• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.667-671
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• 2009

The use possibility as a dyestuff of Scutellaria baicalensis was investigated. The optimum conditions were evaluated when silk fabrics were dyed by Scutellaria baicalensis extract. The colorants of Scutellaria baicalensis were extracted better in water than methanol. The optical dyeing concentration was 80%(v/v), dyeing temperature was $80^{\circ}C$, dyeing time was 60minites, dyeing repetition was 2 turns. A Post-mordant method showed higher K/S value than premordant one, especially post-Fe appeared the highest value and post-Cr was second. Surface color was all Y. The color fastness was very good at the second repetition of no mordanted silk fabrics, all mordant fabrics were not improved the colorfastness. The antibacterial activity showed at Staphylococcus aureus tested specimen that bacterial reduction rate was 99.7%.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.389-394
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• 2003

Dyeing properties of silk fabric with leaf Mustard was investigated the relation with pH variation, mordants, mordant method. K/S value shows the following sequence: pH 3>pH 5>pH 7>pH 9. K/S value shows high in post mordant conditions. Silk fabric shows the green, blue tone according to mordants(Al, Cu, Fe mordants). The tannic acid treatment silk fabric shows higher than the nontannic acid treatment silk fabric in K/S value. Lighting fastness of tannic acid treatment silk fabric shows better than that of nontannic acid treatment in Cu, Fe mordants. Water fastness of tannic acid treatment silk fabric was wholly improved. Tannic acid treatment improved dyeing properties of silk fabric with leaf Mustard.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.290-298
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• 2016

In this study, the efficacy of water lily(Nymphaea tetragona) leaves as a new natural dye resource was investigated. For this purpose, the colorants from water lily leaves were extracted in methanol, evaporated, and powdered. Dyeing onto cotton fiber was carried out to study the effects of dyeing conditions, mordant type and mordanting method on dye uptake, color change, and colorfastness. FTIR analysis supported that hydrolyzable tannins and chrolophyll were contained in the extracted colorants. The colorants showed good affinity to cotton fiber showing Y Munsell color. Pre-mordanting method gave better results in terms of dye uptake than post-mordanting method. By mordanting, dyed fabrics exhibited various colors such as green, khaki, brownish yellow, dark brown, dark gray and so on. Colorfastness to washing and rubbing was relatively good showing 4-5 rating. The light fastness was improved 1-2 rating by Fe mordanting. The dyed cotton fabric showed antimicrobial activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.36
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• pp.109-119
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• 1998

For the purpose of standardization and practicability of natural dyeing, the mordanting and dyeing properties of Caseaslpinia Sappan, L. and Brazilin were studied. Appropriate extraction, dyeing and mordanting condition of Caeaslpinia Sappan, L. were determined, and the effect of mordanting method on dye up-take adn color fastness of dyed fabric was investigated. The most absorbance of Caeaslpinia Sappan, L. solution was 445nm, Brazilin was 448nm. The color of bazilin solution was affected by pH 7~9. The optimum temperature to extract Caesalpinia Sappan, L. was 10$0^{\circ}C$ adn dyeing solution for 1 hour. In case mordants concentration, the most absorbance was 0.3%. In case mordanting test, the best and proper temperature to quantities of absorbed mordants in silk was 8$0^{\circ}C$ and the most quantities of absorbed mordants in silk was mordant treatment by Cu. Effective dyeing time to silk was 60min. Effective mordanting temperature was 8$0^{\circ}C$, and its time was 30min. K/S value of dyeing fabrics was recoginazed by mordanting treat-ment, specially Fe, Sn, Al, Cu. K/S value of pre-mordanting was higher than post-mordanting. After soaping treatment K/S value of pre- and post-mordanting silk was decreased and 0.1%(W/V) quantity of mordant was sufficient for treatment. In the case of Caeaslpinia Sappan, L. fastness was increased by mordanting treatment. Mordants and mordanting treatment method affected the amount of absorption and color change of dyed silk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1301-1307
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• 2002

This paper surveys the mordanting and dyeing properties of Rubia akane Nakai appropriate extraction, dyeing and mordanting conditions of Rubia akane Nakai were determined, and the effect of mordanting method on dye uptake and color fastness of the dyed fabric was investigated. The optimum temperature to extract Rubia akane Nakai was during 1 hour in 8$0^{\circ}C$. The effective dyeing temperature and time of silk were 8$0^{\circ}C$, 1hour. The silk fabrics dyed with purpurin appeared red color, with alizarine appeared yellow-brown and with Rubia akane Nakai appeared yellow orange. K/S value of the dyeing fabrics was increased by pre-mordanting treatment. Mordant as Sn and Fe was better than anything else in K/S value. Mordanting treatment method affected color change of the dyed silk. In the case of Rubia akane Ntkai light fastness was increased by Fe and Al mordant treatment, Perspiration fastness of Rubia akane Nakai appeared more than 3 grades geneally. Fastness of abrasion and dry-cleaning appeared mon than 4～5 grades and these fastness improvement were generally effective for post-mordanting treatment.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2021

Safflower, a natural dye representing red, is the dye that materials and dyeing method are recorded in the literature, including materials and dyeing. Although the safflower is the same, the ash used as a mordant is recorded differently in each literature, which greatly affects the aesthetic perspective in realizing the traditional safflower red. Therefore, the optimal conditions for realizing the traditional safflower red were sought. The experiment was conducted by pH investigation, dyeing and color analysis by dyeing solution water, concentration, and temperature by ash, and the unique color of red was confirmed. As a result of the test, the pH point of time when the uniq ue color was expressed was 11.53 as goosefoot ash (natural bedrock water), which was 1:100 for concentration and 70℃ for temperature, which was easier to extract red pigment than other ash, indicating that it is suitable for safflower dyeing. The analysis of the ash showed that K and Si play an important role in dyeing, especially Si, which is an element that inhibits carthamon. The color of red was similar to that of KS Standard vivid purplish red in the ash of the goosefoot, and the other ash was deep purplish pink. In the light of findings, it was possible to quantify the dyeing method through traditional materials and find the standard color of red color, and it is judged to be a basic data for studying the unique color of natural materials.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.859-871
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the pigment characteristic and changes in dying conditions on the dying properties by extracting Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum using distilled water and ethanol as solvents. Changes in dying conditions include variations in dye concentrations, dyeing temperatures and time on dye uptake, and K/S Value was compared according to these changes. Additionally, color changes were observed through mordant. Ultraviolet-visible spectrum was used to investigate the pigment characteristic, and as a result, tannin was identified in distilled-water-extract, whereas berberine and chlorophyll were identified in ethanol-extract. In FT-IR analysis, tannin in distilled-water-extract was verified as hydrolyzable tannin. For ethanol extract, chlorophyll was verified through absorption band of C-H, which is aliphatic spectrum around $2920cm^{-1}$ and $2850cm^{-1}$. From GC/MS analysis, oil components as well as terpine compounds were detected in ethanol-extract, and this, in turn, brings expectation regarding functionality. When dying in silk, dye uptake increased as concentration of the extract increased, and the optimum dyeing temperature and time were $40^{\circ}C$ and 60 minutes respectively. Dyed fabrics' colors were all basically Y-series colors, and adjustment in brightness and revelation of khaki color were also available depending on the type of the mordant. Color fastness, except for washing fastness, was good in silk dyed with distilled-water-extract. Thus, it can be concluded that by selecting the right extracting method and by doing proper dyeing and mordant according to the needs, these dyed fabrics can be used as eco-friendly, functional clothing material.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.119-123
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• 2007

Dyeing properties of soybean fabrics on gromwell colorants were studied for the effect of dyeing conditions, such as colorants concentration, temperature, time and pH on the dye uptake and effect of mordants on color change, dye uptake and various colorfastness. Antimicrobial activity of soybean fabrics dyed and sim-mordanted with gromwell colorants was examined by shake flask method. Gromwell colorants showed considerably affinity to soybean fabric and its isotherm adsorption curve was Freundlich type. Therefore, it is considered that hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals force were involved in the adsorption of gromwell colorants to soybean fabric. Soybean fabrics showed R color on Al, Cu and Sn mordant, RP color on Cr and Fe mordant, but soybean fabrics showed low dye uptake depending on mordanting treatment. Light colorfastness was increased for Cr and Fe mordants. Staphylococcus aureus reduction rates were above 90% for Cr and Cu mordanted soybean fabrics, and the others were poor. Klebsiella pneumoniae reduction rates soybean fabrics did not show reduction rate hardly.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of eco-friendly leather dyeing by utilizing food wastes. Natural dyeing of eel skin was attempted using onion peels which have been used commonly for natural dyeing of textile fabrics. Eel skin is a by-product from fishery processing and is used mainly for making leather products. The colorant was extracted from onion peels in boiling water, concentrated, and freeze-dried. Dyeing of eel skin was carried out to study the effects of dyeing conditions, mordant type and mordanting method on dye uptake, color change, drape stiffness and colorfastness. The optimum dyeing conditions were $60^{\circ}C$ of dyeing temperature, 60min of dyeing time at 1:100($H_2O$ 90%: ethanol 10%) of bath ratio. The onion peels produced yellowish color on eel skin. The pre-mordanting was effective than the post-mordanting. As a result of the drape stiffness measurement, the Fe-mordanted sample was somewhat stiffer comparing to other mordanted samples. The light fastness of the non-mordant dye was excellent in 3-4 grade. Drycleaning fastness and rubbing fastness showed excellent results, but fastness was not significantly improved by mordanting.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.28-36
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine the best condition for dyeing silk in green color used kudzu-vine leaves which were available everywhere in our country except winter. Dyeing experiments were done under various dyeing conditions according to extracting method of dyebath from kudsu-vine leaves, pH of dyebath, dyeing time, concentration of dyebath and mordants which were treated after dyeing. Color difference ($\Delta$E) and Munsell's HV/C and color fastness to drycleaning, washing, perspiration and light were measured. The main results were as follows : 1. The color difference of dyed silk increased in dyebath B & C which were extracted in alkali water comparing with dyebath A which was extracted in distilled water. In dyebath B & C, the color difference was the highest in case of dyebath pH 5.0. 2. The colors of fabrics dyed in dyebath A were mainly yellow and the colors in dyebath B & C were yellow green. 3. The color differences of dyed silk increased according to dyeing time and concentration of dyebath. 4. The color were changed with the treatment of mordants. The most strong green color could get in Cu mordant treatment in dyebath C, pH 5.0, and concentration 4. 5. The peak of reflectance within the visible light of the fabric dyed in the most strong green color could be seen in $\lambda$500-520nm. 6. On the whole, the colorfastness of experimental fabrics dyed in dyebath B, C and Cu mordant treatment was good except the colorfastness to the light.