• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제22권2호통권57호
• /
• pp.129-135
• /
• 2007

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) have been analyzed to assess vertical distribution of them with different land uses. The soils were collected from three layers; surface $(0{\sim}5cm)$, intermediate $(6{\sim}10cm)$, and deep $(11{\sim}15cm)$ layer, respectively considering land use; paddy, upland, and mountain in each site. Total 89 samples of soil from 10 sites were analyzed. Overall mean of ${\sum}PAHs$ were 137 (range $8.87{\sim}625{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$), 203 (range $16.5{\sim}645{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$), and $83.4{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$ (range $6.65{\sim}667{\mu}g\;kg^{-1}$) for paddy, upland, and mountain soil, respectively. The dominant PAHs were fluoroanthene/benzo(b)fluoroanthene>pyrene>indeno(1, 2, 3-cd) pyrene in paddy, fluoroanthene/pyrene>benzo(b)fluoroanthene>chrysene in upland, and benzo(b)fluoroanthene>pyrene>chrysene in mountain soil, whereas the profile was quite similar for each other except that indeno(1, 2, 3-cd)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene are relatively higher in the paddy soils. Although the concentration gradient by depth was not observed in the paddy and upland soils because perturbation of soil layer by tillage, significant decrease was in the deep layer relative to the surface and intermediate layer. However, the concentration gradient of PAHs by soil depth was clearly shown in mountain soil without experiencing disturbance of tillage.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.207-217
• /
• 2022

We investigated the habitat distribution and diversity of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), a bioindicator for assessing environmental changes on Geumo Mountain, in survey plots at different altitudes on the southern and northern slopes of Geumo Mountain in South Korea. From April to September 2021, we collected 1,384 individuals, 41 species, and 15 families of Carabidae from the survey sites. The dominant species collected was Synuchus cycloderus (347 individuals), followed by Carabus jankowskii (193 individuals). The monthly distributions of species richness and abundance were as follows: 24 beetles of 9 species in April, 115 beetles of 28 species in May, 288 beetles of 32 species in June, peaking at 379 beetles of 32 species in July, 354 beetles of 23 species in August, and 224 beetles of 14 species in September. Additionally, we collected 305 beetles of 32 species at 400 m, 326 beetles of 31 species at 500 m, 359 beetles of 27 species at 600 m, 582 beetles of 16 species at 700 m, and 112 beetles of 7 species at 800 m near the summit. The habitat distribution by slope was 307 beetles (20 species of 8 families) on the southern slope and 1,077 beetles (34 species of 15 families) on the northern slope. For the 307 beetles of 20 species collected from the southern slope, the diversity, evenness, and dominance indices were 0.981, 0.754, and 0.156, respectively. For the 1,077 beetles of 34 species collected from the northern slope, the diversity evenness, and dominance indices were 1.187, 0.775, and 0.101, respectively.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.351-358
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 서울 강북지역 중 중구, 용산구, 성동구, 서대문구, 마포구의 5개구. 총면적 90.15$\textrm{km}^2$를 대상으로 우리나라 도시지역에서 번성하는 귀화종인 서양등골나물(Ageratina altissima)군락 분포현황 및 특성을 규명하고자 수행하였다. 연구대상지내 서양등골나물군락의 총 분포면적은 1,860,805$m^2$이었으며 남산을 포함하고 있는 용산구(23.7%)와 중구(13.7%)에 가장 넓게 분포하고 있었다. 현존식생유형별 분포현황을 살펴보면 서양등골나물군락은 아까시나무림 하부에 주로 분포하였으나 남산만은 소나무림에서 분포면적이 넓은 것이 특징이었다. 단위면적 당 분포비율은 전체지역에서는 잣나무림이 가장 높았으나 남산을 제외하면 아까시나무림과 조경수식재지가 대부분을 차지하고 있었다. 수관피복율에 따른 분포경향은 교목층과 아교목층은 수관피복률이 높아질수록 분포비율이 높았고 특히 수관피복률 50% 이상인 지역에서 분포 비율이 높았다. 경사향과의 관계에서는 전반적으로 서향에서 넓게 분포하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 서양등골나물군락은 수관형성이 양호한 서사면 아까시나무림의 하부에서 주로 분포하고 있는 것으로 분석되었고 단층구조 소나무림으로의 식생관리지역에서는 서양등골나물군락이 확산되는 것으로 분석되었다. 추후 서양등골나물군락의 생육을 억제하기 위해서는 장기적으로 아까시나무림을 자생의 다층구조 낙엽활엽수군락으로 개선하는 시도가 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.193-204
• /
• 2014

동물의 분포는 서식지선택에 영향을 받으며, 서식지의 특성과 먹이자원은 종의 생존에 중요한 요인으로 작용한다. 본 연구는 천마산에 서식하는 쇠살모사(Gloydius ussuriensis)의 분포 패턴 특성을 파악하고자 고도, 서식지 특성, 잠재적 먹이자원인 양서류의 분포에 초점을 맞추어 수행되었다. 서식하는 고도범위에서 선호하는 서식지 타입을 알아보고자 고도를 3개의 범주(저고도, 중고도, 고고도)로 분류하였고, 서식지는 수생태계의 존재 유무에 따라 분류하였다. 쇠살모사의 경우, 고도와 서식지 타입에 따른 분포 모두 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 저고도와 물이 있는 계곡에서 주로 분포하였다. 양서류의 경우도 고도와 서식지에 따라 쇠살모사와 동일한 분포패턴을 보였다. 물이 있는 계곡의 쇠살모사와 양서류에 대한 미소서식지 분석결과는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결과적으로 쇠살모사가 저고도에 위치한 물이 있는 계곡주변에서 대부분 분포하고 있었던 이유는 양서류의 분포가 그 원인으로 판단된다. 이러한 이유는 천마산에 서식하는 쇠살모사가 비교적 사냥하기 쉬운 먹이자원인 양서류를 선호했기 때문이라고 판단된다.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.33-49
• /
• 2010

Objectives: The aim of this experiment is to provide an objective differentiation of cultivated ginseng, mountain ginseng through component analysis, and to know the change of gin senoside components in the process of heating and fermentation Methods: Comparative analyses of ginsenoside $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, $Rg_1$, $Rg_3$, $Rh_1$, and $Rh_2$, from the cultivated ginseng 4 and 6 years, and mountain cultivated ginseng were conducted using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography, hereafter HPLC). And the same analyses were conducted in the process of heating and fermentation using mixed Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium lactis for 7 days. Results: The change of ginsenosides to the process of red ginseng and fermentation, cultivated ginseng and mountain cultivated ginseng were showed another results. Mountain ginseng showed a lot of change compared with cultivated ginsengs. In the 7 days of fermentation, mountain ginseng showed that ginsenoside $Rg_1$, $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, Rc, and Rd were decreased and increased ginsenoside Re, Rf, $Rg_3$ and $Rh_1$ were increased compared with cultivated ginseng Conclusions: It seemed that ginsenosides of mountain cultivated ginseng was better resolved than cultivated ginseng because the difference of structure or distribution of ginsenosides in the condition of fermentation.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물학회 1999년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
• /
• pp.127.1-127
• /
• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.460-470
• /
• 2013

덕유산 국립공원내 적상산 일대의 산지삼림식생은 전체 111개 군락이 조사되었으며, 산지낙엽활엽수림, 산지 습성림, 침엽수림, 식재림, 기타식생으로 암벽식생, 농경지 등이 조사되었다. 상관대분류에 의하여 구분된 각각의 산지삼림식생을 보면 산지낙엽활엽수림은 36개 군락으로서 대부분은 신갈나무, 굴참나무, 졸참나무군락 및 이들 종과 혼생림을 이루고 있다. 26개 군락의 산지습성림은 들메나무군락, 층층나무군락, 들메나무-층층나무군락, 층층나무-들메나무군락이 65.50% 차지하고 있어 적상산 일대 산지 계곡은 대부분이 들메나무와 층층나무에 의하여 강하게 우점되어 있음을 알 수 있다. 10개 군락의 침엽수림은 소나무군락이 63.27%로 소나무-굴참나무군락, 소나무-신갈나무군락의 14.81%, 12.23% 보다 분포 면적 비율이 높아 적상산 일대 침엽수림은 대부분이 소나무군락이 분포하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 그러나 소나무군락을 제외한 소나무-신갈나무군락과 소나무-굴참나무군락의 침엽수림대 혼효림은 천이가 진행되면 신갈나무군락으로 군락 대체가 예상되어 이 지역 일대 침엽수림의 분포 면적은 감소 할 것으로 보인다. 한편 적상산 일대의 식재림은 31개 군락이 조사되었으며 적상산 사면 저지대의 마을, 경작지, 도로와 연접된 부분에 리기다소나무, 일본잎갈나무 등이 비교적 넓은 면적에 조림되어 있어 천이의 진행과 함께 참나무속 수종으로 매우 빠르게 군락이 대체될 것으로 보인다. 결론적으로 적상산 일대의 산림식생은 신갈나무, 굴참나무, 소나무, 들메나무, 층층나무와 이들 종들과 혼생군락을 이루고 있는 군락들이 주요 군락을 형성하고 있으며, 천이 및 기후적 요인들에 의하여 산지낙엽활엽수림은 신갈나무, 산지습성림은 들메나무와 층층나무군락으로 천이가 진행 될 것으로 보인다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.157-167
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine the degree to which Small-to-Medium Enterprise (SME) owners and operators in Mountain Province were willing to take on financial risk to invest in the capital markets as a potential additional source of income, as well as the extent to which these five indicator variables-particularly their income, expenses, financial goals, liquid cash, and insurance coverage-were influenced by demographic factors. The study used a quantitative approach and employed a descriptive survey research method. The results show that the SME Owners and Operators in Mountain Province have minimal knowledge of capital market investments which makes them moderate investors with a neutral level of financial risk tolerance toward capital market investment. Their marital status, net income, and educational attainment significantly influence their financial risk tolerance level. The respondents also believe that engaging in the capital markets will grow their businesses. Further, the extent of influence of Income, Expenses, Liquid Cash, and Insurance Cover on the financial risk tolerance of the SME owners and operators in Mountain Province a great extent; thus, making them careful in investing in the capital markets, and it is primarily affected by their Net Income. Consequently, the financial goals of SME owners and operators in Mountain Province have a vital role in their financial risk tolerance level.

• 한국지형학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2016

This study intended to analyze the spatial distribution of two types of weeding song (Short Bang-a and Sangsa ryu) and how geomorphic elements influence the propagation of the songs in Chungcheongbuk-do area. The distribution of the two types of song was mapped as point data. According to the result, both types showed similar distribution pattern. In order to figure out the reason of this similarity, the distribution pattern of songs was analyzed at various scales based on geomorphic elements including river, mountain and lineament. The result showed that most of distribution pattern of songs followed the lineament direction. Also, the spatial continuity among mountain that was formed by large and small lineament in various directions could be the path of the cultural diffusion. If the lineament with same direction does not intersect other lineament that have different direction, spatial continuity would be blocked. Consequently it was confirmed that propagation of songs has not spread smoothly.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.305-311
• /
• 1997

Dermaptera was investigated, examined and reviewed in taxonomy and for distribution in Youngnam region. Based on the data, the local species groups were measured to choose priority-conservation-area by taxonomic root weighting and distribution analysis at 232 geographical conservation units. Eleven species belonging to 4 families and 8 genera were recorded mounting up to 68.75% of species diversity known in Korea. Found remarkably were the rare and endangered Challia fletcheri Burr at Sobaek Mountain National Park, and unusually Anisolabis maritima (Bonelli) in Taegu, Euborellia pallipes (Shiraki) at Island Geoje and E. plebeja (Dohrn) at Hwanho near Pohang. The highest species diversity was found at the temple Huibang area at Sobaek Mountain National Park with 8 species, which was measured also as the primary priority-conservation-area with 83.41 % of accumulated taxonomic root weighting indices in percentage. Geoje and Hwanho both measured as 12.18% of accumulated taxonomic root weighting index in percentage and complimentary to Sobaek Mountain National Park but supporting 5 and 3 species, respectively. The priority goes to the geographical conservation unit supporting higher species richness between two geographical conservation units in comparison. By the rule, the second priority-conservation-area should be Geoje and the third Hwanho. It is, thus, demonstrated how 11 species can be all conserved by choosing 3 priority-conservation-areas out of 232 geographical conservation units to maintain maximum species in minimum areas.