• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.287-291
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• 1995

Hemospermia is not an uncommon disease and may affect the sperm motility. But the research about sperm motility in hemospermia is rare. So we studied the change of sperm motility between control group and patients with hemospermia and also studied the change of sperm motility between patients with hemospermia and those whose hemospermia was improved, the change of sperm motility between control group and artificially induced hemospermia group. We observed that the sperm motility in patients with hemospermia was decreased than that of control group, and that, as hemospermia being better, sperm motility was improved. We also observed that sperm motility in artificially induced hemospermia was decreased. The results provide that hemospermia has an effect on decreasing hemospermia motility.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.56-61
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• 2005

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Baekyeum (BKE) on intestinal motility. Methods: The effects of BKE on intestinal motility at the physiological state were evaluated by determination of intestinal motility after administration of a charcoal meal. The effects of BKE on intestinal motility at cabachol-induced activated state and loperamide induced suppressed state were also evaluated by determination of intestinal motility after administration of charcoal meal. Results: BKE didn't affect the intestinal motility in physiological state, and BKE didn't affect the intestinal motility at the carbachol-induced activated state. BKE activated significantly the intestinal motility at the loperamide-induced suppressed state. Conclusions: It can be concluded that BKE is an effective herbal prescription for cancer-patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction, especially intestinal stasis.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 1993

To maintain a good sperm motility is one of the key factors for the successful artificial insemination in retrograde ejaculation, and the sperm motility has been shown to be affected by various environmental factors, including change in pH and osmolarity. Herein we have analyzed the effect of change in pH and osmolarity in urine and normal saline on sperm motility by Sperm Quality Analyzer and Makler counting chamber. Semen, which sampled by masturbation from a 28 year old male and showed normal finding on semen analysis, was used for this study. The results were as follows: 1. When osmolarity was fixed to 300mOsm, pH did not show a definite effect on the sperm moility. However, the motility was generally a bit better in alkaline urine and saline than in acid, particularly than in pH 5.0. 2. When pH was fixed to 7.5, sperm motility was best in urine and saline of 300mOsm. Hyperosmolarity had more adverse.effect on the motility than hypoosmolarity. 3. The sperm motility was worse in the urine than in saline under the same pH and osmolarity. In conclusion, osmolarity has a definite effect on sperm motility, where as pH has relatively little effect. And certain components of urine other than pH and osmolarity might affect the sperm motility.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.27-42
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of acupuncture and electro-acupuncture at $LR_3$ on intestinal motility in rat. Methods : We made over-activated state of intestinal motility with carbachol and suppressed state of intestinal motility with loperamide in rat and carried out needle retention acupuncture and high frequency electro-acupuncture at $LR_3$ in rat devided into pre-treatment group and post-treatment group. The charcoal travel rate was measured to evaluate the intestinal motility. Results : 1. High frequency electro-acupuncture at $LR_3$ have significant influences on intestinal motility of rat in normal state. 2. Pre-treatment of needle retention acupuncture, high frequency electro-acupuncture significantly decreased intestinal motility in rat which over-activated with carbachol. 3. Post-treatment of high frequency electro-acupuncture significantly increased intestinal motility in rat which suppressed with loperamide. Conclusions : These results suggest that acupuncture and electro-acupuncture at $LR_3$ are effective on intestinal motility in rat.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effects of xylazine on the motility of abomasum and proximal colon in cattle. Bipolar electrodes were implanted in the subserosa of the abomasum and colon. Electromyogram of the motility was recorded by polygraph after intramuscular administration of xylazine at the doses of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg. The mtility of abomasum was completely inhibited at 5~11 minutes after xylazine administration. However, that of the abomasum was reappeared at 15 minutes and greatly increased to supranormal motility at 41~51 minutes, then recovered to normal activity at 70~123 minutes. Meanwhile, the motility of proximal colon was completely inhibited at 3~10 minutes and reappeared at 60~150 minutes after xylazine administration, then recovered gradually to normal pattern at 240 minutes. Our data indicate that xylazine (0.1~0.2 mg/kg) affect on the abomasal motility in a biphasic manner, initial inhibition and following activation, but on the colon motility in a monophasic inhibition.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2001

Current scintigraphic tests of gastrointestinal motor function provides relevant pathophysiologic information, but their clinical utility is controversial. Many scintigraphic methods are developed to investigate gastrointestinal motility from oral cavity to colon. These are esophageal transit scintigraphy, oropharyngeal transit study, gastric emptying test, small bowel transit time measurement, colon transit study and gastroesopahgeal reflux scintigraphy. Scintigraphy of gastrointestinal tract is the most physiologic and noninvasive method to evaluate gastrointestinal motility disorders. Stomach emptying test is regarded as a gold standard in motility study. Gastrointestinal transit scintigraphy also has a certain role in assessment of drug effect to GI motility and changes alter therapy of motility disorders. Scintigraphy provides noninvasive and quantitative assessment of physiological transit throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and it is extremely useful for diagnosing gastrointestinal motor dysfunction. This article reviews the current procedures, indications, significance and guidelines for gastrointestinal motility measurements by scintigraphy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to observe the effect of acupuncture and high frequency electroacupuncture at $ST_{39}$ on intestinal motility in rats. Methods: We made over-activated state of intestinal motility with carbachol and suppressed state of intestinal motility with loperamide in rat and carried out needle retention acupuncture and high frequency electroacupuncture at $ST_{39}$ or sham point in rat divided into pre-treatment group and post-treatment group. We fed charcoal to them after the treatment and measured the travel rate of charcoal in the gastrointestinal tract to observe intestinal motility. Results : Examining intestinal motility of normal rat treated with needle retention acupuncture at $ST_{39}$ significantly suppressed intestinal motility. Pre-treatment of needle retention acupuncture significantly suppressed intestinal motility in rat which over-activated with carbachol. Pre-treatment and post-treatment of high frequency electroacupuncture significantly suppressed intestinal motility in rat which over-activated with carbachol. All of the pre-treatment and post-treatment of needle retention acupuncture, high frequency electroacupuncture showed no significant effect than control group on intestinal motility of rat which was suppressed with loperamide. Conclusions : These results suggest that acupuncture and high frequency electroacupuncture at $ST_{39}$ have preventive and therapeutic effects on over-activated intestinal motility, and high frequency electroacupuncture is more effective.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.184-195
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• 2008

We examined the role of c-FLIP in the motility of HeLa cells. A small interfering RNA (siRNA) directed against c-FLIP inhibited the adhesion and motility of the cells without affecting their growth rate. The long form of c-FLIP ($c-FLIP_L$), but not the short form ($c-FLIP_S$), enhanced adhesion and motility. Downregulation of $c-FLIP_L$ with siRNA decreased phosphorylation of FAK and ERK, while overexpression of $c-FLIP_L$ increased their phosphorylation. Overexpression of FAK activated ERK, and enhanced the motility of HeLa cells. FRNK, an inhibitory fragment of FAK, inhibited ERK and decreased motility. Inhibition of ERK also significantly suppressed $c-FLIP_L$-promoted motility. Inhibition of ROCK by Y27632 suppressed the $c-FLIP_L$-promoted motility by reducing phosphorylation of FAK and ERK. Overexpression of $c-FLIP_L$ increased the expression and secretion of MMP-9, and inhibition of MMP-9 by Ilomastat reduced $c-FLIP_L$- promoted cell motility. A caspase-like domain (amino acids 222-376) was found to be necessary for the $c-FLIP_L$-promoted cell motility. We conclude that $c-FLIP_L$ promotes the motility of HeLa cells by activating FAK and ERK, and increasing MMP-9 expression.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2004

In present study, attempts were made to preserve abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) sperm in liquid form at low temperature, to evaluate the effect of various diluents in short-term storage on sperm, and cryopreservation procedures were optimized for the cryoprotectants and freezing rates, as well as the motility, survival rate, and the ultrastructural changes of sperm after short-term storage and cryopreservation were observed. The abalone sperm reached maximum motility until about 4 min after activation. The motility was constant for about 16 min, after which it dropped gradually, and about 50 min later all motility ceased. In Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS, 300 and 400 mOsmol/kg) and 150, 250 and 350 mOsmol/k artificial seawater (ASW), the sperm was immotile. After 100% ASW was added, motility of those sperm, which are in 300, 400 mOsmol/kg HBSS, 250, 350 mOsmol/kg ASW, could be again restored incompletely. Sperm motility can be maintained for 20 days of cold storage only in ASW of 850 and 1200 mOsmol/kg. A high motility index of 3.5-4.5 was observed for the first 8 days in 850 and 950 mOsmol/kg ASW. In other diluents sperm motility was constant less than 10 days, and the motility index was obviously lower than that of sperm in 850 and 1200 mOsmol/kg ASW. After 20 days of cold storage, survival rates of 10.2%-20.7% were obtained in ASW and 300 mOsmol/kg HBSS, and that in 400 HBSS (65.3%) was significantly higher than others. The constant period of sperm motility stored in 850 mOsmol/kg ASW was obviously longer than that in 1200 mOsmol/kg ASW after 6 days of storage. The sperm plunged into liquid nitrogen all died except that sperm using 15% glycerol as cryoprotectant restored 10.4% of motility. The highest motility index (3.4) was obtained with 5% glycerol and freezing procedure: $-50^{\circ}C$/min from $20^{\circ}C$ to $-80^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.345-349
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sperm preservation according to the various kinds of commercially available semen extenders and to investigate the effect of sperm preservation according to the various temperature storages of fresh-extended porcine semen. To investigate the effect of sperm preservation according to the various kinds of commercially available semen extenders, porcine semens diluted in 3 semen extenders, Beltsville Thawing Solution(BTS), Androhep and Kiev, were cooled at $8^{\circ}C$ storage temperature with a controlled cooling rate of $2-4^{\circ}C$/h. Motility, progressive motility, normal sperm(%) and sperm morphology were assessed comparatively. In motility and progressive motility, Androhep extenders revealed better result than other extenders. In normal sperm(%) and sperm morphology, 3 semen extenders revealed similar results. To investigate the effect of sperm preservation according to the various temperature storages of fresh-extended porcine semen, porcine semens diluted in BTS extender, were cooled at 3 storage temperatures($8^{\circ}C$, $12^{\circ}C$ and $17^{\circ}C$) with a controlled cooling rate of $2-4^{\circ}C$/h. Motility, progressive motility, normal sperm(%) and sperm morphology were assessed comparatively. In motility and progressive motility, $8^{\circ}C$ treatment group revealed better result than $12^{\circ}C$ and $17^{\circ}C$ treatment groups. In normal sperm(%) and sperm morphology, 3 temperatures of treatment groups revealed similar results.