• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.130-135
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• 2014

In this paper, a new estimation method is proposed to calculate steering rack axial force using a 3 dimensional tire mesh model when a car is standing on the road. This model is established by considering changes of camber angle and contact patch between the tires and the ground according to steering angle. The steering rack bar axial force is estimated based on the static equilibrium equations of forces and moments. A tire friction force is supposed to act on the center point of the contact patch, and the proportional coefficient of friction depending on contact patch is suggested. Using the proposed estimation method, rack axial force sensitivity analysis is evaluated according to changes of suspension geometry. Then optimal motor power of Motor Driven Power Steering(MDPS) is evaluated using suggested rack forces.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.41-48
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to establish the control method of the global bending distortion caused by fabrication process of hatch-cover in a container ship. In order to do it, the transitional behavior of global bending distortion in the deck of hatch-cover during fabrication process was measured by 3-dimensional measuring instrument. From the results, the principal factor controlling the global bending distortion was identified as the bending moment associated with the longitudinal shrinkage force and transverse shrinkage caused by welding and flame heating and the change of the centroid axis of hatch-cover in each fabrication process. Therefore, in this study, with the predictive equations of the longitudinal shrinkage force and transverse shrinkage caused by welding and flame heating and the simplified thermo elastic method, the predictive method for the global bending distortion was established and verified by comparing with the measured result. Based on the results, the amount of reverse bending distortion of main stiffeners was determined to prevent the global bending distortion of hatch-cover.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.669-675
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• 2011

A constant hanger is a device for supporting pipes in plants. It supplies a constant force to a supporting pipe even if the pipe moves because of thermal expansion. In this paper, we propose a method for designing the contour of a cam for a constant hanger. It has been shown that the contour of a cam must satisfy the geometrical relation of the cam, the force balance equation for the load tube, the relation between the side spring compression and the cam rotation angle, and the moment balance equation for the cam. A calculation procedure to solve these equations simultaneously is proposed, and a constant hanger is designed successfully.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.11c
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• pp.591-593
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• 2000

A narrow slot in the broad wall of a rectangular waveguide is analysed using a Spatial Network Method[1] which takes account of the waveguide wall thickness. In essence, SNM is used to solve arbitrary shape and materials constant, derived from maxwell's equations to find the tangential electric fields on the upper and lower surfaces of the slot. In this paper, applying to the offset and length[2] which yield a zero equivalent shunt susceptance, analysing single and 4 array slot antenna. The current of the transient analysis shows each the times. Analysed result of SNM is verified by the method of moment and HFSS.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.211-218
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• 2006

This work deals with 24 substances composed of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. The relationships between the chromatographic retention factor (k) and those physicochemical properties which are relevant in quantitative structure-properties relationship (QSPR) studies, such as the polarizability $(\alpha)$, molar refractivity (MR), lipophilicity (logP), dipole moment $(\mu)$, total energy $(E_{tot})$, heat of formation $(\Delta H_f)$, molecular surface area $(S_M)$, and binding energy $(E_b)$, were investigated. The accuracy of the simple linear regressions between the chromatographic retention and the descriptors for all of the compounds was satisfactory (correlation coefficient, $0.8 \leq r \leq 1.0$). The QSPR models of these nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds could be predicted with a multiple linear regression equation having the statistical index, r = 1.000. This work demonstrated the successful application of the multiple linear approaches through the development of accurate predictive equations for retention factors in liquid chromatography.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.877-883
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• 2013

The quadratic inference functions (QIF) method proposed by Qu et al. (2000) and the generalized method of moments (GMM) for marginal regression analysis of longitudinal data with time-dependent covariates proposed by Lai and Small (2007) both are the methods based on generalized method of moment (GMM) introduced by Hansen (1982) and both use generalized estimating equations (GEE). Lai and Small (2007) divided time-dependent covariates into three types such as: Type I, Type II and Type III. In this paper, we compared these methods in the case of Type II and Type III in which full covariates conditional mean assumption (FCCM) is violated and interested in whether they can improve the results of GEE with independence working correlation. We show that in the marginal regression model with Type II time-dependent covariates, GMM Type II of Lai and Small (2007) provides more ecient result than QIF and for the Type III time-dependent covariates, QIF with independence working correlation and GMM Type III methods provide the same results. Our simulation study showed the same results.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.177-184
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• 1997

In this paper, numerical methods are developed for solving the elastica of simple beams with variable-arc-length subjected to a point loading. The beam model is based on Bernoulli-Euler beam theory. The Runge-Kutta and Regula-Falsi methods, respectively, are used to solve the governing differential equations and to compute the beam's rotation at the left end of the beams. Extensive numerical results of the elastica responses, including deflected shapes, rotations of cross-section and bending moments, are presented in non-dimensional forms. The possible maximum values of the end rotation, deflection and bending moment are determined by analyzing the numerical data obtained in this study.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.111-135
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• 2015

Bridge behavior under passing traffic loads has been studied for the past 50 years. This paper presents how to model congestion on bridges and how the maximum dynamic stress of bridges change during the passing of moving vehicles. Most current research is based on mid-span dynamic effects due to traffic load and most bridge codes define a factor called the dynamic load allowance (DLA), which is applied to the maximum static moment under static loading. This paper presents an algorithm to solve the governing equation of the bridge as well as the equations of motions of two real European trucks with different speeds, simultaneously. It will be shown, considering congestion in eight case studies, the maximum dynamic stress and how far from the mid-span it occurs during the passing of one or two trucks with different speeds. The congestion effect on the maximum dynamic stress of bridges can make a significant difference in the magnitude. By finite difference method, it will be shown that where vehicle speeds are considerably higher, for example in the case of railway bridges which have more than one railway line or in the case of multiple lane highway bridges where congestion is probable, current designing codes may predict dynamic stresses lower than actual stresses; therefore, the consequences of a full length analysis must be used to design safe bridges.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

Numerical solution to linear bending analysis of circular plates is obtained by the method of harmonic differential quadrature (HDQ). In the method of differential quadrature (DQ), partial space derivatives of a function appearing in a differential equation are approximated by means of a polynomial expressed as the weighted linear sum of the function values at a preselected grid of discrete points. The method of HDQ that was used in the paper proposes a very simple algebraic formula to determine the weighting coefficients required by differential quadrature approximation without restricting the choice of mesh grids. Applying this concept to the governing differential equation of circular plate gives a set of linear simultaneous equations. Bending moments, stresses values in radial and tangential directions and vertical deflections are found for two different types of load. In the present study, the axisymmetric bending behavior is considered. Both the clamped and the simply supported edges are considered as boundary conditions. The obtained results are compared with existing solutions available from analytical and other numerical results such as finite elements and finite differences methods. A comparison between the HDQ results and the finite difference solutions for one example plate problem is also made. The method presented gives accurate results and is computationally efficient.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.179-184
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• 2003

This study focuses on an analytical approach to calculate crane lifting forces for a sunken ship in consideration oj elongation of crane ropes. The method takes into account the relation of lifting forces acting in wire rope slings to the inclination of the ship's hull including the effect of lug positions. For lifting analysis, the Euler angles are defined to represent the inclination of a sunken ship in developing the static force and moment equations. An additional compatability condition is introduced in order to solve an indeterminate lifting analysis problem with 4 cranes and a set of lifting forces along the 4 crane ropes is calculated. A 3-dimensional example of the G/T 1500 oil tanker is analyzed and the results show that the information obtained by the method could be useful to engineers to conduct salvage work.