• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2010

Objects : Glycine max Merr. (black bean), Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and Oryza sativa L. (rice bran) have been widely used for treatment of relaxion of smooth muscle, gastrointestinal hemorrhage and alopecia in Korean Traditional Medicine. In this research, we examined the effect of the extracts, obtained from EtOH extracts of 3 kinds of traditional plants, on hair growing activity of the DP6 and C3H10T1 cell and physical properties. Materials and Methods : On the basis of previous studies, three traditional plants were selected and we extracted them with ethanol. We evaluated their hairy dermal papillar cell proliferation activity and mouse mesenchymal stem cell in vitro model. Also, 3 herbal extracts were added to the normal shampoo formulation in ranges of 0.1% and we validated tensile properties and physical changes using aged hair. In this research, we compared the tensile strength, shine and color appearance between the hair (general formulation) and the hair after applying shampoo with natural extracts. To analyze the luster and color image, we use the SAMBA hardware and software made by Bossa Nova Technologies. Results : In the comparative test for tensile characteristic between the hair treated general formulation(control) and the hair applying special formulation including 3 kinds of extracts, tensile distance and energy of the latter are larger than control on average. The shine and color appearance were also increased after using shampoo including natural extracts(shine : 10.9%, color appearance: 24.12%). We observed the enhancement of hair growth activity in the DP6 and C3H10T1 cell. Especially black bean extracts had the most powerful effect in the dermal papillar cell proliferation. Conclusion : These experiments suggest that extracts of Glycine max Merr. (black bean), Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and Oryza sativa L. (rice bran) stimulate the hair growth activity and can improve physical activities of aged hair. Shampoo product, which contains 3 kinds of natural extracts, would be used for the treatment for aged hair.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2001

Objective: In muscle and neuronal cells, calcium channels have been classified by electrophysiological and pharmacological properties into (1) voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$-channel (1) P/Q-type $Ca^{2+}$-channel (2) N-type $Ca^{2+}$-channel (3) L-type $Ca^{2+}$-channel (4) T-type $Ca^{2+}$-channel (5) R-type $Ca^{2+}$-channel. The present study was done in order to investigate whether there is any difference in $Ca^{2+}$-channel distribution between activated and normally fertilized embryos. Methods: The immunocytochemical method was used to identify the existence of voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$-channels in parthenogenetically activated 2-cell embryos by ethanol and $SrCl_2$ treatment. These 2-cell embryos were obtained by exposure to 6% ethanol for 6 min and to 10 mM $SrCl_2$ for 2h. Results: P/Q-type $Ca^{2+}$-channels and L-type $Ca^{2+}$-channels have been identified. Whereas, three type of $Ca^{2+}$-channel P/Q-type, N-type, L-type have been identified in 2-cell embryos fertilized in vivo. Conclusion: Activation by ethanol was faster than those by $SrCl_2$. However, there was difference in DAB staining of the embryos between ethanol and $SrCl_2$ treatment (87.7% and 54.1 %). Intensity of staining was also different between ethanol- and $SrCl_2$-treated group. However, it has not been known why there was some difference in DAB staining and staining intensity in the present study.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.154-159
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• 2022

Protein S-glutathionylation is a reversible post-translational modification on cysteine residues forming a mixed disulfide with glutathione. S-glutathionylation, not only protects proteins from oxidation but also regulates the functions of proteins involved in various cellular signaling pathways. In this study, we developed a method for the detection of S-glutathionylated proteins (ProSSG) using eosin-glutathione (E-GSH) and mouse glutaredoxin 1 (mGrx1). ProSSG was efficiently and specifically labeled with E-GSH to form ProSSG-E via thiol-disulfide exchange. ProSSG-E was readily luminescent allowing the detection of ProSSG with semi-quantitative determination. In addition, a deglutathionylation enzyme mGrx1 specifically released E-GSH from ProSSG-E, which increased fluorescence allowing a sensitive determination of ProSSG levels. Application of the method to the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells showed specific detection of ProSSG and its increase upon differentiation induction, which was consistent with the result obtained by conventional immunoblot analysis, but with greater specificity and sensitivity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 1997.06b
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• pp.13-14
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• 1997

영지의 약리효과는 triterpenoid계의 저분자와 polysaccharide인 고분자로 대별할 수 있다. 저분자 물질은 항염증작용, 항알러지작용, 간암세포 성장 억제작용, 혈압 강하작용, 혈소판 응집저해작용 등이 있으며, 고분자 물질은 혈압강하작용, 정혈작용, 고지혈증 개선작용, 혈당 강하작용, 면역 증강작용 및 항종양작용 등이 있는 것으로 알려졌다. 현재까지의 영지에 관한 연구는 주로 자실체에 대한 연구가 주류를 이루고 있으며 이들의 산지, 환경조건, 채집시기 및 실험자들에 따라 약리 효과 등에 많은 차이가 있다. 이들에 대한 효과가 영지의 대표적 약리효과라고 언급하기엔 부족한 점이 많으므로 약리효과가 우수하고 일관성이 있는 영지 유래 다당류를 얻기 위한 방법으로서는 균사체의 대량배양법 및 분리방법이 확립 되어야만 한다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 항암활성 다당류의 개발을 위해 국내 자생 영지를 채집하여 검색 및 계통적 분류를 행하였으며 분리된 균주의 최적 액체배양 조건, 다당류 분리 조건, 다당류의 물리화학적 특성 및 약리활성 등에 관한 연구를 실시하였다. 그 중 약리활성이 우수한 G- lucidum IY009 균주를 선발 하였다. 구조적 특징과 종양 면역 활성과의 관계 규명을 위해, G- lucidum IY009 배양균사체로부터 다당류를 T-AS, U-AS, M-AS, S 및 H로 분획 하였다. 추출조건에 따른 다당류 GLG의 수율은 열수 추출 분획이 2.98g/l로 가장 높았으며, U-AS및 T-AS에서 각각 2.32g/l, 2.07g/l이었다. GLG의 특성을 조사하기 위하여 수용성과 비수용성으로 분리한 결과 수용성 분획은 비수용성 분획보다 높은 당 함량을 나타냈으며, T-AS는 70.3%의 당과 7.8%의 단백질로 구성 되었다. GLG 대부분의 분획들은 60~93%의 glucose로 구성된 다당류 이었으며, 주로 $\beta$-glucose로 구성된 다당류 이었다. 아미노산은 Asp 및 Glu의 산성 아미노산과 Ala, Leu 등의 함량이 높게 나타났으며, 비알칼리 추출물에서 Ser과 Thr의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 다당류 T-AS는 평균 분자량이 2,000 kD와 12kD에서 주 peak를 나타냈으며, 수용성 분획의 평균 분자량은 12kD이고 비수용성 분획은 36~2,000 kD의 평균 분자량 분포를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. IR과 NMR 분석 결과 890 cm-1에서 흡수 peak를 나타내어 $\beta$-(1,3)0glucan과 $\beta$-(1,6)-glucan의 구조를 갖는 다당류로 확인 되었다. T-AS 분획은 C:H:O:N의 함량비가 38.9:5.7:49.6:1.84%이며, 이 물질의 융점은 163 $^{\circ}C$로 연한 갈색을 나타낸다. 분리된 GLG의 항암활성 기전 규명을 위해, in vivo 항암실험, 항보체 활성능, 항체 생성능, serum protein 분비능, 대식세포의 탐식능과 활성능 및 세포간 물질 분비 등의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 다당류 GLG 분획물들 가운데 항보체의 활성이 높았던 분획은 sarcome 180에 대한 항암 활성이 높게 나타났다. 다당류 T-AS의 보체 활성화 기작은 classical과 alternative complement pathway의 양 경로를 통해 활성화 되었다. T-AS 분획은 mouse내의 특정 혈청단백을 증가시켰으며, 항체 생성능의 증가가 관찰되어 effect T 세포의 활성화가 나타나고 있음을 알 수 있었다. T-AS는 생체내 투여시에 대식세포의 탐식능이 증진되었으며, 대식세포 기능 저해제에 의한 대식세포의 기능 저해 현상이 회복되었다. 이와 같은 결과들로부터, T-AS의 항암 활성은 활성화된 보체 성분 및 당 수용체들이 존재하는 대식세포의 개입을 시사한다.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.173-181
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• 1993

In order to demonstrate whether ovoperoxidase hardens the zona of oocytes activated by incubating in M-S buffer supplemented with 20$\mu$M of Ca-ionophore A 23187, the effect of peroxidase inhibitors(250mM pheylhydrazine, 28mM sodilum sulfite, 350mM glycine ethyl ester and 50mM sodium azide), tyrosine analogue(12.5mM tyramine) and exogeneous peroxidase(50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml horseradishperoxidase ; HRP) on zona hardening in ionorphore-treated oocytes were investigated. The results obtained from thses experiments were summarized as follows : 1. The zona solubility (t50) of ionophore-activated and DMSO-treated oocytes at 1, 2 and 3 hr of culture were 25.0, 31.6 and 40.6min., and 9.7, 10.8 and 15.5 min., respectively. The longest time required for zona lysis of ionophore activated oocytes at 1 hr after onset of ionophore treatment. The diferences int50 for zona was significantly greater as compared to DMSO-treated controls(P<0.01). 2. The inhibition rates of hardening in the oocytes treated with the phenylhydrazine, sodium sulfite, glycine ethyl ester and sodium azide, were 23.8, 61.9, 95.2 and 23.8%l, respectively, and the tyramine, was 14.3%. Several known peroxidase inhibitors and tyrosine analogue were blocked zona hardening in ionophore activated oocytes. 3. The treatment of exogeneous peroxidase promoted the zona hardening of activated oocytes but not unactivated oocytes. These resuls indicate that the ovoperoxidase apparently catalyzes the hardening of the zona following ionophore activation of mouse oocytes.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.559-566
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• 2017

This aim of this study was to examine the immunomodulatory activities of crude polysaccharides from Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo (PCP) in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) and splenocytes. The immunomodulatory activity was determined by cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, cell surface marker expression (CD 80/86 and MHC class I/II), and cytokine production in BMDC, and cell viability, and cytokine production in splenocytes. Cell proliferation and cytokine production (tumor necrosis factor; TNF-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-12) tested in BMDC were significantly increased by PCP treatment. Additionally, the cell surface markers (CD 80/86, MHC class I/II) were highly increased by PCP treatment. For cytokine production in splenocytes, PCP treatment significantly increased the production of Th 1 cytokines [IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$], but not Th 2 cytokines (IL-4). Therefore, PCP can induce immune cell activation and is a potential candidate for the development of nutraceuticals to boost the immune system.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.411-416
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• 2013

This study aimed to examine the mechanisms underlying the effects of Garcinia cambogia extract on the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and long-chain saturated fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity of HepG2 cells. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, mouse embryonic fibroblast-adipose like cell line, were treated with MDI solution (0.5 mM IBMX, 1 ${\mu}M$ dexamethasone, 10 ${\mu}g/mL$ insulin) to generate a cellular model of adipocyte differentiation. Using this cellular model, the anti-obesity effect of Garcinia cambogia extract was evaluated. MDI-induced lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenesis-related genes were detected by Oil red O staining, Nile Red staining, and Western blot analysis. Effects Garcinia cambogia extract on palmitate-induced lipotoxicity was also analyzed by MTT assay, LDH release, and DAPI staining in HepG2 cells. Garcinia cambogia extract significantly suppressed the adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes and intracellular lipid accumulation in the differentiating adipocytes. Garcinia cambogia extract also markedly inhibited the expression of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor ${\gamma}2$ ($PPAR{\gamma}2$), CCAT/enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$), and adipocyte protein aP2 (aP2). In addition, Garcinia cambogia extract significantly attenuated palmitate-induced lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Palmitateinduced cellular damage and reactive aldehydes were also significantly reduced in the presence of Garcinia cambogia extract. These findings suggest that the Garcinia cambogia extract inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, probably by regulating the expression of multiple genes associated with adipogenesis such as $PPAR{\gamma}2$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, aP2, and thereby modulating fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity to reduce cellular injury in hepatocytes.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of White Ginseng-Ejung-tang acupuncture solution (EJ) on nitric oxide (NO) and of hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods : Cell viability was measured by modified MTT assay. NO production was measured by Griess reagent assay. Hydrogen peroxide production was measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) assay. Significant differences were examined by using a Student's t-test. Results : The results of the experiment are as follows. 1. EJ did not show cell toxicity against RAW 264.7 cells for 24 hr incubation at the concentrations of up to $200\;{\mu}g$/mL in RAW 264.7 cells. 2. EJ significantly inhibited NO production for 24 hr incubation in RAW 264.7 cells (p <0.05). 3. EJ significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of NO for 24 hr incubation in RAW 264.7 cells (p <0.05). 4. EJ significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of hydrogen peroxide for 16, 24, 40, 48, 64, and 72 hr incubation in RAW 264.7 cells (p <0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that EJ has an anti-inflammtory property related with its inhibition of NO and hydrogen peroxide production in LPS-induced macrophages.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.295-317
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• 1996

It is researched to elucidate the effects of Taeumjowuitang(TE,太陰調胃湯), Sibimikwanjungtang(SE, 十二味寬中湯) and Yangkeogsanwhatang(SY,凉膈散火湯) on the obesity induced by gold thioglucose and the differentiation and growth of preadipocyte 3T3-L1 in the mouse. The result were as follows: 1. TE,SE and SY extracts improved the blood level of transaminase in the obese mouse induced by gold thioglucose. 2. TE,SE and SY extracts inhibited the increase of liver fat and body fat in the obese mouse induced by gold thioglucose. 3. TE,SE and SY extracts inhibited the increase of body weight in the obese mouse induced by gold thioglucose. 4. TE,SE and SY extracts inhibited the growth of undifferentiate preadipocyte 3T3-L1. 5. TE,SE and SY extracts showed inhibitory effect on the differentiation of preadipocyte 3T3-L1. The above results suggest that the TE,SE and SY extracts may be used on the obesity induced by the overgrowth and differentiation of adipocyte, and the accumulation of fat in liver and body.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.313-313
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• 2022

The Smilacis chinae Radix refers to the root of Smilax chinae L distributed in mountain and filed of Korea, and it is a vine shrub in the Lilaceae family, called Berchemia berchemiaefolia, and is referred to as Smilacis chinae Radix in it's a natural medicine name. Antibacterial, inflammatory, and antioxidant activity were studied in Smilacis chinae Radix. In this study, biological activities such as antioxidant (DPPH, ABTs, TPC), cytotoxicity, wrinkle improvement, and whitening improvement to increase the utilization value of Smilacis chinae Radix and identify the botanical value. Therefore, we tried to explore the applicability of Smilacis chinae Radix as a functional cosmetic material. Smilacis chinae Radix (SCR) was dried and extracted with ethanol. In order to measure the biological activity of the SCR, antioxidant activity, inhibition activities of collagenase, tyrosinase and cell viability were measured. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity in the extract with a concentration of 400㎍/mL is 91.22% ± 0.41%%. ABTs (2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity in the extract with a concentration of 400㎍/mL is 99.60% ± 0.03%. Total polyphenol contents (TPC) are 0.203 ± 0.05 mg GAE/mg Ext when SCR was lmg/mL. And the Cell viability for HaCaT derived human keratinocyte and Raw264.7, a mouse-derived macrophage was determined using the MTT assay. When cell was treated with 100㎍/mL of SCR, HaCaT cell showed cell viability of 78.09 ± 0.1% and Raw264.7 cell showed cell viability of 91.88 ± 0.42%. From the above results, we have shown the possibility that the CSR have antioxidant ability, inhibition activity of collagenase and tyrosinase and cell safety ability which can be useful in a functional cosmetic material.