• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2005

높은 현지응력 조건하에서는 굴착 후에 응력 재분배와 응력 교란에 의해 발생하는 터널 주변의 손상영역을 평가할 필요가 있다. 따라서 암석의 변형 및 파괴 특성을 규명하는 것이 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 미소균열들의 전파와 결합에 의해 형성되는 암석의 파괴 및 손상 메커니즘을 점이동 회귀분석 기법과 단축압축시험 동안 측정된 미소파괴음으로부터 조사하고자 하였다. 특히 암석의 손상기준들을 보다 체계적으로 결정하기 위한 수정 방법을 새롭게 제안하였고 성공적으로 적용하였다. 실험결과, 황등화강암과 여산대리석 모두에서 균열개시응력과 균열손상응력은 단축압축강도의 각각 $33{\~}36\%$와 $84{\~}89\%$ 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 여산대리석에서 정규화한 균열닫힘응력 수준은 황등화강암과 비교할 때 더욱 크게 나타났다. 또한 황등화강암에서 발생한 축방향 변형은 탄성변형 단계와 초기 미소균열 발생 과정에서 크게 발생하였다. 하지만 여산대리석에서 발생한 축방향 변형은 초기 균열들의 닫힘과 불안정한 균열전파에 의해 주로 발생하였다. 반면 단축압축조건하에서 암석의 횡방향 변형은 거의 대부분 균열손상응력 수준 이후에 발생하는 불안정한 균열전파로 인해 발생하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.142-149
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• 2003

Blind hydraulic backfilling is a commonly used technique for subsidence control of the strata over unapproachable waterlogged underground excavations. In this investigation model studies on all the three variants of this technique, namely, hydro-pneumatic or air-assisted gravity backfilling, pumped-slurry backfilling and simple gravity backfilling, have been carried out in fully transparent models of the underground excavations. On examination of the filling process, it was revealed that in all the three cases, the basic process of filling occurs by sand transport along one or more meandering channels. The relative influence of sand, water and air flow rates on the area of filling from a single inlet point and the hydraulic pressure loss per unit length were studied in details. In hydro-pneumatic backfilling process, the air bubbles while moving upward through the meandering channels provide an additional buoyant force over and above the available hydraulic head. In this way the area of filling from a single borehole may be quite large even at small flow rates of water. During actual field implementation the injected air, if not released completely from the rise side holes, may cause troubles by way of creating potholes on the surface. The pumped-slurry technique has shown its capability of filling a relatively larger area at faster rate, especially when high-volume, low-pressure method was selected. But simple gravity filling was also found to be equally effective method as slurry pumping, especially when flow rates were high. In the second and third method discussed above, examination of variations of injection pressure was also done and its relation with physical phenomenon was also attempted. Some empirical relationships were also developed using multivariate regression with a view to help the practicing engineers.