• 수완나부미
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.157-186
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• 2015

Sittaung-Thanlwin region in Lower Myanmar is an ecological niche for human settlement. Evidences of human activities in the region are seen through various archaeological sites or settlements along the coastal area between the rivers Sittaung and Thanlwin (Salween). In Lower Myanmar, scholar, U Aung Myint, discovered one major site Kyaikkatha and other small scale sites, namely, Sittaung, Kawhtin, Kadaikgyi, Kadaikkalay, Katkadit, Kelatha (little Zothoke), Ayetthama, Winka, Zothoke (big Zothoke), Lagonbyi (Sampannago), Wagaru, Laming and Ye in present day Mon State. In 1980, U Aung Myint undertook an exploration program at Kyaikkatha. After the exploration, an excavation team conducted systematic digging at Kyaikkatha in March 1986. Excavation continued occasionally at Kyaikkatha throughout the years between 1995 and 2000. It is known that Kyaikkatha, the old city, reveals a kind of monumental civilization exposing four religious structures (a stupa and three monasteries). This essay looks into the distribution of features within Kyaikkatha and infers on its social, political, and religious organization. This essay is also about a new discovery of an early urban settlement located at the apex of the Gulf of Muttama (Martaban) where a lost city of Suvannahumi flourished in the ancient days. By means of aerial photographic observations, the site had been noticed recently, which was by followed some excavations. More systematic and detail surveying may be needed to know more about the site and its features for comparison to other similar settlements of through-out mainland South East Asia.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2004

in seaside was emphasized on mainly visual elements such as monumental sculptures, towers, landscape and so on. But a memorial space in seaside has peculiar and various sound environments comparing with other spaces. In that sense, there are many rooms to improve soundscape of the space by adding suitable sounds to or by subtracting unsuitable sounds from a memorial space.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1028-1031
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• 2004

This study aims to design soundscape of a memorial space with seaside view. So far, a memorial space in seaside was mainly emphasized on the visual elements such as monumental sculptures, towers, landscape and so on. But a memorial space in seaside has particular and various sound environments comparing with other places. In that sense, there are many rooms to improve soundscape of the space by adding suitable sounds or by subtracting unsuitable sounds to a memorial space

• 건축역사연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.135-154
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• 2012

The goal of this paper is to analyze the Freedom Center Apacle in Seoul designed by Kin Soo Geun who was a leading architect in Korean Modern architecture. Freedom Center was built in 1963, that was the largest monumental building to support military regime during cold war period in Korea. This paper deals with historical background of construction of Freedom Center and its characteristics compared to similar monumental buildings, especially Corbusier's Chandigar and Kenzo Tange's Hiroshima Peace Center. The Monumentality in Freedom Center came from the reference to these two buildings and its site plan. This paper tried to show how similar the layout of buildings between the Freedom Center and Peace Center. The origin of the sublime aura in Tange's linear layout of Peace Center is from Japanese Famous Shrine(Jinku). Kim translated it to serve the ideological purpose to protect from socialist regime in the name of freedom. Its over-scaled roof and weak contents showed Freedom center was a kind of theaterical setting belong to formalist building. But in spite of its symbolic and representational gesture its also had a architectonic physical quality to make it a monument. The change and duration in time testified the autonomous power of architecture in Freedom Center. Freedom Center was also important for using the exposed concrete and its superior finish. It was influenced not from western way of Benton Brut which was usually called New Brutalism but Japanese way of treating expose concrete. In spite of its limits Freedom center achieved new trend and sensibility in Korean Modern Architecture.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16호
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• pp.98-105
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• 1998

Today the worship of entertainment i.e television has created a situation of diminshing monumental environments with increasing leisure time. Let us examine retrospectively the characteristics of the Urban theater Architecture. Two aspects would stand out as Theater Architecture gets closer to the urban tradition or trends to make a part of a city come to life. One aspect is an introvert purity. The other is an extrovert organic structure on the edge of connecting urban scenary with anything hoping to find the renewable element which could be revived eternally in architecture.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2013

1896년 창간된 "독립신문"은 기념비적인 신문이었다. "독립신문"은 독립협회의 기관지로서 반청 반러(초기는 친러) 친일 친미적 대외인식을 보여주었다. "독립신문"은 청나라와 러시아에 대해서는 한국의 국권을 침탈하고 이권을 탈취하려 하였던 야만적인 후진국가라고 여지없이 비판하였다. 반면, 미국과 일본에 대해서는 한국의 독립을 도와준 잊지 못할 은인국이자, 문명개화를 이룩한 모범적인 선진국이라 칭송하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2012

Seismic damage and vulnerability of five historical masonry structures surveyed after the 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce, Turkey earthquakes are discussed in this paper. The structures are located in two neighboring cities that have been struck by five very large ($M_s{\geq}7.0$) earthquakes during the $20^{th}$ century alone. Older masonry mosques with arches and domes and their masonry minarets (slender towers) were among the most affected structures in this highly seismic region. While some of the religious and historical structures had virtually no damage, most structures suffered significant damage or collapsed. In the city of Bolu, for example, approximately 600-year-old Imaret, 500-year-old Kadi, 250-year-old Sarachane, and 100-year-old Yildirim Bayezid mosques suffered substantial structural damage after the 1999 earthquakes. Another historical mosque surveyed in Duzce partially collapsed. Most common factors contributing to deterioration of historical structures are also presented. Furthermore, a brief overview of issues associated with analysis and modeling of historical masonry structures is provided.

• 미술이론과 현장
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• 제10호
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• pp.63-84
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• 2010

This essay examines how the figure of Liberty has been refashioned in the streets of post-apartheid South Africa, addressing three public art works installed in Johannesburg over the past decade: Reshada Crouse's oil painting Passive Resistance, Marlene Dumas' tapestry The Benefit of the Doubt and William Kentridge's and Gerhard Marx's sculpture Firewalker. Even as these monumental works all reprise Delacroix's Liberty on the Barricades-an icon of the city street and its revolutionary barricades-so too this trio of Liberties have become mere phantoms of their vaunted archetype. Haunted specters, they quarrel with the mythologized chimera of Liberty, taking issue with the fraught tradition of pinning regime change onto the body of the female nude. Drawing instead on South African histories of women's resistance, in which female nudity has been repeatedly marshaled as a form of dissent, the Liberties circling Johannesburg hybridize their European template with local traditions of female political opposition to colonial and postcolonial male authority.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1022-1032
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• 1989

King Sejong's Striking Clepsydra was an elaborate timekeeping and annunciating system incorporating biological automata capable of annunciating hours, intervals and night-watches based on Shou-shih calindrical systems automatically. In this paper the author has studied the original manuscripts on the Striking Clepsydra [Sejong sillock, 65: 1a-3b ff` 16th year, 7th month(1434)] from the technical point of view undertaking a close analysis of this monumental clock and aiming to our modern understanding of the full degree of delicate mechanisms and sophisticated controls built into the night-watch and division announcing clockwork(jackwork). Based on the input/output model, timekeeping, ball-rack, ball-relay, and audible time-indicating mechanisms were synthesized reconstructing night-watch annunciating systems. It revealed that the night-watch and division announcing processes were entirely renewed automatically. Historical and philological data concerning the improvements of the proposed model were discussed.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.231-247
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• 2014

This paper focuses on the dynamic behaviour of Mirandola City Hall (a XV century Renaissance Palace) that was severely damaged during May 2012 Emilia earthquake in Northern Italy. Experimental investigations have been carried out on this monumental building. Firstly, detailed investigations have been carried out to identify the identification of the geometry of the main constructional parts as well as the mechanical features of the constituting materials of the palace. Then, Ambient Vibration Tests (AVT) have been applied, for the detection of the main dynamic features. Three output-only identification methods have been compared: (i) the Frequency Domain Decomposition, (ii) the Random Decrement (RD) and the (iii) Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA). The modal parameters of the Palace were difficult to be identified due to the severe structural damage; however the two bending modes in the perpendicular directions were identified. The comparison of the three experimental techniques showed a good agreement confirming the reliability of the three identification methods.