• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.799-810
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• 2021

When monitoring the structural integrity of a bridge using data collected through accelerometers, identifying the profile of the load exerted on the bridge from the vehicles passing over it becomes a crucial task. In this study, the speed and location of vehicles on the deck of a bridge is reconfigured using real-time video to implicitly associate the load applied to the bridge with the response from the bridge sensors to develop an image-based deep learning network model. Instead of directly measuring the load that a moving vehicle exerts on the bridge, the intention in the proposed method is to replace the correlation between the movement of vehicles from CCTV images and the corresponding response by the bridge with a neural network model. Given the framework of an input-output-based system identification, CCTV images secured from the bridge and the acceleration measurements from a cantilevered beam are combined during the process of training the neural network model. Since in reality, structural damage cannot be induced in a bridge, the focus of the study is on identifying local changes in parameters by adding mass to a cantilevered beam in the laboratory. The study successfully identified the change in the material parameters in the beam by using the deep-learning neural network model. Also, the method correctly predicted the acceleration response of the beam. The proposed approach can be extended to the structural health monitoring of actual bridges, and its sensitivity to damage can also be improved through optimization of the network training.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.407-414
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• 2006

An X-ray diffractometer for spatially resolved X-ray diffraction measurements was developed to identify phase in the narrow (micron-scaled) region of high burn-up fuels and some nuclear materials. The micro-XRD was composed of an X-ray microbeam alignment system and a sample micro translation system instead of a normal slit and a fixed sample stage in a commercial XRD. The X-ray microbeam alignment system was fabricated with a microbeam concentrator having two Ni deposited mirrors, a vertical positioner, and a tilt table for the generation of a concentrated microbeam. The sample micro translation system was made with a sample holder and a horizontal translator, allowing movement of a specimen at $5{\mu}m$ steps. The angular intensity profile of the microbeam generated through a concentrator was symmetric and not distorted. The size of the microbeam was $4,000{\times}20{\mu}m$ and the spatial resolution of the beam was $47{\mu}m$ at the sample position. When the diffraction peaks were measured for a $UO_2$ pellet specimen by this system, the reproducibility ($2{\Theta}={\pm}0.01^{\circ}$) of the peaks was as good as a conventional X-ray diffractometer. For the cross section of oxidized titanium metal, not only $TiO_2$ in an outer layer but also TiO near an oxide-metal interface was observed.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2011

The exhibition industry, as technology-intensive, eco-friendly industry, contributes to regional and national development and enhancement of its image as well, if it joins cultural and tourist industry. Therefore, We need to revitalize the exhibition industry, as actively holding an exhibition event. However, to attract a number of exhibition audience, the work of enhancing audience satisfaction and awareness of value for participation should be prioritized after improving quality of service within exhibition hall. As one way to enhance the quality of service, it is thought that the way providing personalized service geared toward each audience is needed. that is, if audience avoids the complexity in exhibition space and it affords them service to enable effective time and space management, it will improve the satisfaction. All such personalized service affordable lets the audience's preference on the basis of each audience profile registered in advance online grasp. and Based on this information, it is provided with exhibition-related information suited their purpose that is the booth for the interesting audience, the shortest path to go to the booth and event via audience's smart phone. and it collects audience's reaction information, such as visiting the booth, participating the event through offered the information in this way and location information for the flow of movement, the present position so that it makes revision of existing each audience profile. After correcting the information, it extracts the individual's preference. hereunder, it provides recommend booth and event information. in other words, it provides optimal information for individual by amendment based on reaction information about recommending information built on basic profile. It provides personalized service dynamic and interactive with audience. This paper will be able to provide the most suitable information for each audience through circular and interactive structure and designed smart-phone application supportable for updating dynamic and interactive personalized service that is able to afford surrounding information in real time, as locating movement position through sensing. The proposed application collects user‘s context information and carrys information gathering function collecting the reaction about searched or provided information via sensing. and it also carrys information gathering function providing needed data for user in exhibition hall. In other words, it offers information about recommend booth of position foundation for user, location-based services of recommend booth and involves service providing detailed information for inside exhibition by using service of augmented reality, the map of whole exhibition as well. and it is also provided with SNS service that is able to keep information exchange besides intimacy. To provide this service, application is consisted of several module. first of all, it includes UNS identity module for sensing, and contain sensor information gathering module handling and collecting the perceived information through this module. Sensor information gathered like this transmits the information gathering server. and there is exhibition information interfacing with user and this module transmits to interesting information collection module through user's reaction besides interface. Interesting information collection module transmits collected information and If valid information out of the information gathering server that brings together sensing information and interesting information is sent to recommend server, the recommend server makes recommend information through inference with gathered valid information. If this server transmit by exhibition information process, exhibition information process module is provided with user by interface. Through this system it raises the dynamic, intelligent personalized service for user.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.6 s.101
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• pp.475-483
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate hard and soft tissue changes following the subapical osteotomy in bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion patients requiring maximal retraction adult female patients was selected. Surgical procedures were performed by the same surgeon, anterior subapical osteotomy techniques were employed on the maxilla and cephalometric radiograms were traced and superimposed using the best-fit method and two reference The results were as follows 1. The bodily movement of the maxillary anterior segment was achieved in a posterior moved posteriorly with a slight correction of the lower incisors. 2. The horizontal soft tissue measurements changed significantly after treatment, but Nt and Sn vertical soft tissue measurements indicated that Ls moved inferiorly and Li superiorly. 3. The correlation between hard and soft tissue changes indicated that ${\Delta}HId/{\Delta}HLi,\;{\Delta}HId/{\Delta}LL-Eline,\;{\Delta}Hpt.B/{\Delta}HILS,\;and\;{\Delta}UI-FH/{\Delta}NL$ were significant. 4. More lower lip relative to upper lip retraction was demonstrated in relation to Rickett's E-line. The ratio between upper lip displacement was $50\%$, and between the lower incisor and lower lip displacement was $60\%$. We conclude from the results that the anterior subapical osteotomy is an efficient treatment severe dentoalveolar protrusion and desire rapid results.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2017

Results of the analysis have revealed that the students were basically divided into three groups depending on goodness-of-fit index and latent class division factor. Type 1 was regarded as a low dependence group (50.1%) with all low indexes while Type 2 was classified as a high dependence group (10.7%) with all high indexes. As for Type 3, it was titled intermediate dependence group (39.2%) for the indexes showed a low-to-moderate movement. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was carried out to forecast smart phone dependence characteristics and as a consequence, when the high dependence group was compared to the intermediate dependence group, as self-esteem and peer attachment increased and deceased respectively, a chance of one being classified into the intermediate dependence group rose. In an investigation to compare the high dependence group with the low dependence group, it was confirmed that the greater the self-esteem, the shorter the peer socializing time, the lower the neglect degree and the lower the peer attachment, a chance for one belonging to the low dependence group increased. This study also offered implications, limits and directions in follow-up research.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.264-271
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• 2011

Purpose: This study evaluated retrospectively the postsurgical facial hard tissue profile of a Le Fort I osteotomy with/without posterior impaction and rigid internal fixation to correct mandibular prognathism. After observing a difference between the two groups, this measurement was used to prepare a treatment plan for 2-jaw surgery. Patients and Methods: Thirty patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery in Pusan National University Dental Hospital were enrolled in this study. Fifteen patients were treated using a Le Fort I osteotomy with posterior impaction and mandibular setback bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy, and the other fifteen patients were treated without posterior impaction. The preoperative (T0), immediate postoperative (T1) and six-month follow-up period (T2) cephalograms were taken and difference between T1-T0 and T2-T2 was analyzed. Results: Both groups was FH-ABp, SNB and ANB showed significant changes in the measurement, whereas only the posterior impaction group showed a change in the SN-U1, occlusal plane, posterior facial height, surgical movement difference from the L1 and B-point. There was no significant statistical change between the immediate postoperative (T1) and six-month follow-up (T2) hard tissue analysis in the two groups. Conclusion: A Le Fort I osteotomy with posterior impaction is considerable for patients with a flat occlusal plane angle, large posterior facial height, prominent B-point, pogonion and labioversed incisal inclination if the indications are well chosen.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.61-97
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• 2016

This is the second of two papers on the 3D numerical modeling of nearshore hydro- and morphodynamics. In Part I, the focus was on surf and swash zone hydrodynamics in the cross-shore and longshore directions. Here, we consider nearshore processes with an emphasis on the effects of oceanic forcing and beach characteristics on sediment transport in the cross- and longshore directions, as well as on foreshore bathymetry changes. The Delft3D and XBeach models were used with four turbulence closures (viz., ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$, ${\kappa}-L$, ATM and H-LES) to solve the 3D Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flow as well as the beach morphology. The sediment transport module simulates both bed load and suspended load transport of non-cohesive sediments. Twenty sets of numerical experiments combining nine control parameters under a range of bed characteristics and incident wave and tidal conditions were simulated. For each case, the general morphological response in shore-normal and shore-parallel directions was presented. Numerical results showed that the ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ and H-LES closure models yield similar results that are in better agreement with existing morphodynamic observations than the results of the other turbulence models. The simulations showed that wave forcing drives a sediment circulation pattern that results in bar and berm formation. However, together with wave forcing, tides modulate the predicted nearshore sediment dynamics. The combination of tides and wave action has a notable effect on longshore suspended sediment transport fluxes, relative to wave action alone. The model's ability to predict sediment transport under propagation of obliquely incident wave conditions underscores its potential for understanding the evolution of beach morphology at field scale. For example, the results of the model confirmed that the wave characteristics have a considerable effect on the cumulative erosion/deposition, cross-shore distribution of longshore sediment transport and transport rate across and along the beach face. In addition, for the same type of oceanic forcing, the beach morphology exhibits different erosive characteristics depending on grain size (e.g., foreshore profile evolution is erosive or accretive on fine or coarse sand beaches, respectively). Decreasing wave height increases the proportion of onshore to offshore fluxes, almost reaching a neutral net balance. The sediment movement increases with wave height, which is the dominant factor controlling the beach face shape.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.376-380
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• 2008

This paper presents the Projection Moire method using a line scan camera. The high resolution feature of a line scan camera makes it possible to scan an image quickly, thus enabling a much quicker 3D profile. This method uses a high resolution line scan camera making it possible to scan an image at high speed simultaneously measuring the 3D profile of a large FOV. When using a high resolution scan camera, a full FOV is scanned, thus requiring just one movement of a projection grating. As a result, the number of grating movements is reduced drastically. The end result is a faster and more accurate 3D measurement. Moving the grating too quickly causes vibration in the imaging system, which will normally be required to apply a stitching technique when using an area scan camera. However the technique is not required when using a line scan camera. Compared with the previous techniques, it has the advantages of simple hardware without moving mechanical parts - single exposure for obtaining three-dimensional information. A method using a high resolution line scan camera can be used in mass production to measure the bump height of wafers or the bump height of package substrates.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.18-30
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Ayres's sensory integration (ASI) intervention on the sensory processing ability and motor development in children with Developmental Delay. Methods : 9 children in the experimental group and 8 children in the control group participated in this study for Developmental Delay children aged 3-5 years. For research tool, the Short Sensory Profile (SSP), Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2 (PDMS-2) are used. In the experimental group, individual sensory integration therapy according to principle of ASI was performed for twice a week, 40 minutes, and 16 times for 8 weeks. Methods for the data analysis included Mann Whitney U test, Chi-square test, Wilcoxon's signed rank test, Cohen's d test of SPSS 24.0. Results : In the ASI Intervention group, the sensory processing ability showed statistically significant difference in total score, movement sensitivity, auditory filtering and low energy/weak compared to the control group without ASI intervention (p<.05). In the ASI Intervention group, the motor development showed statistically significant difference in Gross Motor Quotient, Fine Motor Quotient and Total Motor Quotient compared to the control group without ASI intervention (p<.05). Conclusions : In this study, ASI intervention had a positive effect on the sensory processing and motor development in children with Developmental Delay.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.3B
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• pp.311-319
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• 2006

A bed level change model(SED-FLUX) is introduced based on the realistic sediment transport process including bed load and suspended load behaviours at the bottom boundary layer. The model SED-FLUX includes wave module, hydrodynamic module and sediment transport and diffusion module that calculate suspended sediment concentration, net sediment erosion flux($Q_s$) and bed load flux. Bed load transport rate is evaluated by the van Rijn's TRANSPOR program which has been verified in wave-current fields. The net sediment erosion flux($Q_s$) at the bottom is evaluated as a source/sink term in the numerical sediment diffusion model where the suspended sediment concentration becomes a verification parameter of the $Q_s$. Bed level change module calculates a bed level change amount(${\Delta}h_{i,j}$) and updates a bed level. For the model verification the limit depth of the bed load transport is compared with the field experiment data and some formula on the threshold depth for the bed load movement by waves and currents. This model is applied to the beach profile changes by waves, then the model shows a clear erosion and accumulation profile according to the incident wave characteristics. Finally the beach evolution by waves and wave-induced currents behind the offshore breakwater is calculated, where the model shows a tombolo formation in the landward area of the breakwater.