• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.513-519
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• 2014

For depth machining in die and mold, Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is used generally. To make deep hole and deep shape efficiently, cemented carbide endmill for depth machining is necessary. For this purpose, cemented carbide endmill was designed using design of experiment (DOE). To improve cutting performance, endmill was coated with multilayer surface treatment, TiAlCrSiN and TiAlCrN, for higher wear resistance. In order to evaluate the endmill, Transverse Rupture Strength (TRS) test was tried for investigating the relationship between surface treatment and strength in endmill body. Scratch test was also used for measuring adhesion force of each surface treatment. To evaluate hardness of surface treatment, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) analysis was carried out. Wear test was executed for characteristics of each surface treatment in high temperature. Consequently, TiAlCrSiN was superior to the TiAlCrN coating in case of high temperature environment such as cutting.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.449-449
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• 2011

We reported the direct effect of intrinsic surface energy of dry adhesive material to the Van der Waals and capillary forces contributions of the total adhesion force in an artificial gecko-inspired adhesion system. To mimic the gecko foot we fabricated tilted nanohairy structures using both lithography and ion beam treatment. The nanohairy structures were replicated from Si wafer mold using UV curable polymeric materials. The control of nanohairs slanting angles was based on the uniform linear argon ion irradiation to the nanohairy polymeric surface. The surface energy was studied utilizing subsequent conventional oxygen ion treatment on the nanohairy structures which resulted in gradient surface energy. Our shear adhesion test results were found in good agreement with the accepted Van der Waals and capillary forces theory in the gecko adhesion system. Surface energy would give a direct impact to the effective Hamaker constant in Van der Waals force and the filling angle (${\varphi}$) of water meniscus in capillary force contributions of gecko inspired adhesion system. With the increasing surface energy, the effective Hamaker constant also increased but the filling angle decreased, resulting in a competition between the two forces. Using a simple mathematical model, we compared our experimental results to show the quantitative contributions of Van der Waals and capillary forces in a single adhesion system on both hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. We found that the Van der Waals force contributes about 82.75% and 89.97% to the total adhesion force on hydrophilic and hydrophobic test surfaces, respectively, while the remaining contribution was occupied by capillary force. We also showed that it is possible to design ultrahigh dry adhesive with adhesion strength of more than 10 times higher than apparent gecko adhesion force by controlling the surface energy and the slanting angle induced-contact line of dry adhesive the materials.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.631-631
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• 2013

Battery has major drawbacks including its size and life expectancy, and environmental problem. As an alternative, energy harvesting is emerging as a potential solution to replace battery along with more energy-efficient IT devices. The idea of harnessing energy from our living environment is sustainable, semi-permanent, and eco-friendly. Also, unlike battery, energy harvester does not require much space to store energy. Therefore, energy harvesting can provide a better source of power for small, portable, and wireless devices. Among various ways of harvesting energy from our surroundings, triboelectricity is chosen due to its potential to be miniaturized, and efficient. Triboelectric effect occurs as two different materials with different polarity of charge separation come into contact through friction, and then become separated so that electric potential difference is achieved. In this research, such characteristic of triboelectricity is used as a way to convert ambient mechanical energy into electric energy.Series of recent researches have shown promising results that the triboelectric energy harvester can be simple and cost effective. However, sufficient electricity level required to operate mobile devices has not yet been achieved.In this research, our group focuses on the design and optimization of triboelectric energy harvesting device to enhance its output. By using maskless lithography to pattern Kapton film and silicon substrate, which is used as a mold for PDMS thin layer, and sputtering metal electrodes on each side, we fabricate and demonstrate different designs of triboelectric energy harvester that utilizes the contact electrification between a polymer thin film and a metal thin foil. In order to achieve optimized result, the output voltage and current are measured under diverse conditions, which include different surface structure and pattern, material, and the gap between layers.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.27.1-27.9
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of the thickness and shade of 3 types of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 specimens of 2 shades (A1 and A3) and 2 thicknesses (1 and 2 mm) were fabricated using VITA Mark II (VM; VITA Zahnfabrik), IPS e.max CAD (IE; IvoclarVivadent), and VITA Suprinity (VS; VITA Zahnfabrik) (n = 10 per subgroup). The amount of light transmission through the ceramic specimens was measured by a radiometer (Optilux, Kerr). Light-cured resin cement samples (Choice 2, Bisco) were fabricated in a Teflon mold and activated through the various ceramics with different shades and thicknesses using an LED unit (Bluephase, IvoclarVivadent). In the control group, the resin cement sample was directly light-cured without any ceramic. Vickers microhardness indentations were made on the resin surfaces (KoopaPazhoohesh) after 24 hours of dark storage in a $37^{\circ}C$ incubator. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by the Tukey post hoc test (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Ceramic thickness and shade had significant effects on light transmission and the microhardness of all specimens (p < 0.05). The mean values of light transmittance and microhardness of the resin cement in the VM group were significantly higher than those observed in the IE and VS groups. The lowest microhardness was observed in the VS group, due to the lowest level of light transmission (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Greater thickness and darker shades of the 3 types of CAD/CAM ceramics significantly decreased the microhardness of the underlying resin cement.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.529-534
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• 2020

인류 문명의 발전은 산업화에 따른 도시의 발전과 운송 기술의 진화와 맥을 같이한다. 지금까지의 도시 발전은 수송비 절감과 한정된 중심업무 지구로서의 토지 이용 요구에 따라 진행되어왔다. 도시 인구 밀집도의 지속적인 증가는 지가상승, 교통 혼잡, 빈부격차, 공해발생 등과 같이 사회·경제적으로 많은 문제를 일으켜 왔고 현재의 도시 생태 시스템으로는 전반적인 해결에 어려움이 있다. 그러나 문제의 해결을 위한 실마리는 바로 도시생태계 내에서 찾을 수 있다. 서울 심야버스 운행 노선의 설계는 바로 심야의 도시 내 이동 인구의 흐름을 정보통신 기술을 이용해 분석하여 얻은 결과이다. 이렇듯 도시 문제의 해결은 도시 생태계의 분석에서 출발하는 것이 타당하다. 문제의 원인을 알았다면 시민의 삶의 질을 높이기 위해 빅데이터 플랫폼 구축이 필요하고 이를 통한 해결이 가능하다. 이 플랫폼의 중심에는 정보통신 기술의 기반 하에 도시의 구성 요소와 연결되어 실시간 수집, 분석 및 적용되는 빅데이터가 자리 잡고 있어야한다. 본 연구를 통해 지속 가능한 스마트 시티를 위한 빅데이터 플랫폼 구축과 적용 방안에 대하여 고찰한다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2009

The use of a filler material in epoxy composite materials is an essential condition for reducing the unit cost of production and reinforcing mechanical strength. However, the dielectric strength of insulators decreases rapidly due to interactions between the epoxy resin and filler particles. In contrast to existing composite materials, nano-composite materials have superior dielectric strength, mechanical strength, and enduring chemical properties due to an increase in the bond strength of the polymer and nano material, It is reported that nano-fillers provide new characteristics different from the properties of the polymer material. This study is to improve the insulation capability of epoxy resins used in the insulation of a power transformer apparatus and many electronic devices mold. To accomplish this, the additional amount of nano-$SiO_2$ to epoxy resin was changed and the epoxy/$SiO_2$ nano composite materials were made, and the fundamental electrical properties were investigated using a physical properties and an analysis breakdown test. Using allowable breakdown probability, the optimum breakdown strength for designing an electrical apparatus was determined. The results found that the electrical characteristics of the nano-$SiO_2$ content specimens were superior to the virgin specimens. The 0.4 wt% specimens showed the highest electrical properties among the specimens examined with an allowable breakdown probability of 20 %, which indicates stable breakdown strength in insulating machinery design.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2017

In the current machining industry, machining precision is necessary and machining is being carried out. In this ultra-precision machining industry, the fixation of the workpiece is very important and the degree of machining depends on the degree of fixation of the workpiece. In ultra-precision machining, various methods, such as using a vise chuck or the like and using bolt nut coupling, are used for fixing a workpiece to an existing machine tool. In particular, when the precision gripping force of the jig is insufficient during machining of the ultra-precision mold parts, the machining material shakes due to the vibration or friction, and the machining precision is lowered. In the ultra-precision machining of power transmission parts, such as gears, the accuracy of the product is then determined. In addition, the amount of heat generated during machining has a significant effect on the machining accuracy. This is because the vibration value changes according to the grasp force of the jig that fixes the workpiece, and the change in the calorific value due to the change in the main shaft rotation speed of the ultra-precision machining. The increase in the spindle rotation speed during machining decreased the heat generation during machining, and the machining accuracy was also good, and it was confirmed that the machining heat changed according to the fixed state of the workpiece and the machining accuracy also changed. In this study, we try to optimize the driving part of the power vise by using structural analysis, rather than the power vise, using the basic mechanical-type power unit.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1035-1040
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• 2011

본 논문은 세라믹과 금속파우더를 이용한 복합소재를 플라즈마 용사 방식으로 개발한 결과를 수록하였다. 사용된 세라믹 파우더는 $Al_2O_3+40TiO_2$ 이고 입자 크기는 $20{\mu}m$, $Al_2O_398+$파우더의 입자 크기는 $45{\mu}m$를 사용하였다. $20{\mu}m$, $30{\mu}m$ 및 $50{\mu}m$ 금속필터 입자는 SIKA-R 20IS, 30IS 및 50IS(소결금속필터)을 사용 했으며, $75{\mu}m$ 금속필터 입자는 5 겹 소결메쉬 필터를 사용��다. 용사 공정으로 가공된 복합 필터는 세라믹 파우더의 종류, 크기 및 코팅 두께에 따라 성능의 차이를 보였으나, 전반적으로 필터링 가능 능력은 향상되었다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2007

3 Megapixel, 2.5배 Zoom 카메라폰 모듈용 광학계 중 비구면과 평면으로 설계된 평볼록형 비구면 Glass렌즈를 고온압축성형법으로 제작하였다. 제작된 비구면 Glass 성형렌즈의 성능은 성형렌즈의 형상정도(PV) 전사성과 해상도로 평가하였다. Glass렌즈 성형용 몰드의 형상정도(PV)는 비구면의 경우 $0.127\;{\mu}m$, 평면의 경우 $0.168\;{\mu}m$이었고, 성형된 렌즈의 형상정도(PV)는 비구면의 경우 $0.205\;{\mu}m$, 평면의 경우 $0.223\;{\mu}m로 $90{\sim}95%$의 전사정도를 보였다. 성형렌즈의 해상도 평가를 위해 렌즈의 MTF[Contrast]를 측정하였다. 공간주파수 80 lp/mm에서 Contrast가 32.9%을 보였으며, 이 값은 렌즈 광학설계의 전산모사에서 얻어진 Contrast 33%에 근사한 값으로 성형렌즈의 해상도 특성이 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2010

Lime was the solidifier mostly used at the fields of construction and civil works in the past. however, the development of Portland cement remarkably reduced the use of it. Recently as the concernment on circumstances gets higher, lime wined attention again as an eco-friendly material and was used at earth-using construction. This study examined the physical and chemical capacity of lime complexes with lime capacity improved, and performed fundamental study on the way to concretize by mixing it with earth. As a result, lime complex pressure strength was lower than cement pressure strength but it showed the possibility that its strength was improved by W/B control. The measurement of XRD after paste formation confirmed a compound generated by the reaction of Ca2+ion and Si, Al, and Fe from pozzolan reaction. A earth wall experiment by using lime complexes and earth showed that the higher, WB or the lower the quantity of unit combined materials, the lower the pressure strength was. The maximum pressure strength was maximum 11MPa when the quantity of unit combined materials was 450. It is because the composed earth particles had a high content of micro powder less than silt, so a lot of combination are demanded to secure fluidity. As a result of peptization experiment, after hardening, the material was not dissolved, which informed of the possibility of use as an outer subsidiary material. If the material is hardened by mold formation method, natural hardening crack appears. Cast expresses smart surface quality and enables to design for multiple purpose. The result shows the possibility of construction of low-story structures by using earth wall made of lime complexes and earth.