• 의료법학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.323-361
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• 2009

In Korea, Abortion in the Criminal Law is an illegal act in exception of on which abortion may be carried out through the grounds are very limited and related such a emergency situation of women's physical health, rape, incest and genetic diseases. The Criminal Law regulates the mother's act of abortion and the doctor's surgical performance of abortion. The Mother and the Child Health Law prescribes the medical, ethical, and genetic grounds for the legal permission of abortion. Many people tend to abuse of abortion even though they are fully aware of its illegality. The law lead to be inconsistent with its enforcement. In this paper, I would like to suggest some proposals about the legal analysis of the Abortion Regulations th reform the existing regulation and increase th effectiveness of the regulations. Recently, in a case of the a maternity hospital where a midwife left alone a diabetes pregnancy women who had a baby, and the overweight baby(5.2Kg) died in the uterus due to hypoxic states. Supreme Court of Korea 2007.6.29. 2005do3832) had given a verdict of "not guilty". It looked like there were very fair with current crime law. But, we want this case to be investigated if there weren't any logical contradictions as well as concurrent translation within Constitution Law. Now the Mother and the Child Health Law prescribes the medical, ethical, and genetic grounds for the legal permission of abortion. But this law does not include social and economic grounds.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.81-96
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• 1995

This study was intended to provide women who are supposed to experience childbirth with effective nursing care exploring the childbirth experience. The purpose of this paper is to give an answer to the question of what the childbirth experience is, and phenomenological method has been used for that purpose. 17 primiparous mothers right after delivery in one university hospital of J city were served as subjects for this research. Data were collected June to October, 1993 through in depth interview with subjects using unstructured and open questions about the childbirth experience. Van Kaam's phenomenological analysis method was used for the analysis of the data. The results of the study are summarized as follows : The contents of the experience which primiparous mothers had undergone through childbirth were pain, fear, worry, relief, lightness, thankfulness, unsatisfactory, unreality, holiness for a new life, identifying the meaning of life, becoming a mother. 1. Experience before delivery Mothers experienced pain, fear, worry, unsatisfactory, relief, and thankfulness before delivery. Subjects' descriptions about the pain appeared to be various ; unbearable pain, bearable pain, anticipated pain. And their reactions were also various ours ; some endured pain, sought alternative method i.e., surgery, didn't want to reexperience it, or accepted it as women's fate. Subjects experienced fear for anticipated pain, suffering pain, and possible delayed delivery progress and were worried about delivery progress and baby wellbeing. Also, Subjects were unsatisfied with professionals' unfaithful attitude, their spouses' absence, and the ignorance of their pain. But subjects became relieved at the accustomed surroundings, good progress of delivery, support of family, care of professionals and support of other family. And they expressed their thanks to the professionals and family members for doing their best and also to their mothers who gave birth to them. 2. Experience after delivery Subjects experienced lightness, thankfulness, unsatisfactory, worry, unreality, holiness for a new life, identifying the meaning of life, becoming a mother after delivery. Mothers experienced lightness from the fact that it is over, and freshness right after delivery. They were thankful that they delivered vaginally and had an easy delivery. Subjects who delivered female baby were unsatisfied and some were worried about rearing the baby. By confessing, "I have no specific feeling, I am very confused, It is unrealistic, I feel strange", they expressed the unrealistic aspect of childbirth experience. Subjects felt holiness for a new life for novelty and birth of life. They identified the meaning of life from the fact that they felt worthy, fulfilled their duty, had their own baby, accomplished an important affair. After they experienced what it is to be a mother, they realized with it is being a mother and had a rearing expectation for the baby. The results of the study will provide basic data for caring the childbearing women.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1331-1339
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• 2006

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of infant massage (auditory (mother's voice), tactile/ kinesthetic (massage) and visual (eye to eye contact) stimulation) on weight and height of infant and mother-infant interaction with normal infants over a period of 4 weeks. Method. This study was designed as a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group infants (aged 2-6 months) participated in one of the infant massage programs at the health district center for 4 weeks. The control group (N=26) was paired with the experimental group (N=26) by matching the infant's age and sex. Infant weight, height, and mother-infant interaction were measured two times and recordings of the mother-infant interaction were done using the video equipment in a room at the health center for 10 minutes. Results. After 4 weeks of massage, there were no significant differences weight gain and height increase between the two groups. Comparison of the total scores for the mother-infant interaction between the two groups showed a significant difference (t=5.21, p=.000). There were also significant differences on maternal response (t=3.78, p=000), infant response (t=5.71, p=000) and dyadic response (t=4.05, p=000) in the mother-infant interaction between the two groups. Conclusion. Overall, the results of this study reassure that infant massage facilitates the mother-infant interaction for infants and mothers who give massage to their baby.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2004

Purpose: The research was conducted to investigate the experience of maternal role attainment of mothers of premature infants admitted in NICU and to conceptualize the phenomena. Method: The grounded theory method was utilized for data collection and analysis. 8 mothers of premature infants were selected and in-depth interview was performed. Paradigm model was utilized for data analysis and presentation. Result: The central category was 'unstable maternal identity'. The properties of the core phenomena was 'ambivalent feeling to baby' 'negative emotion' 'commitment to baby'. The loss of control due to premature delivery was the causal condition. contextual condition was the 'perceived threats' due to severity of the premature infant and uncerainty of the baby's life. The mother's health status, economic status, and familial and social support was recognized as intervening conditions during the process of maternal role attainment. The strategic action/interactions were emotion-focused coping, reappraisal of the situation, problem-focused coping, and information seeking. The consequence was the maternal role attainment with competence and expectation. Conclusion: The process of maternal role attainment was affected by threats due to severity of the baby and intervening factors and interaction strategy. Further research is recommended to develop adequate intervention method during the process of maternal role attainment.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.245-257
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• 1998

The characteristics of health behavior related pregnancy and childbirth have reflected on the cultural belief and value in the society. The efforts for women's health promotion through the current illumination of the traditional health care are the prompting assignment to be in nursing. The process of motherhood already progress before the motherhood actually. The functional state as the expectant mother can be the important predicting factor of the postpartum state, the quality of a married life. Motherhood was analyzed by Walker and Avant's method to clarify the concept 'to be a mother' using the various concepts like Koreans' Taekyo, transition to motherhood, maternal identity, maternal role attainment, maternal fetal attachment, and maternal fetal interaction. Upon the concept analysis, naturalness, responsibility, attachment, readiness, controllability were identified as the defining characteristics of motherhood. The antecedents of motherhood were consist of maternal affection, positive self esteem, pregnancy acceptance, fetus recognition and the consequences of motherhood were consist of positive maternal identity, maternal fetal attachment, confidence about the maternal role, the healthy mother and the healthy baby. The empirical referents of motherhood were consists of recognition of motherhood, expectation about motherhood, fetal recognition with ultrasonography and fetal movement, experience of unification between mother and fetus, expression of affection to the fetus, concern about fetal health, concern and practice about Taekyo, adaptation behavior about physical change and discomfort due to pregnancy. Therefore it is necessary to develop the instruction program of motherhood including the defining attributes identified in this study.

• 모자간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.68-79
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• 1994

This study measured variables influencing the breast feeding patterns of lactating mothers over a 40 day period In 1993 in the Jeonla area. The Methodology used was a questionnaire covering 92 items based on statistical discriminant analysis. The results were as follows : The successful group was measured against the unsuccessful group over a 4month lactation period ; The successful group was measured over a 4month lactation period ; the unsuccessful less than 4month lactation period. Principal factor analysis was used to generate comparative data factors which were ; 1) nonunderstanding of mother's breast feeding, 2) physical and psychological stress, 3) insufficient milk supply, 4) mother's negative acceptance of baby, 5) lack of spousal support, 6) sore nipple and breast pain, 7) baby's negative acceptance, 8) lack of familial support, 9) baby's diarrhea and watery milk. Discriminant statistical analysis of sever factors included ; 1) insufficient milk supply 2) sore nipple and breast pain, 3) pre-natal planning of breast feeding method, 4) mother's occupation 5) breast feeding method of previous infant, 6) nipple type, and 7) infant birth order. This analysis predicted a 78.9% successful breast feeding. Criterion correlation analysis revealed ; D=-1.780+.165$\times$(Fac3)+.135$\times$(Fac6)+.927$\times$(prenatal planning of breast feeding method)+.900$\times$(mother's occupation)+.675$\times$ (breast feeding method of previous infant)+1.0l4$\times$(nipple type)+.378$\times$(infant birth order). We classified the unsuccessful group as more than .63937 and the successful group less than -.82742 of the D value obtained from the above criterion correlation in order to check the success or the non-success of breast feeding mothers. The rate of correct classification of the grouped cases employing a statistical discriminant analysis was significantly improved to 78.9% when these cases were compared with the actual grouped classification.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to review Taegyo types, the practice of Taegyo, factors of Taegyo, and the effect of Taegyo programs in Korea. Method: This study reviewed the preceding research related to Taegyo through websites, articles, and books. Result: As a result of a review of Taegyo types, the practice of Taegyo, factors of Taegyo, and the effect of Taegyo programs through websites, articles, and books, it was summarized that pregnant women were independent people able to practice Taegyo from pre-pregnancy to childbirth for baby's health. If she practiced encouraging behaviors of Taegyo with her husband's physical, emotional, and economical support, she and her husband would easily transition to parenthood and form strong attachments with their baby. In addition, the rate of mother's postpartum depression was decreased. However, some pregnant women felt a psychological, social, and economical pressure to practice Taegyo. Conclusion: Activating organized and accessible to support systems and community networks, such as community health centers, nurses can help pregnant couples to increase self-care through the performance of Taegyo.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.62-74
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to explore bringing-up process of mothers with first baby in the context of Korean culture. The field survey was performed with four primiparae during four months from September, 2000 and grounded theory approach was used for data analysis. The results indicated that there were 27 primary categories and 12 secondary categories. Unclearness was extracted as an expression of the core category of bringing-up process. The subjects was faced with care of their baby after delivery and experienced formation and deepening of unclearness. After that, they also went through expression and disentanglement of complication caused by unclearness. It is found that the core concept of this study, the unclereness("Magmagham" in Korean) means a confusion, a burden, a helplessness and a hardness. New mothers make an effort to resolve this situation with strong motherhood in their mind. By supports from significant others, they are empowered and some mothers get depressive feelings. The findings of this study are contributed for nurses to understand new mothers in developmental crisis. We suggested that the nursing intervention strategies including learning baby care skills and preparing emotionally a motherhood must be given new mother during pregnancy period.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to determine the factors that affect the breastfeeding of late preterm infants (gestation age 34⁺⁰~36⁺⁶) in South Korea. Method: A cross-sectional and questionnaire-based survey was conducted on 178 mothers of 209 late preterm infants discharged from a university hospital. We collected data on participants' demographics, breastfeeding-related characteristics and current status of breastfeeding and analyzed them using SPSS. Results: Breastfeeding duration varied significantly according to the number of babies born (t=3.691, p<.001), birth order (F=6.416, p=.002), type of feeding planned (F=8.691, p<.001), planned breastfeeding period(F=24.779, p<.001), previous baby's breastfeeding type(F= 8.510, p<.001), previous baby's breastfeeding duration(F=10.589, p<.001). The mothers with incomes of 3-5 million won a month were less likely to continue breastfeeding than those with incomes over 5 million won (CI: 0.049-0.086: p=0.035). Conclusion: Our results are meaningful in that we revealed that mother's monthly income influenced breastfeeding continuation, first-time mothers and mothers of multiples were at risk of breastfeeding difficulties. Interventions for helping late preterm infants' mothers establish breastfeeding and maintain an adequate milk supply are vital.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.60-75
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• 1998

The parents have much expectation upon the pregnancy and child birth, and in most cases, they expect the healthy parturient child. However, we can be placed on the high-risk conditions which have the physical, social and immature infant, due to the unexpected results, among the new-born. Accordingly, these high-risk newborn and premature infants will be mostly in NICU, which the concentrated medical treatment can be given, upon their conditions. After their birth and during these periods, they will be divided from the parents, and the nurse will accomplish the bringing-up activities which they can take care of the infant, expected by the parents after their birth. The hospitalization of high-risk newborn including these premature infants is the shocking experience to the parents of family, and thus they can feel the fear and uneasiness, and these reactions of parents are troubled in the behavior at the usual days, and cause the disorder and spiritless status, and these results break the supporting ability of parents, and cause the obstruction. Also, the unavoidable division between the parents and the children as like hospitalization of children can make the parents to feel the alienation emotionally, and this causes the results which the pride on the bringing-up ability of baby gets to be lost. These problems can cause the difficulties on the bonding or the parenting in the further days, and can be related to the neglect and abuse of children. Also, it is gradually increased to study and report which the emotional division by the physical division between the mother and the baby obstructs the normal affection course between the parent and the infant. The stress caused by the birth and the hospitalization of high-risk newborn, as like this, is important in the points which it can uncertainly affect the potential energy for the relationship of parent-child who are finally healthy. Accordingly, the significance and purpose of this study are to understand the contents and degree of stress which the parents of high-risk newborn including the immature child can be experienced from the hospitalization of ICU for their new borns, and thus to offer the basic program to the nursing intervention program for these. The subject of this study is the mother of newborn in NICU of 10 General Hospitals located at the 3one of Pusan, Korea from September 1997 to October 1997, and thus makes the subject of 95 person of parents who agreed to take part in the study and it is descriptive study related to the stress of mother having the newborn in NICU. The method is based on the preceding study related to the stress of mother having the experience of child hospitalization and chronic disease child, and then acquires the advice of specialists group as like 5 nursing professors, and then is amended and supplemented. Total number of questions is 43 items and consists of 5 factors as like medical treatment &nursing procedures, disease status & prognosis, role of parents, communication & inter-personal relationships, hospital environment, and is 5 point Likert Scale. The reliability of this study method is very highly shown to be Cronbach α=0.95. The collected data is analysed as Average, Frequency, Standard Deviation, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Duncan multifulrange test by use of SPSS /PC (V7.5). The results of this study is summarized as under. 1. Every characteristics of subject is which the party of mother is 28.70age(±7.48) in the average ages, 51% in the high-school graduate, 38.5% in the christianity, total monthly income is 212.55 thousand won(±1.971), 74.5% in the housewife, 72.9% in the parents and children together living and the number of children to be 1.48person(± 0.6) in average, the recognition on the prognosis of baby is 74.0% in 'Don't know', the relationship with the husband after the hospitalization of babyis 37.3% in 'More Intimate', the relationship with the family of husband to be 48% in 'No-change', and the degree which is consulted with the husband about the baby is 55% in 'very frequently' and the visiting number per week is 4.59(±1.63) in average and the accompanying person in the time of visiting is which the number of husband is 56.3% and thus is the highest. The characteristics of baby is which the age is 21.88days(±16.47) after the birth in average, the sex to be 50 person in the female 52.1% and the order of birth to be 54.2% in the first chid, and the weight in the birth to be 2770gm(±610) and the height in the birth to be 46.26cm(±7.62) in aver age. The medical diagnosis is 37.5% in the premature infant, the career of hospitalization is 96.9% in 'None', and the operation plan is 90.6% in 'None' and the execution of operation is 88% in 'None' and the nursing of incubator is 55.2% in 'Yes', and the method of feeding is 50.5% in 'Oral' and the contents of feeding is 46.9% in the 'Milk'. 2. The total stress degree of subject is almost highly shown to be as 3.36(±0.86). If it is compared upon each cause, 'stress on disease status & prognosis' is highest 3.79(±1.28), and it is in the order of 'stress on medical treatment & nursing procedures' 3.70(±0.93), 'stress on hospital environment' 3.14(±0.86), 'stress on role of parents' 3.18(±0.92) and 'stress on communication & inter personal relationship' 2.62(± 0.77) 3. As the results of checking the notworthiness of stress degree upon each variable of subject, the variable showing the noted difference was the birth weight(γ=-0.16, P=0.04), birth height(γ=-0.23, P=0.03), nursing in the incubator(F=8.93, P=0.04), feed method(F=2.94, P=0.04). That is to say, it is shown which the smaller the birth weight is, the higher the stress degree of mother is noteworthily. Also, the smaller the birth height baby is, the higher the stress of mother is. In the incubator, it os shown which the mother whose baby is nursing in the incubator is higher in the stress degree than other mothers. Upon the feeding method of baby, that is to say, TPNis the highest, and it is shown in the order of NPO, Tube feeding, and P.O. feeding. When we review the above-mentioned results, as the status is serious, it is thought which we include the supporting nursing for coping with the stress of parents in the setting-up od nursing plan for the baby in the NICU.