• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1983

Monolayer moisture contents of white ginseng and white ginseng powder were 6.68g/100g and 7.81g/100g respectively, and the corresponding water activity at that moisture were 0.16 and 0.18 respectively. TBA value increased with an increase in relative humidity and storage period, and the increase of TBA value was the lowest at 23-32% R.H.. The variation of fat soluble and water soluble pigment in white ginseng was similar to that of TBA value.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3489-3494
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• 2016

Background: A major problem with cervical cancer screening in countries which have no organized national screening program for cervical cancer is sub-optimal participation. Implementation of self-sampling method may increase the coverage. Objective: We determined the agreement of cytological diagnoses made on samples collected by women themselves (self-sampling) versus samples collected by physicians (Physician sampling). Materials and Methods: We invited women volunteers to undergo two procedures; cervical self-sampling using the Evalyn brush and physician sampling using a Cervex brush. The women were shown a video presentation on how to take their own cervical samples before the procedure. The samples taken by physicians were taken as per routine testing (Gold Standard). All samples were subjected to Thin Prep monolayer smears. The diagnoses made were according to the Bethesda classification. The results from these two sampling methods were analysed and compared. Results: A total of 367 women were recruited into the study, ranging from 22 to 65 years age. There was a significant good agreement of the cytological diagnoses made on the samples from the two sampling methods with the Kappa value of 0.568 (p=0.040). Using the cytological smears taken by physicians as the gold standard, the sensitivity of self-sampling was 71.9% (95% CI:70.9-72.8), the specificity was 86.6% (95% CI:85.7-87.5), the positive predictive value was 74.2% (95% CI:73.3-75.1) and the negative predictive value was 85.1% (95% CI: 84.2-86.0). Self-sampling smears (22.9%) allowed detection of micro-organisms better than physicians samples (18.5%). Conclusions: This study shows that samples taken by women themselves (self-sampling) and physicians have good diagnostic agreement. Self-sampling could be the method of choice in countries in which the coverage of women attending clinics for screening for cervical cancer is poor.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.483-489
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• 2004

Fexofenadine HCl is non-sedating histamine H1 receptor antagonist that can be used for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the carriers of deformable liposomes can enhance the transepithelial permeability of fexofenadine HCl across the in vitro ALI human nasal monolayer model. Characterization of this model was achieved by bioelectric measurements and morphological studies. The passage 2 and 3 of cell monolayers exhibited the TEER value of $2852\;{\pm}\;482\;ohm\;{\times}\;cm^2$ on 11 days of seeding and maintained high TEER value for 5 days. The deformable liposome of fexofenadine HCl was prepared with phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholic acid using extruder method. The mean particle size was about 200 nm and the maximum entrapment efficiency of 33.0% was obtained in the formulation of 1% PC and $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ fexofenadine HCl. The toxicity of the deformable liposome to human nasal monolayers was evaluated by MTT assay and TEER value change. MTT assay showed that it has no toxic effect on the nasal epithelial cells in 2-hour incubation when the PC concentration was below 1%. However, deformable liposome could not enhance the transepithelial permeability $(P_{app})$ and cellular uptake of fexofenadine HCl. In conclusion, the in vitro model could be used in nasal drug transport studies and evaluation of transepithelial permeability of formulations.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.569-573
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• 2007

The static and dynamic hydrophobicities of the water droplets placed on a hydrophobic surface coated using a fluoroalkylsilanes monolayer with different molecular chain lengths were investigated through direct observation of the actual droplet motion during the sliding process. The surface roughness of both was found to be less than 1 nm. The static contact angles of the coated FAS-3 and FAS-17 were respectively $80^{\circ}$ and $108^{\circ}$ at $150^{\circ}C$, 1 h. The slope of sliding acceleration against the water droplet mass exhibited an inflection point, thus suggesting the switching of the dominant sliding mode from slipping to rolling. While their sliding angles were similar in value, notable differences were exhibited in terms of their sliding behavior. This can be understood as being due to the contribution of the shear stress difference at the interface between the solid surface and water during the sliding process. These results show that the sliding acceleration of the water droplets depends strongly on the balance between gravitational and retentive forces on the hydrophobic surface.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 1987

In order to evaluate the artificial skin for burn would covering materials, copoly(N. carbobenzoxy-L-Iysine-L-leucine)s were prepared by Ipolymerization of N - carbobenzoxy-L- I sine anhydride and L-leucine anhydride in homogeneous solvents using triethylamine as an initiator. The synthetic polypeptides and the oxter type polyurethane(PV)of medical grade were used as the sheet type membranes were prepared ; monolayer membrances were composed of only the polypeptides, bilayer membranes and blend membranes were controlled by composition of the polypeptides and PU. Test of the swelling degree, mechanical tensile strength, elongation, oxygen permeability, water-vapor loss and In vitro degradation treated by pretense TV of samples of artificial skin were measured by adequate methods so as to mechanical, physincal characterization and biodegradation. As a result, all the values of samples were found to be similar to desired value of skin which was nature. The Artificial skin based on polypeptides can be considered as ideal burn wound covering materials.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.68-72
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• 2005

Moisture sorption characteristics of edible composite films were determined and compared against moisture barrier properties. Edible composite films were Z1 (zein film with polyethylene glycol(PEG) and glycerol), Z2 (zein film with oleic acid), ZA1 (zein-coated high amylose corn starch film with PEG and glycerol), and ZA2 (zein-coated high amylose corn starch film with oleic acid). Z2 film showed the lowest equilibrium moisture content (EMC), monolayer value ($W_m$), water vapor permeability (WVP), and water solubility (WS). Surface structure of Z2 was relatively denser and finer than that of other edible films. GAB $W_m$ and C values decreased, while K values increased with increasing temperature. Correlation coefficients of WS:EMC and WVP:EMC at Aw 0.75 were higher than those of WS: $W_m$ and WVP: $W_m$, respectively. EMC values at Aw 0.75 appeared useful for evaluating or predicting moisture barrier properties of edible films.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.108-112
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• 1984

The sorption characteristics of red pepper powder stored at various relative humidity and temperature were studied. At low relative humidity below RH 57%, the sorption equilibrium was easily attained, whereas at higher relative humidity above RH 75%, the powder was browned by higher equilibrium moisture content. The moisture content of monolayer value for the powder was ranging from 11.32% to 12.13% with temperature. First order regression equation of equilibrium moisture content for relative humidity was determined.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 1996

Ginseng has been used as miraculous panacea since ancient times in oriental countries. In spite of voluminous work, ginseng still remains mysterious herb, but its value is becoming more recognized in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. In this study, we investigated the effect of Panax ginseng on wound healing using two experimental methods. First, we studied the effect of ginseng on artificial wound of cultured human keratinocyte monolayer. Indivisual components from ginseng (ginsenoside Rb2, Rc, Re, Rg1, and panasenoside) and giseng extrats were examined. Of them, compared with control, ginsenoside Rb2 and Rg1 needed much shorter time to recover original appearance of momolayer. Second, we investigated the effect of ginseng on acute injury on dorsal skin of hairless mice. We here observed that ginseng has prominent effect than Madecasol(asiaticoside), a well known wound healing agent. These results were deduced that ginseng promoted wound healing in the wound region due to its stimulation of biosynthesis of various endogeneous materials that have relation to wound healing. Furthermore, we conformed that ginsenoside Rg1 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity on rat paw edema induced by carageenan. These results suggest that Panax ginseng C.A Meyer can be used in the cosmetics in that its wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.109-112
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• 2018

Optical properties of InAs/GaAs submonolayer-quantum dot (SML-QD) have been investigated using excitation intensity ($I_{ex}$)- and temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL). At a low temperature (13 K) strong PL was observed at 1.420 eV with a very narrow full-width at half maximum, of 7.09 meV. The results of the $I_{ex}$ dependence show that the PL intensities increase with increasing $I_{ex}$. The enhancement factors (k) of PL increment as a function of $I_{ex}$ are 3.3 and 1.22 at low and high $I_{ex}$ regime, respectively. The high k value at low $I_{ex}$, implies that the activation energy of the SML-QDs is low. The calculated activation energy of the SML-QDs from temperature dependence is 30 meV.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.256-265
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• 2021

Titanium is applied in various industries due to its valuable properties and abundant reserves. Generally, if a highly uniform oxide structure and a high-density oxide film is formed on the surface through anodization treatment, the utility value such as color appearance and corrosion inhibition efficiency is further increased. The objective of this study was to determine improvement of water-repellent property by controlling titanium oxide parameters such as pore size and inter-pore distance to improve corrosion resistance. Oxide film structures of different shapes were prepared by controlling the anodization processing time and voltage. These oxide structures were then analyzed using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM). Afterwards, a Self-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) coating was performed for the oxide structure. The contact angle was measured to determine the relationship between the shape of the oxide film and the water-repellency. The smaller the solid fraction of the surface, the higher the water-repellent effect. The surface with excellent hydrophobic properties showed improved corrosion resistance. Such water-repellent surface has various applications. It is not only useful for corrosion prevention, but also useful for self-cleaning. In addition, a hydrophobic titanium may open up a new world of biomaterials to remove bacteria from the surface.