${\alpha}$ (0.2 nM) for 24hrs, to assess the effect of MMT both on ATP- or PMA- or EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and on gene expression by the same inducers using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At the same time, hypersecretion of airway mucus was induced by exposure of rats to SO2 during 3 weeks. Effect of orally-administered MMT during 2 weeks on increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances from tracheal goblet cells of rats was assesed using histopathological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with PAS-alcian blue. Possible cytotoxicity of MMT was assessed by investigating the potential damage of kidney and liver functions by measuring serum GOT/GPT activities and serum BUN concentration of rats and the body weight gain during experiment, after administering MMT orally. Results (1) MMT did not only inhibit but also increased MUC5AC mucin productions and expression levels of MUC5AC gene from NCI-H292 cells. (2) MMT did not decrease the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstances of trachea of rats. (3) MMT did not show renal and hepatic toxicities and did not affect body weight gain of rats during experiment. Conclusions The result from the present study suggests that MMT might normalize the production and gene expression of airway mucin observed in various respiratory diseases accompanied by yin-deficiency, without in vivo toxicity to liver and kidney functions after oral administration.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.66.2-66.2
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• 2000

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1285-1293
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• 2012

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of commercial monostrain and multistrain probiotics in diets on growth performance, intestinal morphology and mucin gene (MUC2) expression in broiler chicks. Three hundred seventy-eight 1-d-old male Arian broiler chicks were allocated in 3 experimental groups for 6 wk. The birds were fed on a corn-soybean based diet and depending on the addition were labeled as follows: control-unsupplemented (C), birds supplemented with Bacillus subtilis (BS) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) based probiotics. Each treatment had 6 replicates of 21 broilers each. Treatment effects on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and biomarkers such as intestinal goblet cell density, villus length, villus width, and mucin gene expression were determined. Total feed intake did not differ significantly between control birds and those fed a diet with probiotics (p>0.05). However, significant differences in growth performance were found. Final body weight at 42 d of age was higher in birds fed a diet with probiotics compared to those fed a diet without probiotic (p<0.05). Inclusion of Bacillus subtilis based probiotic in the diets also significantly affected feed conversion rate (FCR) compared with control birds (p<0.05). No differences in growth performance were observed in birds fed different types of probiotic supplemented diets. Inclusion of lactic acid bacteria based probiotic in the diets significantly increased goblet cell number and villus length (p<0.05). Furthermore, diets with Bacillus subtilis based probiotics significantly increased gene expression (p<0.05), with higher intestinal MUC2 mRNA in birds fed diet with probiotics compared to those fed the control diet. In BS and LAB probiotic fed chicks, higher growth performance may be related to higher expression of the MUC2 gene in goblet cells and/or morphological change of small intestinal tract. The higher synthesis of the mucin gene after probiotic administration may positively affect bacterial interactions in the intestinal digestive tract, intestinal mucosal cell proliferation and consequently efficient nutrient absorption.