• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.70-80
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• 2015

The spinal cord is highly complex, consisting of a specialized neural network that comprised both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Any kind of injury and/or insult to the spinal cord leads to a series of damaging events resulting in motor and/or sensory deficits below the level of injury. As a result, muscle paralysis (or paresis) leading to muscle atrophy or shrinking of the muscle along with changes in muscle fiber type, and contractile properties have been observed. Traditionally, histology had been used as a gold standard to characterize spinal cord injury (SCI)-induced adaptation in spinal cord and skeletal muscle. However, histology measurements is invasive and cannot be used for longitudinal analysis. Therefore, the use of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is promoted to be used as an alternative non-invasive method, which allows the repeated measurements over time and secures the safety against radiation by using radiofrequency pulse. Currently, many of pathological changes and adaptations occurring after SCI can be measured by MRI methods, specifically 3-dimensional MRI with the advanced diffusion tensor imaging technique. Both techniques have shown to be sensitive in measuring morphological and structural changes in skeletal muscle and the spinal cord.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.571-576
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• 2019

The morphological changes of anthracnose (fungus) -infected tomato seeds have been studied to identify the infection and characterize its effect. Full-field optical coherence tomography (FF-OCT) has been utilized as a nondestructive but efficient modality for visualizing the effects of fungal infection. The cross-sectional images extracted from a stack of en face FF-OCT images showed significant changes with infection in the seed structure. First of all, the seed coat disappeared with the infection. The thickness of the seed coat of a healthy seed was measured as 28.2 ㎛, with a standard deviation of 1.2 ㎛. However, for infected seeds the gap between surface and endosperm was not appreciably observed. In addition, the measurements confirmed that the dryness of seeds did not affect the internal seed structure. The reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) image revealed that the permeability of the seed coat, which plays the vital role of protecting the seed, is also affected by the infection. These results suggest that FF-OCT has good potential for the identification of fungus-infected tomato seeds, and for many other tasks in agriculture.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.249-252
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• 2015

농어목 청줄돔과에 속하는 Chaetodontoplus melanosoma 1개체 (표준 체장 123.1 mm)가 2010년 2월 24일 제주도 사계연안의 삼중자망에서 처음으로 채집되었다. 이 종은 체측에 파란색 줄무늬가 없는 대신 멜라닌 색소가 잘 발달되어 있는 점, 눈 뒤에 반점이 없는 점, 그리고 가슴지느러미 기부에 검은색 반점을 가지는 점이 특징이다. 하지만, 청줄돔이 가지는 체측의 파란줄무늬가 이 종의 등지느러미에 희미하게 남아있으며 형태적으로도 유사하기 때문에 이 미기록종의 국명을 "검은청줄돔"으로 제안한다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.443-449
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• 1988

컴퓨터 효모 동정 시스템의 하나인 NCYC의“Compass”를 이용하여 효모 동정을 실시함으로써 컴퓨터에 의한 효모 동정 시스템의 문제점 파악 및 효모 동정에 중요한 역할을 하는 분류학적 성질을 고까하기 위하여 kefir grain에서 분리된 효모 균주와 돈분 발효액에서 분리된 효모 균주 그리고 KCTC 7007 효모 균주를 사용하여 약 50여가지의 형태학적인, 생리·생화학적인 성질들을 조사하였다. 세 균주의 올바른 동정작업을 위하여 35개의 표준균주를 사용하여 결과를 문헌과 비교하였다. 미지의 세 효모 균주는 Saccharomyces exiguus, Candida edax, Candida membranaefactence로 잠정적으로 동정되었으며 컴퓨터 동정 시스템의 사용은 제한된 data의 입력 등의 이유에서 반드시 문헌적인 재래적인 동정작업이 병행되어야 하리라 본다.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2015

Morphological changes of flowers and insect visitors were observed to investigate pollinator of Caesalpinia decapetala. The flowers of C. decapetala are protandrous. Functionally, the flower is changed from male to female. As a male, pollen grain is released after anther dehisced while style is immature. After completed pollen grain release, the style starts to lengthen. It helps the stigma to easily touch the carpenter bee's thorax covered with pollen grain. At this time, flower functions as a female. The majority of taxa and individuals observed were Hymenoptera. The most frequent visitor was the Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans, carpenter bee. Carpenter bees exhibited only typical pollinator behavior among flower visitors, with touching reproductive organs and seeking nectar at the same time. The pollination behavior is as follows. Soon after carpenter bees perceived guide mark, they foraged rightward and grasped style and stamens with legs and they inserted proboscis into standard petal to seek nectar. With this behavior, the pollen grains of the male flower transfer to the ventral thorax of the carpenter bee. As the carpenter bee moves to another female flower, the deposited pollen grains are delivered to the stigma.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2015

Purpose: Machine vision-based image processing methods can be useful for estimating the fresh weight of plants. This study analyzes the ability of two different image processing methods, i.e., morphological and pixel-value analysis methods, to measure the fresh weight of lettuce grown in a closed hydroponic system. Methods: Polynomial calibration models are developed to relate the number of pixels in images of leaf areas determined by the image processing methods to actual fresh weights of lettuce measured with a digital scale. The study analyzes the ability of the machine vision- based calibration models to predict the fresh weights of lettuce. Results: The coefficients of determination (> 0.93) and standard error of prediction (SEP) values (< 5 g) generated by the two developed models imply that the image processing methods could accurately estimate the fresh weight of each lettuce plant during its growing stage. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the growing status of a lettuce plant can be estimated using leaf images and regression equations. This shows that a machine vision system installed on a plant growing bed can potentially be used to determine optimal harvest timings for efficient plant growth management.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.503-512
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• 2020

Using Na₂CO₃ versus NaCl as chemical activator, we compared the quality of activated carbon produced from oil palm fronds as raw material. These activators were selected for comparison because both are readily available and are environmentally friendly. In the manufacturing, we used Indonesian National Standard (SNI 06-3730-1995) parameters. For the quality comparison, we determined activated-carbon yield, moisture, ash, volatiles, and fixed-carbon contents; and adsorption capacity of iodine. The best characteristics, assessed by morphological surface analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis, were observed in the carbon activated by Na₂CO₃ at an activator concentration of 10% and carbonization temperature of 400 ℃. The results were as follows: activated-carbon yield, 84%; water content, 8.80%; ash content, 2.20%; volatiles content, 14.80%; fixed-carbon content, 68.60%; and adsorption capacity of iodine, 888.51 mg/g. Identification using the FTIR spectrophotometer showed the presence of the functional groups O-H, C=O, C=C, C-C, and C-H in the Na₂CO₃-activated carbon.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.124-130
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• 1996

A survey was conducted to determine the prevalance of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) on fish farms in Korea and the epidemiology of IPNV infection in the farmed rainbow trout. In total, 43 pools of rainbow trout with apparent signs of viral infection from five provinces were obtained and analyzed. Evident cytopathic effects, including karyopycnosis and cell destruction, were observed in CHSE (chinook samlmon embyro)-214 cells infected with the virus isolates. Of these, ten viral isolates were assumed to be IPNV based on biophysical properties. RNA analysis revealed that the isolates contained two-segmented RNA genomes, further indicating that the viral isolates are IPNV. Antigenic comparison of the IPNV isolates identified three distinct serological groups separable by the cross-neutralization test. Of the ten IPNV isolates, six could be classified as strain DRT, two as strain Ab, and two as strain VR299. We were not able to isolate new strain of IPNV or any isolate serologically similar to the standard strain Sp.poraceae and families of the Agaricales, they are genetically more related to the Polyporaceae. These results are consistent with morphological characters observed in those mushrooms. However, it is premature to conclude taxonomic status Ganoderma species in the present study employing small sample size.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2008

A real-time inspection system has been developed by combining CCD based image processing algorithm and a standard lighting equipment. The system was tested for defective fabrics showing nozzle contact scratch marks, which are one of the frequently occurring defects. Two algorithms used were compared according to both their processing time and detection rate. First algorithm (algorithm A) was based on morphological image processing such as dilation and opening for effective treatment of defective printing areas while second one (algorithm B) mainly employs well-defined edge detection technique based on canny detector and Zermike moment. It was concluded' that although both algorithms were quite successful, algorithm B showed relatively consistent performance than algorithm A in detecting complex patterns.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 한ㆍ영 기계번역을 위한 한국어의 품사를 분류하였고 각 품사의 형태론적 특징을 고찰하였다. 한국어 표준문법에서 제시되는 품사 분류 기준은 의미, 기능, 형태의 세 가지 기준을 적용하고 있으며, 자연언어처리에서도 같은 분류 기준을 바탕으로 하고 있다. 품사 분류에 여러 가지 기준을 적용하는 것은 문법구조 이해 및 품사 분류를 어렵게 한다. 또한 한 영 기계번역시 품사의 불일치로 전처리가 필요하다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 하나의 기준을 적용하여 품사를 분류하였다. 방법으로 한국어 표준문법에 의하여 말뭉치에 태깅하고 문제점을 찾아내며, 새로운 기준에 의하여 품사를 분류하였다. 본 논문에서 분류된 품사는 한국어 문장에서 통사적 역할이 동일하고, 영어에서의 사전 품사와 동일하며, 품사 분류의 모호성을 제거하고, 한국어의 문장 구조를 명확히 표현한다. 또한 한ㆍ영 기계번역시 패턴 매칭에 의한 목적언어 생성이 가능하게 한다.