• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권1호통권29호
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• pp.132-140
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• 1995

Object : This study is designed to evaluate the correlation between the data of DITI(Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging)examination and the changes of clinical symptom after the therapy of acupuncture in the patients with herniated cervical intervertebral disc. Content : The conservative therapy with acupuncture was performed during $4{\sim}5$ weeks, The acupuncture points of SI3, B62, TE3, G34, LI4, S36, GV26, G21, SII5 were used. In the pre- and post therapy, DITI examinations were performed in patients who had HIVD and were treated by acupuncture simultaneously, and then tried to correlate the results of clinical symptoms with the difference of thermographic findings at pre-acupuncture and post-acupuncture. Setting : The standard routine thermoghaphic examinations were performed with thermography(DITI) in the 15 patients with lumbar disc herniations at pre- and post acupuncture. Patient : Thermographic imaging of 15 cases were analyzed. They has disc herniations in X-ray, CT scan and MRI and they were treated by acupuncture theraphy in our hospital from March, 1994 to January, 1995. Result : 1) The causes were trauma(60%), retention of phlegm and fluid(8.7%) and cold & moisture(33.3%) 2) Levels of herniated cervical disc are C2/3(1 case). C3/4(2 cases), C5/6 & C6/7 (2 cases), C6/7(4 cases), Normal(6 cases). 3) Classifications of thermographic pattern are radiculopathy(80%), spot(13.3%), and nonspecific(6.7%) in order. 4) In evaluation Results of clinical symptom are Excellent(80%), Good(6.7%), and Poor(6.7%). Data of DITI are Excellent(80%), Good(6.7%), Fair(6.7%), and Poor(6.7%). Conclusion ; Acupuncture showed good results over 86.7% in clinical evaluation and 86.7% in DITI. Thermographic examination was valuable in the evaluation of therapeutic effect of acupuncture treatment.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.1299-1305
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• 2014

For evaluating the effect of various artificial planting soil properties on the Euonymus fortunei 'Emelad'n Gold' growth, a container green wall system experiment was conducted in a wall of greenhouse at Konkuk University, Glocal campus. The experimental artificial planting grounds were prepared with different organic soil conditioner ratios (Control, $A_4O_1$, $A_2O_1$ and $A_1O_1$) and with drought tolerance and an ornamental value Euonymus fortunei 'Emelad'n Gold' was planted. The soil and plant characteristics were investigated from April to Jun 2010. The volumetric soil moisture contents were significantly increasing order as the amount of organic soil conditioner level increased in order to $A_1O_1$ > $A_2O_1$ > $A_4O_1$ > Control. At 4 treatment, soil chemical properties were inversely related to organic soil container ratios increase. The differences of root collar caliper, number of branch, and survival rate between the organic soil conditioner ratio were not significantly affected by organic soil conditioner. But, plant height, internode length, leaf length and leaf width were significantly shorter on plants planted $A_1O_1$ than plants planted other treatments. Therefore, Euonymus fortunei 'Emelad'n Gold' had good growth response regardless of organic soil conditioner ratio and the plant is expected to be a highly valuable shrub for the green wall system if it should be considered in integration with stormwater retention or as a soil conditioner for increasing soil water contents in artificial planting soil.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.379-387
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• 1997

논에서의 수문 특성을 현장 조사 및 측정하고, 강우-유출 자료로부터 논의 최대 잠재저류장의 확률적 특성을 분석하여, 선행강우조건에 따른 CN을 추정하였다. 추정된 CN은 AMC II의 경우 78이었으며, AMC-I, III의 경우에는 각각 63, 88이었다. 논의 강우-유출자료에 의한 CN은 년 홍수량 자료의 적용여부가 불확실하므로 이를 보완하고, 물고높이나 초기담수심의 영향을 구체적으로 규명하기 위하여 논의 물수지 모형을 구성하였다. 논의 유출량은 선행 강우뿐 아니라 초기담수심에 따라 변화하므로 최대 잠재저류량을 이용하여 CN을 결정하기에는 어려움이 따른다. 따라서, 최대 잠재저류량의 경우와 같이 담수심의 확룰분포함수를 이용하여 CN을 추정하였다. 물수지모형을 이용하여 확률담수심, 물고높이 및 기상자료로부터 논의 유출량을 추정하였다. 추정된 유출량으로부터 CN을 계산하고, 확률 담수심에 해당하는 CN-I, CN-II, CN-III을 결정하였으며, 그 값은 각각 70, 79, 89이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1016-1019
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the nutrient composition of hydroponic water dropwort and the effect of blanching condition on ascorbic acid content. Nutrient composition of hydroponic water dropwort of mid harvest on the 30th day was measured in three portions of leaves, petioles and stems, and was compared with that of late harvest on the 40th day. Hydroponic water dropwort was obtained from the Department of Horticultural Science, Seoul National University. The results were as follows. The nutrients content of leaves were significantly higher in ash and ascorbic acid and lower in moisture, crude fat and crude fiber than those of stems and petioles. There was no significant difference in total vitamin A and thiamin contents between three portions. Ascorbic acid content of leaves harvested on the 30th day was the highest, 57mg/100g, and decreased to 18mg/100g in the leaves harvested on the 40th day. Marked increase in crude fiber and vitamin A content of leaves was observed in late harvest may be due to the maturation. The results of nutrient composition analysis suggest that the leaves of hydroponic water dropwort is important in ascorbic acid and ash. It is recommended that shorter blanching time and addition of 0.5% NaCl to the blanching water are better for higher ascorbic acid retention of hydroponic water dropwort. In conclusion, as hydroponic water dropwort has high content in ash, calcium, vitamin and free sugar with alkalinity, leaves as well as stems and petioles can be recommonded as a vegetable of high nutritional quality.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2019

Background: Skin is an organ that protects the human body from various environmental stimuli that can induce immune system activation. Skin aging can be largely divided into two categories: physiological aging, which is caused by the a decreased physiological function of the skin and structural changes with aging, and photoaging, which is caused by the chemical stress induced by external stimuli such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Methods and Results: The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-wrinkle and UV protective effect of catechin-rich green tea extract (CGTE) in activated keratinocyte (HaCaT cells) and UV-induced skin damage in hairless mice. The results showed that CGTE inhibits the tumor necrosis factor-alpha interferon-gamma ($TNF-{\alpha}+IFN-{\gamma}$)-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 in HaCaT cells. In addition, the CGTE treatment significantly reduced wrinkle formation, epidermal thickness, collagen deposition, and transepidermal water loss in dorsal skin irradiated with UVB. However, the ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity was significantly increased. The CGTE treatment inhibits mRNA expression and enzyme activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the dorsal skin irradiated with UVB. Conclusions: It is expected that CGTE can be effectively used as a functional food and cosmetic ingredient to improve skin moisture retention and reduce wrinkle formation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.3-15
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• 1975

How to stabilize wood against shrinking and swelling in variable atmospheric moisture conditions is important to the wood-using industry and a challenge to research. Polyethylene glycol stabilize wood by bulking the fiber. PEG also serve as a chemical seasoning agent, suppress decay in high concentrations, and have slight effect on physical properties, gluing or finishing. The study designed to determine the effect of PEG-400 on the dimensional stabilization of local hardwoods for wood carvings that could supply a greatly expanding tourist trade and making curved furniture parts, lamp stands and other decorative objects, and possible gunstock. The species examined were 6 species, Seo-Namoo (Carpinus laxiflora), Cheungcheung-Namoo (Cornus controversa), Gorosae-Namoo (Acer mono), Karae-Namoo (Juglans mandshurica), Jolcham-Namoo (Quercusserrata) and Sanbud-Namoo (Prunus sargentii), used as block of 5cm thick radially to the grain, 7cm wide tangentially, and 70cm long parallel to the wood grain. All these test piecies were conditioned above the fiber saturation point before impregnation. The stabilization effects were determined for PEG-400 treated woods in a 50 percent solution for 20 days. The following conclusions were obtained. PEG retentions increased with treating time. It was more effective to treat at 60$^{\circ}C$ than at room temperature. In degree of PEG-400 impregnation on species, Cheungcheung-Namoo havinglow specific gravity had the highest retentions, 68.77% but the lowest, 56.33% was shown in Jolcham-Namoo with high specific gravity. Specific gravity of treated wood increased considerably with effectiveness of polymer loading. The increases in specific gravity were 5.36 to 13.16 percent. The highest was Jolcham-Namoo, the lowest Karae-Namoo. On the dimensional stability, a 40 percent of effectiveness of polymer loading was just as effective as 60 percent in reduction in water absorptivity (RWA), antishrinkage efficiency (ASE) and antiswelling efficiency (AE), and from over 60 percent they increased more rapidly. Also species response varied considerably. ASE was 30.12 to 69.97 percent tangentially and 27.86 to 56.37 percent radially, AE 34.06 to 73.76 percent tangentially and 30.11 to 70.12 percent radially, and RWA 42.31 to 65.32 percent. No differences in volume swelling among the 6 species were observed. Its values were ranged from 14.98 to 19.55 percent and also increased with PEG retentions. On the mechanical properties, the strengths very much decreased with PEG-400 loadings as shown in Figure 12; that were 11.41 to 22.90 percent in compression, 21.61 to 34.35 percent in bending and 22.83 to 36.83 percent in tensile strength. PEG retention in cell wall was less than 1 percent and the most of PEG were immersed in cell lumen. Except for Korae-Namoo, effectivenesses of polymer loading were as much high as 61.58 to 75.02 percent. This is believed to be due to the effect of PEG-400 on excellant dimensional stability of treated woods.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.389-399
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• 2018

Background: The antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng have been reported in several articles; however, little is known about the antimelanogenesis effect, skin-protective effect, and cellular mechanism of Panax ginseng, especially of P. ginseng calyx. To understand how an ethanol extract of P. ginseng berry calyx (Pg-C-EE) exerts skin-protective effects, we studied its activities in activated melanocytes and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced keratinocytes. Methods: To confirm the antimelanogenesis effect of Pg-C-EE, we analyzed melanin synthesis and secretion and messenger RNA and protein expression levels of related genes. Ultraviolet B (UVB) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) were used to induce cell damage by ROS generation. To examine whether this damage is inhibited by Pg-C-EE, we performed cell viability assays and gene expression and transcriptional activation analyses. Results: Pg-C-EE inhibited melanin synthesis and secretion by blocking activator protein 1 regulatory enzymes such as p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), and cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate response element-binding protein. Pg-C-EE also suppressed ROS generation induced by $H_2O_2$ and UVB. Treatment with Pg-C-EE decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and hyaluronidases and increased the cell survival rate. Conclusion: These results suggest that Pg-C-EE may have antimelanogenesis properties and skin-protective properties through regulation of activator protein 1 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein signaling. Pg-C-EE may be used as a skin-improving agent, with moisture retention and whitening effects.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.86-92
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• 1989

신개간경사지(新開墾傾斜地) 토양(土壤)에 대(對)한 토양개량(土壤改良) 요인별(要因別) 처리(處理)가 토양(土壤)의 물리성(物理性) 변화(變化) 및 옥수수 청예수량(靑刈收量)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 경사(傾斜) 20%인 송정(松汀) 양토(壤土)에 대조구(對照區), 퇴비구(堆肥區), 심경구(深耕區), 석회구(石灰區), 인산구(燐酸區) 및 종합개량구(綜合改良區) 등(等)의 6개(個) 처리(處理)를 하여 1985년(年)부터 3년간(年間) 청예용(靑刈用) 옥수수를 재배(栽培)하면서 토양(土壤)의 물리성(物理性) 변화(變化) 및 청예(靑刈) 수량(收量)을 조사(調査) 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같았다. 1. 옥수수 생육기간중(生育期間中)의 유효(有效) 적산온도(積算溫度)(GDD)는 '85년(年) $820.6^{\circ}C$, '86년(年) $810.2^{\circ}C$ 그리고 '87년(年)은 $812.4^{\circ}C$이었다. 2. 토양(土壤)의 가비중(假比重)은 개간당년(開墾當年)에는 처리별(處理別)로 변화폭(變化幅)이 컸으나 2년차(年次)에는 완만(緩慢)해지다가 3년차(年次)에는 대조구(對照區)가 가장 높았고 종합개량구(綜合改良區)가 가장 낮았으며 다른 처리구(處理區)에서는 비슷하게 되었다. 경도(硬度)는 심경(深耕)을 한 심경구(深耕區)와 종합개량구(綜合改良區)가 가장 낮아졌으며 내수성(耐水性) 입단율(粒團率)과 통기성(通氣性)도 종합개량구(綜合改良區)와 심경구(深耕區)에시 가장 좋았으며 보수력(保水力)은 처리별(處理別)로 큰 차이(差異)를 보이지 않았다. 3. 옥수수 건물수량(乾物收量)은 1년차(年次)보다는 2년차(年次)에서 낮았으나 3년차(年次)에는 높았다. 처리별(處理別) 증수률(增收率)은 종합개량구(綜合改良區)>심경구(深耕區)>석회구(石灰區)>인산구(燐酸區)>퇴비구(堆肥區)>대조구(對照區)의 순(順)으로 높았으며 처리별(處理別)에는 1% 수준(水準)에서 유의차(有意差)를 보였다. 4. 옥수수 건물수량(乾物收量)과 토양(土壤)의 물리성(物理性)과의 상관관계(相關關係)은 1% 수준(水準)에서 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)을 보였으나 토양보수력(土壤保水力)과는 유의성(有意性)이 없었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1417-1423
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• 2011

본 연구는 용기형 벽면녹화에서 유기질비료의 비율에 따른 노랑조팝나무의 생육을 실험적으로 평가함으로써, 빗물활용을 위한 적합한 식재지반 조성과 벽면녹화 수종으로서 관목류의 활용성을 높이고자 하며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 6월 무강수 실험기간 동안 용기형 벽면녹화 식재지반 내 토양수분함량을 중량단위로 측정한 결과, $A_1L_1$ > $A_2L_1$ > $A_4L_1$ > $A_8L_1$ > $A_1L_0$ 순으로, 유기질비료의 비율이 높을수록 완만하게 감소하였다. 2. 유기질비료 배합비율에 따른 노랑조팝나무의 생육은 대조구인 $A_1L_0$과 비교해 볼 때, 실험구별 생육 차이는 확연하지 않았으나 $A_2L_1$이 전체 처리구 중 가장 양호한 생육상태를 보였다. 3. 생존율은 대조구인 $A_1L_0$에서 모든 식물이 고사한 반면, 유기질비료 비율이 높을수록 생존율은 향상되었다. 이러한 실험적 결과를 통해, 빗물활용 용기형 벽면녹화에서 유기질비료는 노랑조팝나무의 생육보다는 생존을 향상시키는 것으로 나타나, 빗물만으로 물공급이 이루어지는 벽면녹화에 건조기를 대비할 수 있는 녹화방안이라 본다. 또한 이와 더불어 식재지반 내 토양수분함량을 높이기 위한 토양개량제나 빗물저류시스템의 연계가 고려된다면 노랑조팝나무는 용기형 벽면녹화에 활용가능성이 높은 관목이라 판단된다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.603-608
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• 2001

낮은 농도 (0.41 g/㎥)에서 바이오필터 장치의 제거효율은 5 L/min과 10L/min에서 각각 30~70% 이상을 보여주는 반먼에 고농도 (1.23 g/㎥)에서의 효율은 10~60%이다. 그리고 Synthesized media를 담체로 사용한 바이오필터의 성능이 다른 바이오필터에 비하여 좋지 않았으며, barks를 사용한 바이오필터에 비하여 좋지 않았으며, barks를 사용한 바이오필터의 제거율이 입구농도 0.8g/㎥에서 약 70%로 가장 좋은 성능을 보였다. 이는 합성담체가 porous하여 그 보습능력이 다른 담체들에 비하여 떨어지기 때문임을 알 수 있었다. 바이오필터가 제거할 수 있는 공기중의 톨루엔양은 입구의 단위 시간당 농도를 증가시킴으로써 제거량이 증가함으로 알 수 있었으며, barks를 담체로 사용한 바이오필터의 제거량이 유입 부하량 40 g/㎥에서 최대 30 g/㎥으로 가장 우수한 것으로 나타나, 수분 및 활성의 유지가 안돼는 악의 조건하에서의 바이오필터 적응능력 면에서는 bark를 사용하는 것이 가장 바람직함을 알 수 있었다. 한편 바이오필터의 우수한 거동을 위해서는 필터층의 적당한 수분함량 조절이 가장 필수적이며, 각 바이오필터의 pH 변화는 7~8로써, 중성영역을 유지하는 것이 바람직하였다. 모든 바이오필터 시스템에서 압력강하는 0.054 cm$H_2O$/m로서 무시할 만큼 낮았고, 특히 합성담체의 경우에 다른 담체들에 비하여 압력손실이 현저히 낮았다.저히 낮았다.