• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.38-43
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• 2021

Permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) is suitable for use in cleanroom environments and have advantages such as high speed, high thrust, and high precision. If the stators are arranged in the entire moving path of the mover, there is a problem in that the installation cost increases. To solve this problem, discontinuous armature arrangement PMLSM has been proposed. In this case, the mover receives a greater detent force in the section where the stator is not arranged. When a large detent force occurs, it appears as a ripple component of the thrust during PMLSM operation. If the shape of the stator is changed to reduce the detent force, the characteristics of the back EMF are changed. Therefore, in this paper, the detent force and the harmonic components of back EMF were reduced through multi-purpose shape optimization. To this end, the FEA model was constructed and main effect analysis was performed on the major shape variables affecting each objective function. Then, the optimal shape that minimizes the objective function was derived through the response surface analysis method.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1187-1208
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• 2022

One of the main goals of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is to utilize the energy of sensor nodes effectively and maximize the network lifetime. Thus, this paper proposed a routing protocol for WSNs based on virtual force disturbing mobile Sink node (VFMSR). According to the number of sensor nodes in the cluster, the average energy and the centroid factor of the cluster, a new cluster head (CH) election fitness function was designed. At the same time, a hexagonal fixed-point moving trajectory model with the best radius was constructed, and the virtual force was introduced to interfere with it, so as to avoid the frequent propagation of sink node position information, and reduce the energy consumption of CH. Combined with the improved ant colony algorithm (ACA), the shortest transmission path to Sink node was constructed to reduce the energy consumption of long-distance data transmission of CHs. The simulation results showed that, compared with LEACH, EIP-LEACH, ANT-LEACH and MECA protocols, VFMSR protocol was superior to the existing routing protocols in terms of network energy consumption and network lifetime, and compared with LEACH protocol, the network lifetime was increased by more than three times.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2023

This study presents sensor system for autonomous mobile robot capable of floor-to-floor self-navigation. The robot was modified using the Turtlebot3 hardware platform and ROS2 (robot operating system 2). The robot utilized the Navigation2 package to estimate and calibrate the moving path acquiring a map with SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping). For elevator boarding, ultrasonic sensor data and threshold distance are compared to determine whether the elevator door is open. The current floor information of the elevator is determined using image processing results of the ceiling-fixed camera capturing the elevator LCD (liquid crystal display)/LED (light emitting diode). To realize seamless communication at any spot in the building, the LoRa (long-range) communication module was installed on the self-navigating autonomous mobile robot to support the robot in deciding if the elevator door is open, when to get off the elevator, and how to reach at the destination.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.71-106
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• 2018

The 19th CPC National Congress has a key historical significance in the development of China's constitution. It will also play a decisive role in the history of the seventy years'constitutional change in New China. XiJinping's new socialist thought with Chinese characteristics established in the report of 19th CPC National Congress will be written in the preface of the March 2018 National People's Congress's constitutional amendment. The fifth revision of 1982 Constitution will touch on many issues such as the leadership of the CPC into the constitution, the abolition of the tenure of the president, the constitutional oath system, and the reform of the national supervisory system. In addition, the constitutionality review system, the establishment of the National Security Council, the constitutional status of socialist public property and private property and the adjustment of major economic system has become a hot topic in the theory field. In the history node towards a socialist country ruled by law, the theory and practice of the China indeed have the academic ideas, value position and path model differences, which will delay the Chinese constitutional development, but also is the necessary pain in the process of moving towards the rule of law in China. Indeed, how to the development and where to go in the future of Chinese constitutionalism itself has sample value, which deserves rational attention and in-depth inquiry from Chinese and Western academics.

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.17-23
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• 2024

Various methods have been developed to predict the flight path of an air-launched weapon to intercept a fast-moving target in the air. However, it is also getting more challenging to predict the optimal firing zone and provide it to a pilot in real-time during engagements for advanced weapons having new complicated guidance and thrust control. In this study, a method is proposed to develop an optimized weapon engagement zone by the SCG (Scaled Conjugate Gradient) algorithm to achieve both accurate and fast estimates and provide an optimized launch display to a pilot during combat engagement. SCG algorithm is fully automated, includes no critical user-dependent parameters, and avoids an exhaustive search used repeatedly to determine the appropriate stage and size of machine learning. Compared with real data, this study showed that the development of a machine learning-based weapon aiming algorithm can provide proper output for optimum weapon launch zones that can be used for operational fighters. This study also established a process to develop one of the critical aircraft-weapon integration software, which can be commonly used for aircraft integration of air-launched weapons.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.127-136
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• 2014

When the mouth of the Nakdong River, opens its floodgate, thousands of tons of litter should flown into the South Sea, moving towards nearby coast, thus causing serious social and economic damage. For this reason, in the present study, research was performed on one certain area in northeast coast of Geoje island, which is assumed as area damaged due to rainy season and typhoon in 2012, and research for trace of movement route was implemented by using buoy to identify characteristic of movement of floating debris caused from Nakdong River. Flows related to the movement of floating debris was also identified by analyzing ocean meteorological environment. As a result of the study, total 40 tons of litter composed of grasses and trees(or plants litter) were flown into Heungnam beach on 16th, Jul which is the rainy season. Plus, the location tracking buoy, which was dropped when the typhoon SANBA was coming, was passed by southern sea of Gadeok-do and was flown into Geoje beach 1 ~ 2 days after it was dropped. The wind direction was mostly northeasterly wind around the Geoje beach at the time the buoy and floating debris were flown into northeast coast and there was common sea surface currents which was flowing into the coast.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.22-32
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• 2017

This research is to analyze the spatial information search features which shown by Eye fixation and movement and conducted eye tracking experiment for targeting sports shop spatial images which it are same but looks different. This is able to find out the eye movement feature according to placement of goods from the eye movement and movement distance of spatial visitor, and the result can be defined as following. First, the whole original-reverse left / right images have a higher number of observations in the [IN] area than in the [OUT] area. This is because after eye taking high observations in LA area of [IN] have been jump-over [OUT], performed search activities in low eye fixation without high eye fixation. Second, there was a difference in the frequency of the observation data as the composition of the images changed. The original image has been often fixed the eyes in LA area, and the one that has been observed for a long time is reverse left / right image. Also, fixation point was shown higher at the reverse left / right image as jump-over from [OUT] area to [IN] area. If LA area seen as reverse left / right image, it is located in right-hand side. The case where the dominant area is on the right side has a characteristic that the eye fixation is longer. This can be understand that the arrangement of products for attract the customer's attention in the commercial space might be more effective when it is on the right side. Third, the moving distance(IN ${\rightarrow}$ OUT) of the sight pointed to external from LA area was long in the both original-reverse left / right images, but it is no relation with search direction([IN${\rightarrow}$OUT] [IN${\rightarrow}$OUT]) of the sight. In other words, the sight that entered in LA area can be seen as visual perception activity for re-searching after big jump-over, in the case go in to outward (OUT area) after searching for more than certain time. The fact that the moving distance of eye is relatively short in the [IN ${\rightarrow}$ OUT] process considered as that the gaze that stays outside the LA area naturally enters in to LA area.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.13-21
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• 2013

Super high-rise buildings of combined use such as large shopping malls and multiplex etc. have larger parking facilities than general buildings and are characteristic of an increase in the number of the entrance and the exit connecting internal external space of the parking lot. These features cause a congestion of internal traffic by increasing car driving distance in the parking lot, and vehicle idling increases by drivers wander the parking lot in order to find parking space. In addition, they make drivers suffer from lots of difficulties due to parking including increasing their walking line after parking. Therefore, in this study, we developed individual parking information provision algorithm to specify the optimal parking place for drivers according to the purpose of visiting a building and the drivers' moving path, and selected new construction site for the second lotte world in order to evaluate the algorithm developed and performed evaluation. As a result of the evaluation, it was analyzed that in the case of applying the individual parking information provision algorithm compared to the existing parking information provision algorithm, moving distance in the parking lot decreases around 7.43~83.4%, and that in the case of $CO_2$ emission, it decreased about 47.7% on average, which indicates that the efficiency resulted from application of the individual parking information provision algorithm is very high as the application effects are tested.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1417-1425
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• 2014

The selection of morphologically normal spermatozoa is critical to obtain high breeding performances in boar breeding farms and artificial insemination (AI) centers. Parameters for the selection of semen mainly include total sperm motility, concentration, and morphology. However, these primary parameters are often not reliable for discriminating between normal and abnormal, non-fertilizable spermatozoa. The present study was designed to compare the motion characteristics, fertilization ability using in vitro fertilization (IVF), and acrosome formation of the semen from boars having low (boar number 2012) and normal (boar number 2004 and 2023) breeding performances. The ultimate goal was to identify additional simple and easy criteria for the selection of normal sperm. There was no significant difference between boar 2004 and boar 2023 sperm total motility in computer assisted sperm analysis. However, boar number 2012 semen presented a significantly reduced population of rapid moving spermatozoa and an increased population of slow moving spermatozoa compared to boar numbers 2004 and 2023. Analysis of detailed motion characteristics revealed that sperm from boar number 2012 had significantly reduced motility in progressiveness, average path velocity, straight-line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straightness, and linearity. The assessment of the fertilizing ability by IVF also showed that sperm from boar number 2012 showed a fertility rate of 3.4%, whereas sperm from boar number 2023 had a fertility rate of 75.45%. Interestingly, most of the sperm nuclei were found on the peripheral area of the oocytes, suggesting that the sperm from boar number 2012 lacked penetration ability into the oocyte zonapellucida. The acrosome formation analysis using Pisum sativum agglutinin staining demonstrated that the sperm from boar number 2012 had a defect in acrosome formation. Consequently, primary parameters for selecting semen before AI such as motility are not sufficient to select normal and fertilizable spermatozoa. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the acrosome staining and detailed motion characteristics such as progressiveness, VCL, and VSL should be included in determining semen quality together with primary parameters for successful AI and high breeding performance in the swine industry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.1527-1533
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• 2001

Garole is a prolific, rare, less known and small size Indian sheep breed found in low and humid Sunderban region of West Bengal. Although information on stored Garole ram liquid semen upto 24 h is available, but there is a need to further investigate the short-term and long-term preservability of Garole ram semen for extensive utilization of this valuable germplasm by artificial insemination. The aim of the present study was to apply computer-assisted sperm analysis technique for assessing the motion characteristics of Garole ram semen stored (i) in liquid state at refrigeration temperature for short-term preservation upto 48 h and (ii) in frozen state at $-196^{\circ}C$ for long-term preservation after packaging in mini straws. Short-term preservation had a significant effect on motility (p<0.01) as the motility progressively decreased from 90.1% at 0 h to 85.5% and 73.2% after 24 and 48 h of storage, respectively. Although the decline in rapid moving sperms was also significant (p<0.01) on storage but the decrease was more pronounced at 48 h as compared to 24 h of storage period. Storage of chilled semen had also a significant effect on % linearity (p<0.05), % straightness (p<0.01), sperm velocities (p<0.01), amplitude of lateral head displacement (p<0.01) and beat frequency (pO.Ol) of spermatozoa. The replication had a significant effect for all the variables except average path and straight line velocity. However, the interactions of short-term storage and replication were non-significant for most of the variables except % of medium moving sperms, sperm velocities and beat frequency. On long-term preservation of Garole ram spermatozoa under controlled conditions the mean post-thaw recovery of 70.4 and 71.4% motile spermatozoa was achieved having 48.8 and 48.9% of rapidly motile spermatozoa, respectively in both the replicates. The effect of replication on cryopreservation was significant (p<0.05) on amplitude of lateral head displacement and beat frequency, but there was no significant effect on motility, rapidly motile spermatozoa, linearity, straightness and sperm velocities of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. It can be concluded from these results that an average 70% motility can be achieved on storage of Garole ram semen in chilled liquid state upto 48 h or in liquid nitrogen after freezing under controlled conditions in straws. However, further studies are required to evaluate the fertility of short-term and long-term preserved Garole ram semen for extensive use of this prolific sheep breed.