• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.200-205
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• 2008

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is activated in response to extracellular stimuli and regulates various activities in eukaryotic cells. Following exposure to stimuli, MAPK is known to be activated via dual phosphorylation at a conserved TxY motif in the activation loop; both threonine and tyrosine residues are phosphorylated by an upstream kinase. However, the mechanism underlying dual phosphorylation is not clearly understood. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Hog1 MAPK mediates the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signaling pathway. Tandem mass spectrometry and phosphospecific immunoblotting were performed to quantitatively monitor the dynamic changes occurring in the phosphorylation status of the TxY motif of Hog1 on exposure to osmotic stress. The results of our study suggest that the tyrosine residue is preferentially and dynamically phosphorylated following stimulation, and this in turn leads to the dual phosphorylation. The tyrosine residue was hyperphosphorylated in the absence of a threonine residue; this result suggests that the threonine residue is critical for the control of signaling noise and adaptation to osmotic stress.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2009

The control region of mitochondrial DNA (13516-14619) is located between srRNA and $tRNA^{lle}$ gene in swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus. The present study was investigated the genetic polymorph isms of the control region in samples of P. trituberculatus collected at coastal waters of the Yellow Sea in Korea. A total of 300 substitution and indel polymorphic sites were identified. In addition to SNPs and indel variation, a hypervariable microsatellite motif was also identified at position from 14358 to 14391, which exhibited 10 alleles including 53 different suballeles. When the hypervariable microsatellite motif was removed from the alignment, 95 haplotypes were identified (93 unique haplotypes). The nucleotide and haplotype diversities were ranged from 0.024 to 0.028 and from 0.952 to 1.000, respectively. The statistically significant evidence for geographical structure was not detected from the analyses of neighbor-joining tree and minimum-spanning network, neither. This result suggest that population of P. trituberculatus are capable of extensive gene flow among populations. We believed that the polymorph isms of the control region will be used for informative markers to study phylogenetic relationships of P. trituberculatus.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.87-89
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• 2001

The nucleotide sequence of the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori) mitochondrial (mt) control region and its flanking genes was determined from PCR clones. The control region of the silkworm mt genome was located between the small ribosomal RNA gene and transfer RN $A^{Met}$. This 499 bp control region hale 95.4% A+T content. Extensive comparative analysis studies performed with similar control region of other insect genomes could not reveal a highly conserved region containing conserved motifs of animal mito-chondrial genome. The remarkable feature that found in this control region was the presence of tandem motifs containing nine repetitive sequences. The potential usefulness of this motif sequences for Bombyx species or their taxonomically related species is enhanced by its unique localization in the maternally inheritance mitochondrial molecule.e.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.115-119
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• 1998

Pseudomonas sp. DJ77로부터 전보에서 클로닝한 pHENX7의 하류방향으로 약 3kb 정도를 포함하는 pYCS500을 클로닝하였다. PYCS500의 제한효소지도를 작성하고 부분적으로 염기서열을 분석한 결과 465 bp의 HindIII-ClaI절편에서 282 bp로 이루어진 하나의 open reading frame(ORF)을 발견하였다. phnM으로 명명된 이 ORF는 93개의 아미노산으로 구성된 polypeptide를 암호화하고 있었으며 계산된 분자량은 10,008 Da이었다. PhnM은 NahT, XylT, DmpQ, AtdS, PhlG, PhhQ, TbuW 등 plant-type ferredoxin 형태의 단백질과 37.7%-53.9%의 상동성을 나타내었으며 이들이 공통적으로 가지고 있는 motif가 일치하였다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.296-307
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• 1994

1995년 Deitall 발사체로 발사예정인 무궁화 위생을 전이궤도에서 표류궤도로 진입시키기 위해 실시하는 원지점 조정에 활용이 가능한 시뮬레이션 S/W률 VAX/VMS 에서 사용할 수 있도록 X-Window 시스템(OSF /MOTIF Graphic User Interface)을 이용하여 GUI(Graphical User Interface)를 통한 조작이 가능하도록 개발하였다. 이 S/W는 원지점 점화를 임펄스라 가정하여 조정 파라미터를 계산하는 데 필요한 데이터를 제공하는 분석모드와 상세하게 모델링된 원지점 모터를 이용하여 finite burn 적분으로 원지점 점화를 위한 조정 파라미터를 계산하는 운용모드 등 두 가지 모드를 제공한다. 또한 이 개발된 S/W를 이용하여 무궁화 위성의 궤도 전이를 위한 최척 원지점 점화에 대하여 여러가지 시나리오를 수행하고 그 결과를 분석해 보았다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2003

목적 : 허혈시 발생되는 저산소중 상태에서는 세포독성을 유발한다고 알려져 있으나 정확한 기전은 아직 규명되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 뇌허혈로 인한 세포독성의 기전을 유전자 발현을 통하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 : 본 실험에서는 BV-2 microglia 세포주에 12시간 동안의 저산소 상태에서의 유전자 발현을 분석하기 위하여 마이크로에레이를 시행하였다. 결과 : 저산소 상태에서는 정상에 비하여 cathepsin F, growth factor independent 1, calcitonin/calcitonin-related poly, leucine-rich repeat LGI family membrane, dublecortin, cyclohydrolase 1, Ia-associated invariant chain, carbohydrate kinase-like과 erythrocyte protein band 4.1-like 3 등의 유전자 발현이 3배 이상 증가하였다. 한편 neuronal guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Bcl-2-related ovarian killer protein, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5, RNA binding motif protein 3, interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain, crystallin zeta, cytochrome P450 subfamily IV B, asparagine synthetase과 moesin 등의 유전자 발현은 0.2배 이하로 감소하였다. 결론 : 이상의 결과는 저산소중에 관여하는 유전자 및 저산소중과 관련된 뇌경색 등의 질환의 기전을 밝히는데 기초적 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2008

기호학을 바탕으로 게임 공간에 나타나는 텍스트 규칙의 봉사적 관계들은 컴퓨터 게임에서도 서사적이다. 특히 본고는 지난 20여 년간 컴퓨터 그래픽 기술의 성장과 함께 모습은 변해 왔으나, 시리즈물 안에 내포된 서사가 변함없이 이어져 오고 있는 컴퓨터 게임의 스테디셀러인 "슈퍼마리오"시리즈의 최신판을 연구 대상으로 하였다. "슈퍼마리오 브라더스"게임 내의 행위주와 공간을 분석하여 게임 서사의 변형과 반복의 요소를 정리하고 그에 따른 모티프를 도출했다. 본 연구들 통해 게임 내에 나타나고 있는 상징적 모티프의 발견과 더불어 게임 공간에서 나타나는 서사적 특징을 서술하고자 한다. 컴퓨터 게임의 스테디셀러 "슈퍼마리오 브라더스"의 서사적 특징이 게임 요소의 반복, 변형의 역할과 상호 유기적으로 구성되어 있음을 고찰한 본 연구는 게임 스토리 개발의 기반 연구가 되는데 그 의의가 있다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 1999

We previously found three transcription factor-binding motifs in the rat p53 promoter. They are two recognition motifs of NF1-like protein (NF1-like element 1: -296 ~ -312, NF1-like element 2: -195 ~ -219) and a bHLH protein binding element (-142 ~ -146). In this study, we investigated the DNA-protein complex formation of the three elements with nuclear extracts from both normal and regenerating liver to find the element involved in the induced transcription of p53. The level of each DNA-protein complex on NF1-like and bHLH motifs was not changed. Instead, a new element located at -264 ~ -284 was detected in the DNase I footprinting assay with regenerating nuclear extract. This element has partial homology to the AP1 consensus motif. However, the competition studies with diverse oligonucleotides suggest that the binding protein is not AP1. An in vitro transcription assay shows that this element is important for the transcriptional activation of the rat p53 promoter. Therefore, for the induced transcription of the rat p53 promoter, the-264 ~ -284 region is required in addition to two NF1-like and one bHLH motif.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.6305-6310
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• 2012

Objectives: This study aimed to demonstrate the tyrosine phosphorylation motif (TPM) and 3' region structure of the Helicobacter pylori CagA gene as well as its SHP-2 binding activity in AGS cells and relation to gastric carcinogenesis. Methods: Sixteen clinical isolate H. pylori strains from eight duodenal ulcer and eight gastric adenocarcinoma patients were studied for CagA repeat sequence EPIYA motifs, C-terminal structure, and western blot analysis of CagA protein expression, translocation, and SHP-2 binding in AGS cells. Results: Except for strain 547, all strains from the gastric adenocarcinoma patients were positive for CagA by PCR and had three EPIYA copy motifs. Western blotting showed that all strains were positive for CagA protein expression (100%), CagA protein translocation (100%), and SHP-2 binding (100%). CagA protein expression was significantly higher in the gastric adenocarcinoma patients than in the duodenal ulcer patients (P=0.0023). CagA protein translocation and SHP-2 binding in the gastric adenocarcinoma patients were higher than those in the duodenal ulcer patients, but no significant differences were found between the two groups (P=0.59, P=0.21, respectively). Conclusions: The TPMs and 3' region structures of the H. pylori CagA gene in the duodenal ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma patients have no significant differences.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2001

The identification , characterization and quantification of Plasmodium sp. genetic polymorphism are becoming increasingly important in the vaccine development. We investigated polymorphism of Plasmodium vivax GAM-1 (PvGAM-1) gene in 30 Korean isolates. The polymorphic region of the PvGAM-1 gene, corresponding to nt 3792-4029, was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing. All of the P. viuax Korean isolates were one type of GAM-1 gene, which were identical to that of the Belem strain. It is suggested that PvGAM-1 could not be used as a genetic marker for identifying or classifying P. vivax Korean isolates. It revealed that the polymorphic pattern as acquired basically by duplication and modification or deletion event of a 33 bp-motif fragment ended by poly guanine (G) and that there were at least three complete and one partial 33 Up-motif sequences within the polymorphic region in the longest cases such as those of South Korean and Belem isolates. In addition, we clustered P. vivax isolates with parsimonious criteria on the basis of PvGAM- 1 polymorphic patterns (insertion/deletion patterns) .