• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1974

이 논문은 한국어의 3성음의 조직을 방정식화하고 그로부터 조직약적 상태 graph를 유도하여 정보원의 성질을 구명하고 나아가서 기본 요소의 통계량에 대한 Entropy와 Redundancy를 측정하여 서구어와 비교검토 하였다. 특히 한국어에서 정보원의 성질을 구명하기 위한 syllable의 상태 graph는 단일화된다는 것을 명시함으로서 타언어에서 볼 수 없는 특이한 현상이 나타난다는 것을 지적하였다.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1994년도 FIFTH WESTERN PACIFIC REGIONAL ACOUSTICS CONFERENCE SEOUL KOREA
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• pp.1058-1063
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• 1994

In this study we developed monosyllable lists for articulation test for Korean. We sampled 103,581 colloquial monosyllables, applied them to five selection rules that based on Korean linguistic characteristics, and finally constructed five different lists with fifty monosyllables. The validity test using the monaural impairment factors such as S/N ratio and cut-off frequency showed that articulation scores were chanted systematically according to the level of impairment factors. In addition, we investigated the effect of azimuth of a single competing sound upon articulation scores. The syllables were always reproduced by the loudspeaker in front of the subject, while Hoth noise were reproduced by the loudspeaker with varying azimuth around subject. The result indicated that the articulation depended on the azimuth of competing sound sources. Finally, no significant differences among lists were found in all experimental conditions.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.69-76
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• 1994

본 연구에서는 일상회화에서 103,581개의 단음절 목록을 표집하고, 한국에 특성에 맞는 5가지 선정규칙을 적용하여, 국내의 명료도 평가용 단음절 목록을 개발하였으며, 이를 이용하여 음성품질 열화요인에 대한 타당성 검증을 수행하였다. 한귀요인인 S/N비와 차단주파수 변화에 대한 타당성 검증결과, 명료도 점수는 열화요인에 따라 체계적인 변화를 보였다. 또한, 명료도 점수에 미치는 두귀요인의 영향을 살펴보기 위해, 방해잡음의 수평 제시각도 효과에 대해서도 검증한 결과, 명료도는 방해잡음의 수평 제시각도에 따라 변화하였다. 그리고, 모든 실험조건에서 목록간에 어떠한 유의미한 차이도 보이지 않았다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.813-819
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to extract accurate parameters of facial movement features using 3-D motion capture system in speech recognition technology through lip-reading. Instead of using the features obtained through traditional camera image, the 3-D motion system was used to obtain quantitative data for actual facial movements, and to analyze 11 variables that exhibit particular patterns such as nose, lip, jaw and cheek movements in monosyllable vocalizations. Fourteen subjects, all in 20s of age, were asked to vocalize 11 types of Korean vowel monosyllables for three times with 36 reflective markers on their faces. The obtained facial movement data were then calculated into 11 parameters and presented as patterns for each monosyllable vocalization. The parameter patterns were performed through learning and recognizing process for each monosyllable with speech recognition algorithms with Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Viterbi algorithm. The accuracy rate of 11 monosyllables recognition was 97.2%, which suggests the possibility of voice recognition of Korean language through quantitative facial movement analysis.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to know the differences in perceptual judgement for speech intelligibility in monosyllables by inexperienced listeners and vowel space area according to different dysarthric severity. Three dysarthric speakers with different severity(mild, moderate and severe) screened by 3 clinicians' screening tests before the experiment were conducted. Corner vowels (i, u, ae, a) in monosyllable level (CVC, 'p_p') and carrier phrases ('종이에_써') were chosen and analyzed for vowel space. Inexperience listeners (n=20) performed the intelligibility test for spoken syllables and carrier phrases by dysarthric speakers. The results show that there is a significant differences in both F1 and F2 values among 4 corner vowels. Vowel space area in the data of mildly impaired speakers was significantly higher than two others. In the scores of speech intelligibility judged by inexperienced listeners, the scores by a moderately impaired speaker were more higher than two other speakers. The discrepancy between perceptual judgement by inexperienced listeners and vowel space area will be discussed in this area.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1994년도 FIFTH WESTERN PACIFIC REGIONAL ACOUSTICS CONFERENCE SEOUL KOREA
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• pp.977-983
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• 1994

In this paper we have evaluated the synthetic speech quality by the proposed TD-PCULI speech synthesis method. For the synthesis we have extracted parameters from the Korean monosyllables through the analysis of speech waveforms in the time domain. We have constructed the Korean data format dictionary for the synthesis-by-rule depending upon the frequencies of the Korean pronunciation large vocabulary dictionary, in which V type syllables are 19, CV type's are 80, VC type's are 30 and CVC type's are 100. And using them we have synthesized various Korean monosyllables, words and sentences. We have tested each 10 syllables selected according to the 4 Korean syllable types with the objective MOS(Mean Opinion Score) evluation method about the 4 items i.e., intelligibility, clearness, loudness, and naturality after selecting random group without the knowledge of them. And also we have tested the possibility to modify a duration and F0 into another forms with changing a duration (i.e., 150msec, 300msec, 500msec, 700msec and 1sec) and a central fundamental frequency(i.e., 80Hz, 118Hz, 140Hz, 170Hz, and 200Hz). As the results of experiments the noises occurred in the course of synthesizing the speech by the rules are removed to be a very clear level and we can find that the prosodic elements can be controled as a good condition.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1993년도 학술논문발표회 논문집 제12권 1호
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• pp.102-105
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• 1993

In this paper, we examine the method of articulation test which is effective in evaluating the speech quality in mobile communication. The korean monosyllable lists for articulation test are developed based upon the frequency of occurrence of korean monosyllables used under natural environment. The monosyllable articulation lists are recorded through the public switch telecommunication network(PSTN) and mobile telecommunication system. The recorded lists are presented to the listeners through the headphone in order to deep the listening conditions equal. It is showen that the articulation lists perform well under different signal-to-noise ratios and the restriction of some frequency ranges. Some articulation scores obtained within the PSTN and between the mobile communication system and PSTN are presented.

• 음성과학
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• 제2권
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• pp.9-23
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• 1997

Through iterative analysis and synthesis experiments on Korean monosyllables, the Korean text-to-speech system was implemented using the phoneme-based formant synthesis method. Since the formants of initial and final consonants in this system showed many variations depending on the medial vowels, the database for each phoneme was made up of formants depending on the medial vowels as well as duration information of transition region. These techniques were needed to improve the intelligibility of synthetic speech. This paper investigates also methods of concatenating the synthesis units to improve the quality of synthetic speech.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.287-307
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• 1991

This study aimed at examining speech defects of openbite patients, which were analized in terms of formant frequency for vowels and word pronunciation length for consonants. In addition, the upper and lower lip (perioral m.) activity was tested by the EMG. The tongue force was measured by the strain gauge, and the speech discrimination test was carried out. One experimental group and one control group were used for this study and they were respectively composed of six female openbite patients and six normal-occlusion females. Eight monophthongs, two fricatives and two affricatives were chosen for speech analysis. Speeches of the above-mentioned groups were recorded and then analized by the ILS/PC-1 software. Four hundred most frequently used monosyllables were also chosen for discrimination score. Openbite patients showed the following characteristics: 1. Abnormality in case of /a/, $/\varepsilon/$, /e/, /i/ $F_2$ and /e/, /a/ $F_1$. 2. Significantly elongated length in their pronunciation of /h/ and $/C^h/$ and somewhat elongated length also in their pronunciation of /s/ and /c/. 3. Significant upper lip activity according to the EMG test during pronunciation of the bilabial consonants. 4. Relatively weak tongue force according to the strain gauge measurement. 5. According to the speech discrimination test, high rate of misarticulation in case of (a) initial /p/ /s'/ and /ts'/, (b) /a/,$/\varepsilon/$,/e/,/je/,/o/, $/\phi/$,/jo/,/u/,/we/, and /i/ (c) final (equation omitted).

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.78-85
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• 1989

본 논문에서는 한국어의 규칙합성에 관한 연구중 파열음의 함성 파라미터를 추정하기 위하여 사용한 통계적 방법과 인지실험에 의한 방법에 관하여 기술하고 있다. 합성기로는 직렬 포만트 합성기를 구성하여 사용하였고 통제적 분석에 사용된 음성시료는 9개의 초성 파열음과 8개의 모음으로 구성되는 72개의 독립 CV형태를 갖는 단음절을 만일 화자를 통하여 수집하였다. 음성의 분석은 시간 및 주파수 평면에서 파라미터의 변화를 중심으로 행하였으며, 인지실험을 통한 파라미터 추정방법을 통하여 독립적으로 포만트 파라미터의 변화에 관하여 조사하였다.