• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.114-116
• /
• 2008

Mania in psychiatry describes not only the state of temporary elation of the mood but also of the general mental function such as contents of a thought, thinking process, motivation, enthusiasm, interest, behavior, slumber and physical activities. The time of period when the above changes of mood, mental and behavioral disorder appear is called a manic episode. Postoperative mania is very rare and it has been reported only 5 times in english literature. It's an extremely rare case which has not yet been reported in Oral and Maxillofacial surgery. Patients normally deny the symptoms and it is easy to miss the diagnosis since the patient tends to seem content and happy. Patients show the following initial symptoms of mania - postoperative insomnia, atypical gregariousness, euphoria and unstability. Patients who are not disaffected with insomnia can also be included.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.233-242
• /
• 2005

'Ul-zeong' comes from obsturction of qi by stress. The mind affect the body. The patient has depressed mood, irritable sign, chest discomfort, costral pain, angry state or some strange feeling on the throat. $'Y{\acute{i}}q{\acute{i}}ngbi{\grave{a}}nq{\grave{i}}'$ is a psychological therapy that a doctor changes the patient ' s psychological condition by using various method. 'yi' means moving, 'qing' means changing. Art therapy means a therapy by using artistic activities and included in $'y{\acute{i}}q{\acute{i}}ngbi{\grave{a}}nq{\grave{i}}'$ In this case, a female patient, 35 years old, who suffered from 'ul-zeong' with depressed mood, anxiety, general body weakness, anorexia, constipation. We used $'y{\acute{i}}q{\acute{i}}ngbi{\grave{a}}nq{\grave{i}}'$ besides herbal medication, acupuncture to her and her condition got improved. Therefore we reported it for the treatment.

• Anxiety and mood
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.11-16
• /
• 2014

Objective : Despite the high prevalence and clinical importance of panic disorder, studies on the clinical characteristics and course of panic disorder are relatively rare. This study is a multi-center, and retrospective study to examine the clinical characteristics and course of Korean panic disorder patients who visit university hospital. Methods : The study subjects were panic disorder patients who had visited the psychiatric outpatient clinics of 8 university hospitals in South Korea from January to December in 2008. Finally, 238 panic patients were included in this study. Their medical charts were retrospectively reviewed and reassessed by experienced psychiatrists to examine their clinical characteristics, demographic data and clinical course in repose to pharmacotherapy. Results : Among the 238 patients (121 males vs. 117 females), the mean age of disease onset was $41.3{\pm}12.7$ years and female patients showed 5 years older age of disease onset, compared with male patients. The mean score of PSR scale was $4.5{\pm}1.0$ at the first visit, reflecting a 'marked' level of severity of illness and impairment in functioning. Only 110 patients (46.4%) completed the whole follow up visits, whereas 128 patients (53.6%) dropped out during the treatment. After $17.7{\pm}0.5$ months of mean follow up period, the mean score of PSR scale at the last visit was reduced into $2.1{\pm}0.9$, reflecting a 'residual' severity of illness and impairment in functioning. The cumulative recovery rate was 62.1% in the completer group, whereas that of the drop-out group was 47.7%. Conclusions : The mean age of disease onset in Korean panic disorder patients who had visited university hospital was about 10 years older than that of Western panic disorder patients in previous studies, and the Korean panic disorder patients who had visited university hospital showed a relatively higher cumulative recovery rate. These differences might result from an ethnic difference in clinical characteristics and course in response to pharmacotherapy of panic disorder.

• Anxiety and mood
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2008

Objective : This article is a part of the Korean Medication Algorithm Project for Panic Disorder, which aims to build consensus regarding the diagnosis, treatment response and achievement of clinical remission for patients with panic disorder in Korea. Methods : The questionnaire used in this article had parts : 1) diagnosis, 2) treatment response, and 3) remission for patients with panic disorder. The questionnaire was completed by each of 54 Korean psychiatrists who had much experience in treating patients with panic disorder. We classified the experts' opinions into 3 categories (first-line, second-line, and third-line) using the ${\chi}^2$-test. Results : Five factors were considered in this research : panic attack, anticipatory anxiety, phobic avoidance, severity of illness, and psychosocial disability. Most reviewers agreed that the presence of a panic attack was the most important factor in the diagnosis of patients with panic disorder. Phobic avoidance was included in the first-line category, whereas the severity of illness and psychosocial disability were included in the second-line category. Most reviewers also agreed that the presence of a panic attack was the most important factor in determining the appropriate treatment response, and it was included in the first-line category along with several other items. To determine remission status, the patients' scores on tests pertaining to the severity of panic attack, anticipatory anxiety, phobic avoidance, severity of illness and psychosocial disability should be less than 3.0-3.3 on a 9-point Likert scale. Conclusion : We suggest useful information for making a diagnosisof panic disorder, determining the appropriate treatment response and identifying remission in panic disorder patients on the basis of the results of a nationwide survey of experts in Korea.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.45 no.2
• /
• pp.254-263
• /
• 2021

Background: A chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model has been proposed as relevant to stress-induced behavioral change in humans. In this study, we examined the effect of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on CSDS-induced mood disorders and protein expression in an animal model. Methods: To evaluate the effect of KRG on social defeat stress, test mice were exposed in the resident aggressor's home cage compartment for 14 days beginning 1 h after KRG treatment (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, per oral (p.o.)). After the exposure, behavioral tests to measure anxiety, social interaction, and depression-like behavior were performed. To investigate the underlying mechanism, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor expression levels in CSDS-induced mice were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Results: CSDS induced anxiety-like behaviors by decreasing central activity in the open-field test and open-arm approach in the elevated plus maze test and led to social avoidance behavior in the social interaction test. CSDS mice showed upregulated NR1, NR2A, and NR2B expression in the hippocampus. KRG 20 and 40 mg/kg ameliorated anxiety-like activities and KRG 20 mg/kg alleviated social avoidance by decreasing time in the corner zone. KRG treatment recovered CSDS-induced NR1, NR2A, and NR2B protein levels in the hippocampus. Conclusion: These results indicate that KRG has a therapeutic effect on CSDS-induced mood disorder by alleviating N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor overexpression in the hippocampus.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.162-168
• /
• 2021

Objectives : Although dysfunctional breathing is a common symptom in general population and affects qualities of life, it is still underdiagnosed. There are some studies of prevalence of it in astma, but few studies in anxiety and depressive disorders. The purposes of this study were to explore the prevalence of it in anxiety and depressive disorders, and to investigate whether anxiety and depressed mood influence it. Methods : 135 patients diagnosed with anxiety or depressive disorders, and 124 controls were recruited. Nijmegen questionnaire was used to assess dysfunctional breathing, and Hospital anxiety depression scale was used. Results : The prevalence of dysfunctional breathing in anxiety or depressive disorders was higher than that in control. In the linear regression model, anxiety accounted for 59.6% of dysfunctional breathing, but depressed mood did not. With covariate adjusted for anxiety, scores of dysfunctional breathing in anxiety or depressive disorders were higher than in controls. Conclusions : Dysfunctional breathing in anxiety or depressive disorders is higher than that in control. Adjusting anxiety, its difference is still. Anxiety affects dysfunctional breathing, but depressed mood does not.

• Anxiety and mood
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate consensus relative to treatment strategies for psychosocial treatment in panic disorder, that represents one subject addressed by the Korean guidelines for treatment of panic disorder 2018. Methods : The executive committee developed questionnaires relative to treatment strategies for patients with panic disorder based on guidelines, algorithms, and clinical trials previously published in foreign countries and Korea. Seventy-two (61.0%) of 112 experts on a committee reviewing panic disorder responded to the questionnaires. We classified the consensus of expert opinions into three categories (first-line, second-line, and third-line treatment strategies), and identified treatment of choice using the Chi-square test and 95% confidence intervals. Results : For psychosocial treatment of panic disorder, individual and group cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) were recommended treatments of choice, and mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) was recommended as first line strategy. There was statistically significant consensus among experts regarding usefulness of each component of CBT and MBCT, for treatment of patients with panic disorder. Conclusion : Results, that reflect recent studies and clinical experiences, may provide the guideline for psychosocial treatment strategies for panic disorder.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study was to determine whether intervention using a multidisciplinary approach affects maternal mental health, parenting stress, and sense of parenting competence in children with feeding disorder and failure to thrive (FTT). Methods : Children with feeding disorder and FTT were randomized to the intervention group (N=11) or control group (N=8). We administered the Korean standardization of Parent Temperament Questionnaire for Children (K-PTQ) in both groups before intervention, and the Korean version of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (K-PSI-SF), Korean version of the Parenting Sense of Competence (K-PSOC), Korean version of the Beck's Depression Inventory (K-BDI), Korean version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (K-BAI), and Korean version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (K-MDQ) in both groups before and after the intervention. Results : In the intervention group, the K-BDI (p=.068), K-BAI (p=.068), and K-MDQ (p=.066) scores tended to show a decline, the K-PSI-SF scores for stress related to child learning showed a significant decline, and the K-PSOC scores for sense of parenting competence showed significant improvement. However, no significant changes were observed in the control group. Conclusion : Use of a multidisciplinary approach improved maternal mental health, parenting stress, and sense of competence. Comparison of these results with those of normal control will be necessary in a future study.

• Anxiety and mood
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.100-107
• /
• 2017

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate strategies used to cope with stress and the cognitive characteristics of somatic symptom perception in patients with generalized anxiety disorder(GAD). Methods : A total of 55 patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for GAD and 55 normal controls were recruited for participation in this study. We evaluated subjects using The Way of Stress Coping Questionnaire (SCQ), Somato-Sensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), Symptom Interpretation Questionnaire (SIQ), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder for 7 Item (GAD-7). We analyzed data using an independent t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results : In terms of SCQ, GAD patients presented significantly lower scores on seeking social support and higher scores on wishful thinking than normal controls. GAD patients had significantly greater amplification of physical sensation in SSAS and higher scores in physical, psychological interpretation subsets of SIQ than normal controls. GAD-7 scores were positively correlated with physical interpretation scores on SIQ. Conclusion : Results reveal that patients with GAD have insufficient coping strategies for stress, greater amplification of body sensations, and tendency towards a physical, psychological interpretation of somatic symptoms.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.8-17
• /
• 2006

Neurofeedback, also known as EEG biofeedback or neurotherapy, is a new therapy differentiated from biofeedback in that brain waves are monitored to study brain itself as well as its functions. Needless to say, it has originated from biofeedback, however it has established itself as an independent and specialized therapy in the field of neurotherapy. In order to have a better understanding of neurofeedback we are going to have a look into its historical and theoretical background first and then we will explain how it can be used clinically. Neurofeedback was clinically introduced for epilepsy for the first time and its effect was proved. Since then it has been used successfully for a number of psychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), anxiety, anxiety and mood disorder, sleep disorder, substance dependency, etc. Furthermore, it has been used for non-psychiatric or psychosomatic symptoms, such as headache, chronic pains, chronic fatigue symptoms, etc. Recently, it has been also used for non-medical areas, such as improvement of peak performance for sports and art activities, enhancement of cognitive function, etc, making the neurofeedback a very promising field for its potential and effectiveness.