• Korean Journal of Korean Medical Institute of Dermatology and Aesthetics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of the Astragalus membranaceous(AM). AM showed inhibitory effect on the tyrosinase activity using L-tyrosine as a substrate. Tyrosinase plays an important role in the process of melanin polymer biosynthesis. In vitro AM extract(1mg/ml) inhibited melanin biosynthesis and are useful for the material used in cosmetics. B16 mouse melanoma cells were cultured in different concentrations. The non-cytotoxicity of the plant extracts was confirmed by MTT assay.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.458-461
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• 2006

To determine whether the toxicity of Bacillus cereus would be seen in human cell lines and mice, we screened B. cereus B-38B, B. cereus B-50B, and B. cereus KCCM40935 for genes that coded for 5 enterotoxins using the polymerase chain reaction and cultivated them for 17 hr, by whose time they had grown to $10^7-10^8$ colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter. Cell-free supernatant was added to make up 1% of the total reaction solution. Human cells from normal lung, lung carcinoma, embryonic kidney, and cervical adenocarcinoma cell lines were grown in culture. The cytotoxicity induced by adding the reaction solution was indicated by cell death rates of 0 to 70%, depending on the bacterial strain involved and the cell line. A lethality of 20% was observed when B. cereus cultures containing $10^7-10^8$ viable cells were administrated orally to mice. Therefore, the culture of B. cereus containing $10^7-10^8$ viable cells seems to have high cytotoxicity on human cell lines and lethality on mice.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Yijungtang(YJT) on atopic dermatitis in an in-vitro and in-vivo experiment using a RBL-2H3 mast cells and a NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse. Methods: In-vitro experiment, IL-4, IL-13 mRNA expression were evaluated by a real-time PCR, IL-4, IL-13 production by ELISA and transcription factor as GATA-1, GATA-2, NF-AT1, NF-AT2, AP-1 and NF-kB by western blotting. In-vivo experiment, clinical skin score we evaluated by, hematology and Serum total IgE and IgG1 of NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, cytokine level, total number of cell, Immunohistochemical staining and Histological features of auxiliary lymph node(ALN), draining lymph node(DLN), peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) and dorsal skin tissue in NC/Nga mouse. Results: YJT decreased IL-4, IL-13 mRNA expression, IL-4, IL-13 production and prominently decreased the expression of mast cell specific transcription factors including GATA-2, NF-AT2, c-Fos and NF-kB. YJT oral administration reduced the levels of skin severity scores. It also decreased the level of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-5, IL-13, histamine and IgE in the serum. It elevated IFN-gamma level in the spleenocyte culture supernatant but decreased. $CD3e^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3e^+CD69^+$, $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$, $CCR3^+$ in the PBMCs, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3e^+CD69^+$, $B220^+CD23^+$ in the ALN, $CD4^+$, $CD3e^+CD69^+$ in the ALN and $CD4^+$, $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$ in the dorsal skin. Histological examination showed that infiltration levels of immune cells in the skin of AD-induced NC/Nga mice were much improved by YJT oral administration. Conclusions: The anti-allergic activities of YJT may be mediated by down-regulation of Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13, through the regulation GATA-2, NF-AT2 and NF-kB transcription factors in mast cells. YJT would be regulate molecular mediators and immune cells which are functionally associated with atopic dermatitis induced in NC/Nga mice, and may play an important role in recovering AD symptoms.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.870-875
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the whitening effect of mycelial culture broth of P. japonica in the mixture of cucumber and grape extracts. In the inhibition test of melanin biosynthesis of melanoma cell, B16BL6, the culture broth of P. japonica more then $50\;{\mu}l/ml$ (5%) concentration inhibited the melanin biosynthesis of the cell entirely without cytotoxicity. More then 10 days incubation of P. japonica in the mixture was required to have the inhibition activity. In vitro inhibition test of melanin biosynthesis of the culture broth of P. japonica was investigated in the concentration dependent manner of 10% to 50%. 30% concentration of the culture broth inhibited completely tyrosinase activity. In the cytotoxicity test, cucumber and grape extract itself has a strong cytotoxicity to the melanoma cell, B16Bl6. The value of $IC_{50}$ of the cucumber and grape extracts against the melanoma cells was 5% concentration. However, the culture broth of P. japonica incubated in the cucumber and grape extracts did not show the cytotoxcity up to 20% against melanoma cell, B16BL6. Therefore, we concluded that the culture broth of P. japonica in the mixture of cucumber and grape extracts can be used as a whitening cosmetic resource.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2001

Purpose : To investigate the regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle in mouse brain irradiation. Materials and Methods : 8-week old male mice, C57B1/6J were given whole body $\gamma-radiation$ with a single dose of 25 Gy using Cobalt 60 irradiator. At different times 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24hr after irradiation, mice were killed and brain tissues were collected. Apoptotic cells were scored by TUNEL assay. Expression of p53, Bcl-2, and Bax and cell cycle regulating molecules; cyclins Bl, Dl, E and cdk2, cdk4, $p34^{cdc2}$ were analysed by Western blotting. Cell cycle was analysed by Flow cytometry. Results : The peak of radiation induced apoptosis is shown at 8 hour after radiation. With a single 25 Gy irradiation, the peak of apoptotic index in C57B1/6J is $24.0{\pm}0.25$ (p<0.05) at 8 hour after radiation. Radiation upregulated the expression of p53/tubulin, Bax/tubulin, and Bcl-2/tubulin with 1.3, 1.1 and 1.45 fold increase, respectively were shown at the peak level at 8 hour after radiation. The levels of cell cycle regulating molecules after radiation are not changed significantly except cyclin D1 with 1.3 fold increase. Fractions of Go-Gl, G2-M and S phase in the cell cycle does not specific changes by time. Conclusion : In mouse brain tissue, radiation induced apoptosis is particularly shown in a specific area, subependyma. These results and lack of radiation induced changes in cell cycle ofter better understanding of radiation response of noraml brain tissue.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.72-80
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• 2009

In mammals, major progress has recently been made with the dissection of early embryonic cell specification, the isolation of stem cells from early embryos, and the production of embryonic-like stem cells from adult cells. These studies have overcome long-standing species barriers for stem cell isolation, have revealed a deeper than expected similarity of embryo cell types across species, and have led to a better understanding of the lineage identities of embryo-derived stem cells, most notably of mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) cells. Thus, it has now become possible to propose a species-overarching classification of embryo stem cells, which are defined here as pre- to early post-implantation conceptus-derived stem cell types that maintain embryonic lineage identities in vitro. The present article gives an overview of these cells and discusses their relationships with each other and the conceptus. Consequently, it is debated whether further embryo stem cell types await isolation, and the study of the earliest extraembryonically committed stem cells is identified as a promising new research field.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.62-65
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• 1996

A homologous series of twenty, hitherto unreported, analogues of 5-halosubstituted $1, 3-Bis(\omega-cyanoalkyl)uracil$acyclic nucleosides were synthesized by the series of alkylation reactions of 5-halouracils with the corresponding chloroacetonitrile, chloropropionitrile, chlorobutyronitrile and 5-chlorovaleronitrile $(Cl-(C_ 2)_n-CN: n=l, 2, 3, 4)\; in\; anhydrous\; DMSO\; (or DMF)/K_2CO_3(or NaH)\; under\; 75^{\circ}C$ temperature. Antitumor activities for the synthesized compounds were determined against three cell lines (FM-3A cell, P-388 cell and U-938 cell lines). The compounds that exhibited moderate activity to significant activity, included la-b, 2a-b, 3a-c, and 4a, whose compounds were active against P-388, FM-3A and U-937 cell lines with the compounds la, lb, and 2a, showing significant antitumor activity (inhibitory concentrations $(IC_{50})$ ranged from 2.2 to $7.0\mug/ml$). Their strucrure-activity relationship did not show any activity differences in their effective chain length (methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl) in 1, 3-bis(.omega.-cyanoalkyl) uracils.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.92-97
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• 2018

B cell leukemia/lymphoma 3 (Bcl3) plays a pivotal role in immune homeostasis, cellular proliferation, and cell survival, as a co-activator or co-repressor of transcription of the $NF-{\kappa}B$ family. Recently, it was reported that Bcl3 positively regulates pluripotency genes, including Oct4, in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). However, the role of Bcl3 in the maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal activity is not fully established. Here, we report the dynamic regulation of the proliferation, pluripotency, and self-renewal of mESCs by Bcl3 via an influence on Nanog transcriptional activity. Bcl3 expression is predominantly observed in immature mESCs, but significantly decreased during cell differentiation by LIF depletion and in mESC-derived EBs. Importantly, the knockdown of Bcl3 resulted in the loss of self-renewal ability and decreased cell proliferation. Similarly, the ectopic expression of Bcl3 also resulted in a significant reduction of proliferation, and the self-renewal of mESCs was demonstrated by alkaline phosphatase staining and clonogenic single cell-derived colony assay. We further examined that Bcl3-mediated regulation of Nanog transcriptional activity in mESCs, which indicated that Bcl3 acts as a transcriptional repressor of Nanog expression in mESCs. In conclusion, we demonstrated that a sufficient concentration of Bcl3 in mESCs plays a critical role in the maintenance of pluripotency and the self-renewal of mESCs via the regulation of Nanog transcriptional activity.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

In this study we assessed the influences of ultraviolet (UV) light B radiation on epidermal cells by apoptotic sunburn cell (SBC) and the effect of green tea treatment on the inhibition of SBC formation in SKH1-hr mouse. The extent of changes following $200mJ/cm^2$ (0.5 mW/sec) was studied at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 or 36 hours after exposure. SBCs were recognized by 3 hours after irradiation. There was tendency to increase from 3 hours to 24 hours and decrease from then to 36 hours after irradiation. The mice that received 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 or $800mJ/cm^2$ of UVB were examined 24 hours after irradiation. The SBCs were induced as the radiation dose increases from 0 to $200mJ/cm^2$. A further increase of radiation dose has little further effect. The frequency of UVB ($200mJ/cm^2$)-induced SBC formation was reduced by intraperitoneal injection of green tea extract (p<0.01).

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.238-244
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• 2010

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum and their chemical structures were identified as ${\beta}$-sitosterol (1), acetovanillone (2), p-hydroxyacetophenone (3), 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (4), 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (5), cynandione A (6), methyleugenol (7), daucosterol (8), Succinic acid (9), cynauriculoside A (10), wilfoside C3N (11), wilfoside C1N (12), wilfoside K1N (13) and wilfoside C1G (14). Among them, compounds 2-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time. And 2, 5-dihydroxyacetophenone (5) showed the most potent inhibitory effect on melanogenesis in B-16 mouse melanoma cell lines with $IC_{50}$ value of $20\;{\mu}M$.