• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.127-141
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• 2002

This research aims to examine the influence of facilitative communication between mother and high school daughter on daughter's perceived family cohesion, family adaptability, and satisfaction of mother's working or non-working status. In order to verify statistically the research questions above, experimental tools were made for each variable, and Cluster Sampling with Stratification was conducted among high school girls in Seoul. A total of 670 questionnaire sheets were administered to 13 high schools for girls in December 2001, and only 501 sheets were used for data analysis. The SPSS 10.0 package was used for factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis. The following results were obtained: 1) Mother-high school daughter's facilitative communication significantly influences daughter's perceived family cohesion. In general, mother-high school daughter's facilitative communication had R square of 27.6% with regards to daughter's perceived family cohesion. 2) Mother-high school daughter's facilitative communication significantly influences daughter's perceived family adaptability. In general, mother-high school daughter's facilitative communication had R square of 25.3% with regards to daughter's perceived family adaptability. 3) Mother-high school daughter's facilitative communication significantly influences daughter's perceived satisfaction of mother's working of non-working status. In general, mother-high school daughter's facilitative communication had R square of 24.0% with regards to daughter's perceived satisfaction of mother's working status, and 7.4% with regards to non-working status.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.15-37
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• 2006

In this investigation of child's psychological wellbeing and parental satisfaction with dual income family(DIF), subjects were 297 3rd and 5th grade elementary school students and their mothers. Results showed that boys and younger children were more satisfied with mother's working than girls and older children. Mothers' DIF satisfaction was dependent on gross family income, parents' occupations, working conditions of each parent, commuter marriage status, and length of time in DIF. Child's psychological wellbeing related positively to mother's parental satisfaction, and to mother's satisfaction with parental roles, parent-child relationships, spouse support and child support. Only sub factors of dilemmas in parental role related negatively to DIF status. Child's satisfaction with mother's roles, father's roles, and mother working influenced mother's parental role satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.236-242
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviors of middle school students according to their mother's employment status. Of all 453 subjects, 52.1% were boys, and 67.5% of the mothers were employed. The total score of nutritional knowledge was 8.0 out of 10 for students with a non-working mom and 7.7 for those with a working mom, showing no significant difference. Among the 20 nutritional knowledge questions, correct answer rates for "lots of fruits may be eaten because of not gaining weight" (72.6% vs. 81.6%, p<0.05) and "eating raw carrots is better than eating fried ones with oil" (34.6% vs. 44.9%, p<0.05) were significantly higher in students with a working mom. The regularity of meals showed a significant difference according to the mother's employment, indicating that responses of "very regular" (62.4% vs. 72.1%) were high among students with a non-working mom and responses of "skipping breakfast" (31.4% vs. 19.7%) were higher in students with a working mom (p<0.05). The number of snacks a day was also significantly different according to the mother's employment, showing that 12.8% of the students with a working mom and only 3.4% of them with a non-working mom did not eat snacks at all (p<0.05). These results reveal no significant difference in middle school students' nutritional knowledge according to their mother's employment status; however, the students whose mother had a job were more likely to have more undesirable dietary behaviors such as irregular meals and snacking.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.921-927
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine the nutritional knowledge and dietary habits by gender and a mother's employment status for middle school students. The subjects consisted of 423 students (212 boys and 211 girls). As for mother's employment status, 61.7% of the mothers were working, and 38.3% were housewives. The results from the analysis on differences of nutritional knowledge and dietary habits showed that girls tended to have a higher nutritional knowledge than boys (p<0.01). In terms of dietary habits, boys appeared to have more desirable eating habits than girls. As for the mother's employment status, only students whose mothers were doing housework tended to have higher nutrition knowledge and more positive dietary habits than students whose mothers were working. The influence of nutritional knowledge was found to have a significant effect on dietary habits (p<0.001). In addition, nutritional knowledge (B=0.168, p<0.01) turned out to have an influence on dietary habits, where a higher nutritional knowledge produced more positive dietary habits. Considering the results described above, nutritional knowledge appears to have a significant influence on dietary habits. Therefore, instructions on the importance of nutritionally well balanced meals must to be reinforced in nutritional education.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.21-32
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• 1997

The stdy of this study is to explore whether there is a social class difference in the relationship of mother and daughter-in-laws. The findings and summarized as follows. in the upper class the relationship of mother and daughter-in-laws seems 'fictitious one' In the middle class when her husband's occupation status is higher than his father's the relationship of mother and daughter-in-laws seems 'the relationship which is trobultesome only on daughter-in-law's behalf. When her husbands' occupation status is similar to his father's and her family is living together with in-laws and she and her mother-in=law are housewives the relationship of mother and daughter-in-laws seems 'the troublesome relationship for the both parts of mother and daughter-in-laws' In the same situation as above except the fact that the mother-in-law is housewife and daughter-in-law working the relationship between mother and daugther-in-laws seems apper to be 'interdependence' When her husband is self- mployed the daughter-in-laws keeps the interdepen-dent relationship with the mother-in-law. In the low class the relationship of mother and daughter-in-laws seems 'neglect' or 'conflicting'.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.97-118
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to provide background information to help develop family-friendly policies which aid in the ability for employees to balance family and work, and to increase the effectiveness and feasibility of these policies at work sites. We surveyed the performance and usage of work-family balance policies among working mothers with young children. We also examined the factors influencing the job satisfaction of working mothers. The study sample consisted of 237 working mothers with young children. We found that family economic status, working mother's experience of family leave or maternity leave, and easiness of policy use are important factors in a working mother's job satisfaction. Especially when individual and job characteristics are controlled, the most influential factor on working mothers' job satisfaction was the experience of family leave or maternity leave. In addition, the easiness of family-friendly policy use was a significant factor in working mothers' job-satisfaction.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.282-290
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare health promoting behavior between working and non-working mothers with infants and toddlers, and to investigate factors affecting the mothers'health promoting behavior. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted through conveniently sampled 403 women who visited the child health clinics at two public health centers. The questionnaire included the Health Promoting Life Style Profile (HPLP) and a visual analogue scale for subjective health status. ANCOVA, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple regression were conducted using SPSS ver. 21. Results: Working mothers' average HPLP score ($2.30{\pm}0.37$) was higher than non-working mother's ($2.15{\pm}0.37$). The score of the physical activity subscale was lowest among the subscales and there was a difference between the two groups. Subjective mental health status was the only predictor of working mothers'health promoting behavior, and it explained 23.2% of variance in health promoting behavior. Subjective mental health status, education, and age were the predictors of non-working mothers' health promoting behavior and they explained 27.2% of variance in health promoting behavior. Conclusion: According to the findings, both working and non-working mothers' health promoting behaviors were low. To promote mothers' health, it is necessary to develop diverse community health promotion programs to support mothers.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2009

The relations of mothers' attitudes regarding maternal employment to mothers' psychological well-being, mothers' parenting sensitivity and children's social competence were examined for mothers who worked full-time (extensively) from age 6 months of their children on, mothers who were not employed, and mothers who worked part-time or inconsistently during their children's early years. Longitudinal observations of 1,034 mothers and children in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care from age one month to first grade were analyzed using structural equation models. As predicted, mothers and children benefited when maternal attitudes were consistent with mother's actual employment status. Among extensively employed mothers, those with positive attitudes about employment had better psychological well-being; among mothers who were not employed, those who believed that maternal employment would have negative consequences for children's development reported better psychological well-being. The findings suggested that whether the mother's status of employment is congruent with their beliefs, not whether the mother is working or not, predicted the mother's well-being and their child's social development.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.87-108
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in Korean 4-year-olds' cognitive development depending on variables concerning ecological system variables, predictive influences among these variables, and different predictive patterns between working mothers and non-working mothers. The subjects consisted of 998 4-year-olds, derived from the Korean Child Panel data of 2012. The results were as follows: First, 4-year-olds' cognitive development was different depending on their sex, education level of mother and father, mothers' working status, quality of home environment, and mothers' involvement in children's life in their institution. Second, mothers' involvement in children's life in their institution, children's sex, quality of home environment, and mothers' working status predicted 4-year-olds' cognitive development. Third, there was a different pattern of predictive influence among variables according to the mothers' working status. The mothers' involvement in their children's lives in their institution and children's sex was proved to be important in both, but that was more significant in working mothers, and the quality of home environment predicted cognitive development only in working mothers. These results were discussed in terms of necessity of the Korean national policy to support young children's cognitive development efficiently, especially for working mothers.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.19-29
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore mothers' adjustments in raising children with Down syndrome and to develop a grounded theory about their adjustments. Method: Three mothers from each group of children in the ages below 7 years, 8-13 years, 14-19 years, and over 20 years participated in the study. Data were collected through an in-depth interview from twelve participants having a child with Down syndrome. Then it was analyzed simultaneously using the grounded theory method. Results: 'Adjustment of mother's expectation according to child's status' was emerged as a core category. The adjustment process was categorized into five stages: shocking, embracing, doing one's best with passion, lowering anticipation, and accepting another living. Conclusion: Being the mother of a child with Down syndrome is not considered to be a negative experience. There are positive experiences along with some more negative ones. Nurses working with families that include children with Down syndrome need to be aware of the obstacles the families will face and should advise necessary support.