• 제목/요약/키워드: mountain order

검색결과 505건 처리시간 0.031초

The appropriate shape of the boundary transition section for a mountain-gorge terrain model in a wind tunnel test

  • Hu, Peng;Li, Yongle;Huang, Guoqing;Kang, Rui;Liao, Haili
    • Wind and Structures
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.15-36
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    • 2015
  • Characterization of wind flows over a complex terrain, especially mountain-gorge terrain (referred to as the very complex terrain with rolling mountains and deep narrow gorges), is an important issue for design and operation of long-span bridges constructed in this area. In both wind tunnel testing and numerical simulation, a transition section is often used to connect the wind tunnel floor or computational domain bottom and the boundary top of the terrain model in order to generate a smooth flow transition over the edge of the terrain model. Although the transition section plays an important role in simulation of wind field over complex terrain, an appropriate shape needs investigation. In this study, two principles for selecting an appropriate shape of boundary transition section were proposed, and a theoretical curve serving for the mountain-gorge terrain model was derived based on potential flow theory around a circular cylinder. Then a two-dimensional (2-D) simulation was used to compare the flow transition performance between the proposed curved transition section and the traditional ramp transition section in a wind tunnel. Furthermore, the wind velocity field induced by the curved transition section with an equivalent slope of $30^{\circ}$ was investigated in detail, and a parameter called the 'velocity stability factor' was defined; an analytical model for predicting the velocity stability factor was also proposed. The results show that the proposed curved transition section has a better flow transition performance compared with the traditional ramp transition section. The proposed analytical model can also adequately predict the velocity stability factor of the wind field.

외래식물의 공간분포와 토지피복간의 상관성 연구 - 전국자연환경조사 자료를 중심으로 - (Correlations between Spatial Distribution of Alien Plants and Land Cover - Focused on National Ecosystem Survey -)

  • 정태준;신현철;신영규;김명진
    • 환경영향평가
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.455-466
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    • 2013
  • The aim of this study is to seek application plans of National Ecosystem Survey database based on comparison and examination of feasible analysis methods for distribution characteristics of alien plants. In order to set up a correlation analysis method between alien plants and environmental factors, we had reviewed the 3rd National Ecosystem Survey guide book and consequently, two kinds of analysis method were tested. One was 1/25,000 scale map boundary based analysis and the other was representative mountain area based analysis. In this study we restricted the research area to select reliable surveyed database from whole "2011 National Ecosystem Survey flora database" according to two major criteria. First, an area defined by 1/25,000 scale map boundary and representative mountain area where the number of surveyed flora records should be within top 20%. Second, land cover map should also be built up inside that area. As a result, 25 map boundaries and 25 representative mountain areas were extracted to be analyzed. To limit a boundary for every representative mountain area we had analyzed distribution of environmental factors around that area by manual inspection with SPOT-5 remote sensed satellite image then designated 3km buffer zone from each alien plant location in that area. After then, naturalized index (NI) and urbanized index (UI) was calculated and correlations analysis was carried out. With the result of correlation analysis by map boundary only agricultural land area showed significant value of r (0.4~0.6, correlated) and the rest of factors did not. In the case of representative mountain area, the result showed that agricultural land, road and forest area showed significant value of r (0.6~0.8, highly correlated) which was corresponding to existing researches. Therefore, representative mountain area based method is preferable when using the alien plants database of National Ecosystem Survey for species distribution analysis. And also, considering the way of database utilization is strongly suggested at the first stage of survey planning for promoting active use of national ecosystem survey database.

조정산 도주 일가의 만주행록에 관한 재고찰 (A Reconsideration on the Records on Doju Cho Jeongsan and His Family in Manchuria, China)

  • 崔峰龍
    • 대순사상논총
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    • 제26집
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    • pp.215-253
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    • 2016
  • In 2007, according to the records, I made an on-the-spot survey of the place where Doju Cho Jeongsan and his family might have lived in exile in Manchuria and released a paper in which I decided that the site could be the Shuidongchun (village) of Luotongshanzhen in Liuhexian, Jilin Province. Thereafter, sponsored by the Doju Cho Jeongsan's Memorial Project from 2008 to 2013, many times, I carried out the field investigations and researches on Liuhexian, including the visits of the institutions which have the historical documents, in order to find the data related to the participation of him and his family in the anti-Japanese movement. I was, hence, able to reconfirm that the village had been the place of their exile, based on my collected data and the oral reports which the local historians and ethnic Korean elders had provided. In this study, using the historical documents and maps and the oral materials, I made an attempt to prove the historical truth thoroughly once again. First, the existing sources of Doju Cho and his family's settling in Manchuria from March 1909 to 1917, were carefully analyzed which were described in The Jin-gyeong. In doing so, the misspelling of the names and the spatio-temporal errors of the people's activities were corrected. Next, I researched on another town, Shuitungou of Liuhexian in Fengtian Province (in West Gando of Manchuria), which it is known that Doju and his family stayed in, and the Laogushan (mountain), which it is believed that Doju cultivated himself in. Finally, through the attempt, I reached the conclusion that Doju and his family had settled at Shuidongchun (once called Shuidonggou or Shuitongchun) of Luotongshanzhen (once called Datonggou) in Liuhexian, Jilin Province. In the Liuhexian-related documents and maps published in the eras of Republican China and Manchuria, the place name called Shuitungou was not found. However, I discovered a map in the era of Republican China on which Shuitongchun was recorded as Shuidonggou. In addition, considering the administration system of Republic China, tun(屯) and gou(溝) could not be used together in the place names. Accordingly, Shuitungou was more likely misspelled as Korean people in those days mispronounced Shuidonggou. Furthermore, people in China has habitually called the Dagushan(大孤山), located in the north of Gushanzizhen of Liuhexian, as the Laogushan(老孤山). This means that the Korean people who lived in the area then perhaps recorded the mountain as the Nogosan(老姑山), the mountain of the old goddess, according to Korean enunciation, because they had the custom of worshipping the mountain goddess. I tried my best to find the historical documents regarding Doju and his family's anti-Japanese activities to prove the location of exile in which they settled in northeastern China (Manchuria). However, I was not able to reach the initial goal completely due to the shortage of objective evidences, only to leave tasks to be solved. I hope that this study can give a little help to researchers who are interested in this matter.

국립공원 지역에 있어서 토석류 재해의 특성 분석 (Characteristics Analysis of Debris Flow Disaster in Korean National Parks)

  • 마호섭;정원옥
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.52-64
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    • 2010
  • This study was carried out to analyze the occurrence characteristics and the influence of forest environment factors on the debris flow of 3 national parks in korea. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows; The total number of debris flow occurrence was 125 areas. The average length of the debris flow scar was 144m, average width was 20m. And the average area and sediment were $2,854m^2$ and $3,959m^3$ respectively. The factors influencing the debris flow were highly occurred in Metamorphic rock, mixed forest type. And also, slope gradient was $30{\sim}35^{\circ}$, aspect was NE, altitude was over 1,000m, vertical and cross slope was concave (凹), soil depth was below 15cm, stream order was 0 order. The variables of cross slope (complex), deciduous tree, soil depth (over 46cm), cross slope (concave), mixed forest type and altitude (801~1200m) in correlation analysis were significant at 1 % level. The landslide of high mountain area highly tend to change the debris flow in stream bed of torrent. The debris flow in national parks mainly occurred in high mountain area with long ridge and steep slope.

산성비가 토양미생물에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Acid Rain in Soil Microorganism)

  • 김갑정;임진아;박성주;문형태;박경량;이인수
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.299-304
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    • 1998
  • In order to clarify the effects of acid rain on soil microorganisms, the inpact of acid to soil microorganisms was survyed for 14 weeks using soil microcosms from industrial site A and B, Gaejok mountain, and Daechong lake in Taejeon area. The acid tolerant-microorganisms in natural soil, using culturing method were counted to be 5.8 - $8.0{\times}10^6$CFU/g soil. The number of microorganisms using ATP-biomass analysis for natural soil samples were also analyzed and 2.2 - $2.6{\times}10^9$ cell/g soil in industrial site A and B, Gaejok mountain, and Daechong lake were determined. In soil samples, which were treated with artificial acid rain, the number of acid tolerant microorganisms were counted 2.9 - $5.8{\times}10^5$ and 2.8 - $7.5{\times}10^8$, respectively. Therefore, we conformed that the numver of soil microorganisms were influenced by acid rain. Also, long term acid tolerant microorganisms were identified as Rhodotorula sp. and Pseudomonas sp.

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영동 산간지역 민가의 평면 변화에 관한 고찰 - 삼척시 미로면 고천리 마을을 대상으로 - (Research on the Plan Exchange of the Vernacular Dwelling in Yong-Dong Mountain Region)

  • 이용준
    • 한국주거학회논문집
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.121-129
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    • 2008
  • This research considers the characteristics of the plan of the vernacular form of dwelling in KoCheon-Ri village, situated in the Yong-Dong mountain region. As part of this study, an analysis of local diversity is carried out. The current existing village houses in Kocheon-Ri can be categorized according to their floor structure, either as a wooden-floored or an Ondol-floored Kyup-jip(a double row house type). It was found that the wooden-flooded Kyup-jip house has been transformed into Ondol-floorded Kyup-jip due to a range of various factors. In order to clarify the characteristics of the vernacular dwelling type occurring in a particular area, it is important to determine the typical form that appears within the broader area. However, differences is also essential.

청송 청운리 마을구조와 민가특성 연구 (A Study on the Organization of the Village and the Characteristics of Folk Houses on Cheongunri in Cheong-Song)

  • 곽동엽
    • 한국주거학회논문집
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.105-114
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    • 2008
  • This study is conducted to investigate the organization of Cheongunri in Cheong-song, as well as the characteristics of folk houses. In this study, 82 folk houses, including the villages, are surveyed; among them, 15 houses are intensively analyzed in terms of the structure of plane and the arrangement of space. The focus of study is on discovering an internal order system of villages and tracing a relationship between the characteristics of houses and the environmental factors. According to the results of the study, an Intrinsic order in Cheongunri is found to be related to the mountain axis, the road system, and the flow axis; and the form of folk houses is also found to be influenced by this order. The major characteristics of folk houses can be summarized as follows: (1) Most of the houses face east along the mountain axis, whereas houses influenced by the flow axis tend to face south. (2) The side of houses tend to be open to the outside, showing external directionality. This characteristic seems to be closely related to the direction of the main gate in a house site. (3) The layout of the main quarters and the annex quarters is found to be related to the direction of the main gate in a house site. Especially, the characteristics of courtyard are found to be affected by the annex quarters. From the above results, it can be concluded that villages have an intrinsic order depending on the geographic characteristics of a surrounding natural environment, and folk houses have also changed accordingly.

풍수 형기론(形氣論)으로 본 대순진리회 금강산토성수련도장 (Daesoon Jinrihoe's Geumgangsan Toseong Training Temple Complex as Appraised through the Hyeonggi Theory in Fengshui)

  • 신영대
    • 대순사상논총
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    • 제36집
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    • pp.35-78
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    • 2020
  • 본 논문은 대순진리회 금강산토성도장을 풍수학의 형기학적인 관점에서 전반적인 풍수의 국세와 특징들을 밝히고자 하였다. 겉으로 드러난 산의 형세를 보고, 그 안에 흐르는 기의 세력을 살펴 산천에서 발생하는 기운의 강약과 후박 등을 통해 생기의 흐름을 파악하고 그에 따른 길흉을 살펴보았다. 이곳은 특히 "일만 이천의 도통군자로 창성하리라"라는 상제님의 말씀이 서려있는 곳이며, 미륵불과 도전님의 능소가 있다는 점에서 수도를 하는 사람들에게 매우 의미 있는 도장으로 알려져 있다. 이와 관련하여 풍수론에 부합한 금강산토성수련도장의 풍수적 상징성과 생왕지지에 대해 탐색하고, 그에 따른 지세와 형국, 동해의 맑은 수기가 어울린 용맥과 지맥, 금강산의 산세, 대순진리회 금강산토성수련도장의 풍수적 입지와 지세, 지맥 등을 탐색하고자 하였다. 백두대간은 금강산을 거쳐 신선봉으로 이어지고 그 중 한 줄기는 금강산토성수련도장으로 이어졌고, 다른 한 줄기는 상봉을 거쳐 미시령과 설악산으로 이어져 내려간다. 따라서 대순진리회의 여러 도장들 가운데 금강산토성수련도장을 형기풍수론을 토대로 살펴봄으로써, 대순진리회가 종교 건축물의 입지조건으로서 주위 환경과의 관계를 강력히 고려하고 있다는 사실을 풍수지리 제반 이론들을 토대로 학술적 접근을 통해 그 본의를 논증하고자 하였다. 동시에 금강산토성수련도장이 자리하고 있는 현장을 중심으로 산과 물의 흐름을 파악하고 주변의 지세가 어떤 형태로 풍수의 이치에 부합하고 있는지 전반적으로 살펴보았다. 제반 풍수이론에 근거하여 볼 때 금강산토성수련도장은 신선봉을 필두로 하여 주맥이 행도 과정에서 산줄기가 흘러내리면 물이 따라 흐르고, 물이 휘돌아 흐르는 곳에 산이 따라 이어지는 수많은 지리적 음양변화를 거치며 금강산토성수련도장으로 이어져 내렸다. 자연의 이치라 할 수 있는 산과 물의 유기적인 관계로 볼 때 때 금강산토성수련도장의 가장 두드러진 풍수적 특징은 음양합덕에 부합한 빼어난 수세와 청룡과 백호가 조화를 이룬 국세를 형성하고 있다는 점에서 전통적인 풍수이론에 부합하고 있음을 알 수 있다.

북한산 국립공원의 이용객이 야생조류에 미치는 영향 (User′s Effects on Avifauna in Bukhan Mountain National Park)

  • 김갑태;오구균;최영주
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.24-34
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    • 1987
  • 본 연구는 북한산국립공원 북한산지구의 조류실태 및 조류서식에 미치는 이용객 영향을 밝히기 위하여 실시하였다. 계곡부와 중복 산악지역의 주등산로와 부등산로지역에서 각 각 1개소씩, 총 4개 조사지를 대상으로 1987년 4월-10월 동안 매 2개월마다 line transect법으로 조류조사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 북한산지구에서 관찰된 조류는 총 34종 753개체이었으며 이중, 텃새 19종, 여름철새 11종, 나그네새 2종, 겨울철새 2종이었다. 전체적으로 우점종은 박새(22.7%)이었으며 붉은머리오목눈이(10.9%), 쇠박새(10.8%), 까치(10.0%)순으로 우점도가 높았다. 산악지역보다 계곡지역에서 종 수 및 종다양도가 높게 나타났다. 부등산로 조사지보다 이용강도가 높은 주등산로 조사지의 종 수, 개체수, 종다양성이 낮았으며 특히, 계곡부에서 이용객이 집중하는 8월에 조류감소가 현저히 나타났다. 그러나 이용강도에 따른 유사도지수변화는 없었다. 따라서 이용객이 많은 주등산로 주변의 주연부 식생의 회복 및 복구, 조류번식기에 계곡부이용객 통제 등 조류보호대책이 필요하였다.

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슬로우 투어리즘 관광객의 이용행태, 관광동기, 만족도와 행동의도간의 관계 -대구올레 팔공산 코스를 중심으로- (Relationships between the Use Behavior, Motivation, Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intentions of Slow Tourism Tourists -With Focus on Daegu Ole Palgong Mountain Courses-)

  • 나혜현;이주희
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제101권4호
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    • pp.663-676
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    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 대구올레 팔공산 코스를 방문하는 관광객들을 대상으로 슬로우 투어리즘 관광객의 인구통계적 특성 및 이용행태에 따른 관광동기의 차이, 관광동기와 만족도 간의 관계, 만족도와 행동의도와의 관계에 대해 살펴보고 이에 따른 관리적 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 연구목적 달성을 위해 대구올레 팔공산 코스를 방문하는 관광객을 대상으로 2010년 5월 8일부터 23일까지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 관광객의 인구 통계적 특성과 이용행태에 따른 관광동기의 차이검증에 있어서 부분적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 둘째, 관광동기와 전반적 만족도는 유의한 정(+)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 전반적 만족도와 재방문 의도에 있어서도 유의한 정(+)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 다양한 프로그램 개발 등의 차별화된 전략을 비롯하여 관광객 만족도 제고를 통한 재방문 유도, 잠재관광객을 대상으로 한 다양한 마케팅 활동에 많은 노력을 기울일 필요가 있음을 시사한다.