• ALGAE
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.279-288
• /
• 2014

Red algal parasites are common within red algae and are mostly closely related to their hosts, but have a reduced habit. In the past, red algal parasites, due to their reduced morphology, have been given distinct generic names, even though they are often phylogenetically nested in their host's genus. This is a problem nomenclaturally for maintenance of a taxonomy based on monophyly. This study investigates the morphology, genetic variation and distribution of an undescribed red algal parasite growing on its host Rhodophyllis membranacea, widely distributed throughout New Zealand. Microscopy, molecular markers (plastid, mitochondrial, nuclear), and herbarium investigation were used to investigate this species. The parasite is widely distributed throughout New Zealand. All molecular markers clearly show that the parasite is almost identical to the host, even though morphologically quite distinct from members of the host genus. We believe that to maintain monophyly of Rhodophyllis the parasite should be described as a new species of Rhodophyllis, Rhodophyllis parasitica sp. nov. We also recommend that in order to maintain generic monophyly most red algal parasite genera should also be transferred to their host genus.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.49-56
• /
• 2015

Zeuzera is one of the most important wood borer pests in South East Asia. Like of most other genera of moths, the systematic of this genus is still in dispute, especially on the monophyly and the relationship within this genus due to the fact that genus is very varied. This genus was defined based on external characters only such as cross vein Sc-Rs present, humeral plate approximately triangular in shape and anal plate moderately long to moderately short. Therefore, the monophyly of this genus need to be evaluated based on more comprehensive data. To clarify the monophyly of the genus Zeuzera, to reveal the phylogenetic relationships among the Indonesian species, and to establish the genetic characters of Indonesian Zeuzera, we analyzed seven species of Indonesian Zeuzera including three other species distributed around the world based on nucleotide sequence variation across a 580-bp region in the CO I gene. The results showed that the monophyly of Zeuzera was supported by bootstrap tests at the MP and ML tree building methods (>95%). Genus Zeuzera was divided into two groups (A and B) with Z. borneana was excluded from the two groups and occupied at the basal node. Indonesian species was distributed into two different clades. CO I gene alone was able to fully resolve the relationships among species within clade B. However, further investigations were needed by including more species and other genes that the more conserved to test the validity of the phylogenetic hypothesis proposed here.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 2014

Many species of Lymantria are important forestry pests, including L. dispar which is well known distributed from Asia to North America as an invasive species. Like of most other genera of moths, the systematic of this genus is still in dispute, especially on the monophyly and the relationship within this genus due to the fact that genus is very large and varied. This genus was morphologically defined only by a single aphomorphy. To clarify the monophyly of the genus Lymantria, to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among the Indonesian species, and to establish the genetic characters of Indonesian Lymantria, we analyzed 9 species of Indonesian Lymantria involving 33 other species distributed around the world based on nucleotide sequence variation across a 516-bp region in the CO I gene. The results showed that the base composition of this region was a high A+T biased (C: 0.3333). The results also showed that the monophyly of Lymantria was not supported by bootstrap tests at any tree building methods. Indonesian species was distributed into four different groups but the relationship among them was still in dispute. It indicates that relationships among the basal nodes (groups) proposed here were least valid due to the fact that the number of species may not be enough to represent the real number of species in the nature. Moreover CO I gene sequences alone were not able to resolve their relationships at the basal nodes. More investigations were needed by including more species and other genes that the more conserved.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.120-120
• /
• 2004

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 2009

The phylogeny of the family Tephritidae (Diptera: Tephritidae) was reconstructed from mitochondrial 12S, 16S, and COII gene fragments using 87 species, including 79 tephritid and 8 outgroup species. Minimum evolution and Bayesian trees suggested the following phylogenetic relationships: (1) A sister group relationship between Ortalotrypeta and Tachinisca, and their basal phylogenetic position within Tephritidae; (2) a sister group relationship between the tribe Acanthonevrini and Phytalmiini; (3) monophyly of Plioreocepta, Taomyia and an undescribed new genus, and their sister group relationship with the subfamily Tephritinae; (4) a possible sister group relationship of Cephalophysa and Adramini; and (5) reconfirmation of monophyly for Trypetini, Carpomyini, Tephritinae, and Dacinae. The combination of 12S, 16S, and COII data enabled resolution of phylogenetic relationships among the higher taxa of Tephritidae.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 1999

Monophyly and intergeneric relationships of the tribe Helleboreae, sensu Tamura, and related genera were studied using a 1,100-bp segment at the 5'end of the 26S ribosomal RNA gene. Forty-one OTUs, including eight species of the Helleboreae, were either directly sequenced or obtained from previous publications. Data were analyzed using distance and discrete character methods to infer phylogenetic relationships among the included taxa. The inferred phylogeny did not support monophyly of either Helleboreae or Cimicifugeae whose members were intermixed in our inferred phylogeny. This result is congruent with our previous study, which recommended against finely subdividing, suprageneric higher taxa within the R-chromosome group (subfamily Ranuncluloideae, sensu lato) until more molecular data were accumulated. Our data convincingly suggest the presence of the following three monophyletic groups: the Cimicifuga group (the clade of Actaea, Cimicifuga, Souliea, Eranthis, Anemonopsis, and Beesia), the Trollius group (the clade of Trollius, Megaleranthis, Adonis), and a clade including Anemonopsis and Beesia. Our data also suggest that Trollius and Megaleranthis might be congeners and Eranthis a paraphyletic group.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.259-266
• /
• 2011

Elsholtzia hallasanensis, E. springia, and E. splendens var. fasciflora (Lamiaceae) were reported recently as new species or new varieties of E. splendens according to their morphological characteristics. To reappraise the taxonomic status of these additional taxa and to determine the relationships between all Korean Elsholtzia taxa except E. saxatilis, which is distributed in North Korea, molecular studies based on the nrDNA (ITS) and cpDNA (rpl16, and trnH-psbA) sequences of seven taxa of Elsholtzia and one outgroup were carried out. The molecular data support that E. angustifolia and E. minima are distinct species from E. splendens and E. ciliata, respectively, because they have several private marker genes and show monophyly. The molecular data also support that E. splendens has a very close taxonomic relationship with both E. hallasanensis and E. springia. We found that E. splendens var. fasciflora, with multiple inflorescence, was based on several private marker genes and on the monophyly of its trees, suggesting that it can be considered as a variety. Elsholtzia springia, with the same sequences and the same morphological characteristics with E. hallasanensis after transplanting, should be treated as a synonym of E. hallasanensis. Moreover, we consider the taxonomic status of E. hallasanensis as E. splendens var. hallasanensis (Y. Lee) N.S. Lee & C.S. Lee, stat. nov.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.19-19
• /
• 2012

The Colchicaceae comprising 250 species and 15-19 genera of rhizomatous or cormous perennials, the moderate sized family in Liliales, distributes widely through the temperate and tropical areas of Africa, Asia and North America. The division of two subfamilies in Colchicaceae is still unclear because of different results in previous studies. Moreover, sister taxa of this family has not been determined. In genus level, it was uncertain that whether expand circumscription of three genera of Colchicum, Gloriosa, and Wurmbea which are include Androcymbium, Littonia and Onixotis, respectively, is reasonable or not. In this study, three coding genes of atpB, matK and rbcL were analyzed to reconstruct phylogenetic relationship of Colchicaceae and both of maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian analysis were conducted. Among three genes, matK region was most variable and provided more parsimony-informative sites, whereas the atpB and rbcL regions were similar in the variation and number of informative characters. Monophyly of Colchicaceae was strongly supported and it was divided into two subfamilies (Wurmbeoideae and Uvulariodeae). Uvularia-Disporum clade, comprises the subfamily Uvularioideae, is a sister of the rest Colchicaceae and subsequently differentiated Burchardia was a sister within subfamily Wurmbeoideae. Burchadia was used to be supposed to be a sister of the family in the previous studies. It was clear the monophyly and phylogenetic relationship among six tribes sensu Vinnersten and Manning (2007) within the family. In addition, the expanded circumscription of three genera was also strongly supported; Colchicum-Androcymbium (BP99), Wurmbea-Onixotis (BP100), and Littonia-Gloriosa (BP100). Here, we propose a re-circumscription among taxa of Colchicaceae.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.347-363
• /
• 2009

The 15,389-bp long complete mitogenome of the endangered red-spotted apollo butterfly, Parnassius bremeri (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) was determined in this study. The start codon for the COI gene in insects has been extensively discussed, and has long remained a matter of some controversy. Herein, we propose that the CGA (arginine) sequence functions as the start codon for the COI gene in lepidopteran insects, on the basis of complete mitogenome sequences of lepidopteran insects, including P. bremeri, as well as additional sequences of the COI start region from a diverse taxonomic range of lepidopteran species (a total of 53 species from 15 families). In our extensive search for a tRNA-like structure in the A+T-rich region, one $tRNA^{Trp}$-like sequence and one $tRNA^{Leu}(UUR)$-like sequence were detected in the P. bremeri A+T-rich region, and one or more tRNA-like structures were detected in the A+T-rich region of the majority of other sequenced lepidopteran insects, thereby indicating that such features occur frequently in the lepidopteran mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analysis using the concatenated 13 amino acid sequences and nucleotide sequences of PCGs of the four macrolepidopteran superfamilies together with the Tortricoidea and Pyraloidea resulted in the successful recovery of a monophyly of Papilionoidea and a monophyly of Bombycoidea. However, the Geometroidea were unexpectedly identified as a sister group of the Bombycoidea, rather than the Papilionoidea.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.289-297
• /
• 2014

The taxonomic status and the distribution of Rosenvingea species need attention because of the difficulties in morphological identification in the laboratory as well as in the field. We analyzed mitochondrial cox3 and plastid psaA gene sequences from Rosenvingea species from Vietnam, Mexico and Panama in combination with morphological examinations. Our results confirmed the occurrence of R. intricata and R. orientalis in Vietnam. R. intricata formed dense decumbent mats with many flat branches, often inter-adhesive, and was up to 5 cm in diameter. R. orientalis thalli were up to 18 cm long with narrow (less than 2 mm in width) tubular to compressed fronds. Both cox3 and psaA phylogenies revealed the non-monophyly of the genus Rosenvingea, as reported previously for other scytosiphonacean genera.