• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.376-381
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• 1998

In this study, we was measured the radiance reflectance by using multi-spectral image of low resolution camera(LRC) which will be loaded in the multi-purpose satellite(KOMPSAT) to use the data in analyzing water pollution. Also we investigated the possibility of extraction of water quality factors in rivers and water body by using high resolution remote sensing data such as Airborne MSS. Especially, we tried to extract the environmental factors related with eutrophication, and also tried to develop the process technique and the radiance feature of reflectance related with eutrophication. The results were summarized as follows: First, the spectrum of sun's rays which reaches the surface of the earth was consistent with visible rays bands of 0.4${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$~0.7${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and about 50% of total quantity of radiation were there. And at around 0.5${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of green spectral band in visible rays bands, the spectrum was highest. Second, as a result of the radiance reflectance Chlorophyll-a represented high spectral reflectance mainly around 0.52${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of green spectral band, and suspended sediments and turbidity represented high spectral reflectance at 0.8${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and at 0.57${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ each. Third, as a result of the water quality analysis by using Airborne MSS, Chlorophyll-a could have a distribution chart when carried out ratio of B3 and BS to B7. And Band 7 was useful for making the distribution chart of suspended sediments. And when we carried out PCA, suspended sediments and turbidity had distributions at PC 1 , PC 4 each similarly to ground truth data. Above results can be changed according to the change of season and time. Therefore, in order to analyze more exactly the environmental factors of water quality by using LRC data, we need to investigate constantly the ground truth data and the radiance feature of reflectance of water body. Afterward in this study, we will constantly analyze the radiance feature of the surface of water in water body by measuring the on-the-spot radiance reflectance and using low resolution satellite image(SeaWiFs). Besides, we will gather the data of water quality analysis in water body and analyze the pattern of water pollution.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2014

Recently, camera and RADAR are used for more effective and accurate observation of the bird migration. In recent years, many researches on the bird migration using RADAR are undertaking and in active, thus causes the advent of "RADAR ornithology" as a new academic field. Due to the lack of accessibility, economic feasibility and mobility of weather RADAR, airport searching RADAR and tracking RADAR, Nowadays, a marine RADAR is widely used for a bird observation. In this paper, we deals with a study on development of a remote bird observation system using marine FMCW RADAR, which monitors, records and analyzes bird movement by RADAR image processing and target recognition technology. Also, we conduct first test and second test for availability of the developed system, and verify the system to apply in bird observation domain. Consequently, we figured problems out, and correct the problems to improve the system. The developed system can apply in other domains such as environment evaluation. In the future, the system needs to improve accuracy of statistics and to track migration route of bird.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 2009

KOMPSAT-2 is the seventh high-resolution image satellite in the world that provides both 1m-grade panchromatic images of the GSD and 4m-grade multispectral images of the GSD. It's anticipated to be used across many different areas including mapping, territory monitoring and environmental watch. However, due to the complexity and security concern involved with the use of the MSC, the use of KOMPSAT-2 images are limited in terms of geometric images, such as satellite orbits and detailed mapping information. Therefore, this study aims to produce DEM and orthoimage by using the stereo images of KOMPSAT-2, and to explore the applicability of geo-spatial information with KOMPSAT -2. Orientation interpretations were essential for the production of DEM and orthoimage using KOMPSAT-2 images. In the study, they are performed by utilizing both RPC and GCP. In this study, the orientation interpretations are followed by the generation of DEM and orthoimage, and the analysis of their accuracy based on a 1:5,000 digital map. The accuracy analysis of DEM is performed and the results indicate that their altitudes are, in general, higher than those obtained from the digital map. The altitude discrepancies on plains, hills and mountains are calculated as 1.8m, 7.2m, and 11.9m, respectively. In this study, the mean differences between horizontal position between the orthoimage data and the digital map data are found to be ${\pm}3.081m$, which is in the range of ${\pm}3.5m$, within the permitted limit of a 1:5,000 digital map. KOMPSAT-2 images are used to produce DEM and orthoimage in this research. The results suggest that DEM can be adequately used to produce digital maps under 1:5,000 scale.

• Atmosphere
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 2011

Spectral solar irradiances were observed using a visible and UV Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer on the rooftop of the Science Building at Yonsei University, Seoul ($37.57^{\circ}N$, $126.98^{\circ}E$, 86 m) during one year period in 2006. 1-min measurements of global(total) and diffuse solar irradiances over the solar zenith angle (SZA) ranges from $20^{\circ}$ to $70^{\circ}$ were used to examine the effects of clouds and total optical depth (TOD) on enhancing four solar irradiance components (broadband 395-955 nm, UV channel 304.5 nm, visible channel 495.2 nm, and infrared channel 869.2 nm) together with the sky camera images for the assessment of cloud conditions at the time of each measurement. The obtained clear-sky irradiance measurements were used for empirical model of clear-sky irradiance with the cosine of the solar zenith angle (SZA) as an independent variable. These developed models produce continuous estimates of global and diffuse solar irradiances for clear sky. Then, the clear-sky irradiances are used to estimate the effects of clouds and TOD on the enhancement of surface solar irradiance as a difference between the measured and the estimated clear-sky values. It was found that the enhancements occur at TODs less than 1.0 (i.e. transmissivity greater than 37%) when solar disk was not obscured or obscured by optically thin clouds. Although the TOD is less than 1.0, the probability of the occurrence for the enhancements shows 50~65% depending on four different solar radiation components with the low UV irradiance. The cumulus types such as stratoculmus and altoculumus were found to produce localized enhancement of broadband global solar irradiance of up to 36.0% at TOD of 0.43 under overcast skies (cloud cover 90%) when direct solar beam was unobstructed through the broken clouds. However, those same type clouds were found to attenuate up to 80% of the incoming global solar irradiance at TOD of about 7.0. The maximum global UV enhancement was only 3.8% which is much lower than those of other three solar components because of the light scattering efficiency of cloud drops. It was shown that the most of the enhancements occurred under cloud cover from 40 to 90%. The broadband global enhancement greater than 20% occurred for SZAs ranging from 28 to $62^{\circ}$. The broadband diffuse irradiance has been increased up to 467.8% (TOD 0.34) by clouds. In the case of channel 869.0 nm, the maximum diffuse enhancement was 609.5%. Thus, it is required to measure irradiance for various cloud conditions in order to obtain climatological values, to trace the differences among cloud types, and to eventually estimate the influence on solar irradiance by cloud characteristics.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.11-19
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• 2009

Recently, concerns relating to the maintenance of large structures have been increased. In addition, the number of large structures that need to be evaluated for their structural safety due to natural disasters and structural deterioration has been rapidly increasing. It is common for the structural characteristics of an older large structure to differ from the characteristics in the initial design stage, and changes in dynamic characteristics may result from a reduction in stiffness due to cracks on the materials. The process of deterioration of such structures enables the detection of damaged locations, as well as a quantitative evaluation. One of the typical measuring instruments used for the monitoring of bridges and buildings is the dynamic measurement system. Conventional dynamic measurement systems require considerable cabling to facilitate a direct connection between sensor and DAQ logger. For this reason, a method of measuring structural responses from a remote distance without the mounted sensors is needed. In terms of non-contact methods that are applicable to dynamic response measurement, the methods using the doppler effect of a laser or a GPS are commonly used. However, such methods could not be generally applied to bridge structures because of their costs and inaccuracies. Alternatively, a method using a visual image can be economical as well as feasible for measuring vibration signals of inaccessible bridge structures and extracting their dynamic characteristics. Many studies have been conducted using camera visual signals instead of conventional mounted sensors. However, these studies have been focused on measuring displacement response by an image processing technique after recording a position of the target mounted on the structure, in which the number of measurement targets may be limited. Therefore, in this study, a model experiment was carried out to verify the measurement algorithm for measuring multi-point displacement responses by using a DIC (Digital Image Correlation) technique.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop a stent-based image guided surgery system and to apply it to oral and maxillofacial surgeries for anatomically complex sites. Materials and Methods : We devised a patient-specific stent for patient-to-image registration and navigation. Three-dimensional positions of the reference probe and the tool probe were tracked by an optical camera system and the relative position of the handpiece drill tip to the reference probe was monitored continuously on the monitor of a PC. Using 8 landmarks for measuring accuracy, the spatial discrepancy between CT image coordinate and physical coordinate was calculated for testing the normality. Results : The accuracy over 8 anatomical landmarks showed an overall mean of $0.56{\pm}0.16\;mm$. The developed system was applied to a surgery for a vertical alveolar bone augmentation in right mandibular posterior area and possible interior alveolar nerve injury case of an impacted third molar. The developed system provided continuous monitoring of invisible anatomical structures during operation and 3D information for operation sites. The clinical challenge showed sufficient accuracy and availability of anatomically complex operation sites. Conclusion : The developed system showed sufficient accuracy and availability in oral and maxillofacial surgeries for anatomically complex sites.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.42.1-42.1
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• 2011

The main payload of the Science and Technology Satellite 3 (STSAT-3), Multipurpose Infrared Imaging System (MIRIS), will be equipped with the wide-field near-infrared camera. Its wide field-of-view ($3.67^{\circ}{\times}3.67^{\circ}$) is optimal for the observation of the zodiacal light (ZL), the sunlight scattered by the interplanetary dust (IPD). The MIRIS will continuously monitor the seasonal variation of the ZL towards both north and south ecliptic poles, which is caused by the asymmetries of the IPD distribution with respect to the Sun and the ecliptic plane. In addition to the monitoring observations, we are planning pointed observations for compelling structures in the ZL, the asteroidal dust bands and the gegenschein. This presentation proposes the zodiacal light observations with the MIRIS and discusses the expected results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.1010-1013
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• 2009

The youths of the farming village have moved to the metropolis, thus the most of the manpower which engages to a production remained in the village reaches layer old age and all thing sprouts long the whole and it is one. So to remove the waste of barn rather than to give feed to the livestock is hard that what step all automation of this part is necessary. Consequently we have developed the automation system in order to reduce the massive death of the livestock at the time of intense cold and hot. The system will be able to clean the waste of the barn and confront quickly in the change of temperature which is sudden it came. And we proposed also the system that will be able to watch at real-time and monitor the operational environment from a remote using CCD camera. In this paper, we proposed the remote control system which uses PDA in order to control the automation system of a stall while moving. The proposed system was embodied in order for the control and the monitor while the user is mobile using PDA screens. We also added a protection system in that system. The system sends the case warning and SMS while will have the fire and the intrusion from the outside and prevents a robbery.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.457-464
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• 2019

The weight of pig is one of the main factors in determining the health and growth state of pigs, their shipment, the breeding environment, and the ration of feed, and thus measuring the pig's weight is an important issue in productivity perspective. In order to estimate the pig's weight by using the number of pig's pixels from images, acquired from a Top-view camera, the posture determining and the head removal from images are necessary to measure the accurate number of pixels. In this research, we propose the fast and accurate method to determine the pig's posture by using a fast image processing technique, find the head location by using a fast deep learning technique, and remove pig's head by using light weighted image processing technique. First, we determine the pig's posture by comparing the length from the center of the pig's body to the outline of the pig in the binary image. Then, we train the location of pig's head, body, and hip in images using YOLO(one of the fast deep learning based object detector), and then we obtain the location of pig's head and remove an outside area of head by using head location. Finally, we find the boundary of head and body by using Convex-hull, and we remove pig's head. In the Experiment result, we confirmed that the pig's posture was determined with an accuracy of 0.98 and a processing speed of 250.00fps, and the pig's head was removed with an accuracy of 0.96 and a processing speed of 48.97fps.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.43-54
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• 2018

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of motion sickness on pupil rhythm. Sixteen volunteers of both genders (8 male, 8 female, mean age $25.67{\pm}2.43$ years) experienced VR contents in both 2D and HMD versions for 15 minutes, and their pupillary rhythms were compared. The irregular pattern of the pupillary rhythms, as demonstrated by increasing mean pupil diameter (mPD) and standard deviation of the pupil diameter (sPD), revealed motion sickness after experiencing HMD condition. The pupillary response is strongly related to the cognitive load, and the motion sickness can be interpreted as a change in the cognitive load caused by the increasing volume of visual information that must be processed and the conflict or inconsistency between different sensory modalities. The method proposed in this study could be a non-contact measurement method for the monitoring of motion sickness using a web-camera rather than previous sensor-based methods.