• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.204-209
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• 1993

This investigation was undertaken for the purpose of studying the chemical properties of different kinds of spinach by various blanching procedure. Ascorbic acid, mineral and oxalic acid retention of spinaches, as well as blanch effluent composition were the major factors considered with Dong-cho(winter spinach) and vinylhouse grown spinach. Ash, crude protein, crude fat and vitamin C contents of Dong-cho were higher than those of vinylhouse spinach. On the other hand, vinylhouse grown spinach showed higher content in moisture, phosporous, calcium and oxalic acid. Most of the components in spinaches were decreased by increasing the blanching water volume and time. Reducing sugar and solid content in blanch effluent of Dong-cho were increased by increasing the blanching water volume and time, however, vinylhouse spinach showed no reducing sugar.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.16-37
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• 1988

A new quaternary ammonium compound, hydrolyzed ginseng-sapoin quaternary (HGSQ), from hydrolyzed Korean ginseng-saponin and 2, 3-epoxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride has been developed as a conditioning agent for hair care products. This structure has the hydrophilic group from the introduced cationic and the hydrophobic group from the aglycone of ginseng saponin. Its properties: surface tension, conductivity, critical micelle concentration, eye irritation, sorption onto hair, force reduction (%) for 20% extension and moisture retention effect comparing with the commercial standards. Also half-head tests of HGSQ-containing shampoo were carried out to compare the conditioning effects in shampoos.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.170-175
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• 1995

Physical and physiological properties of isomaltooligosaccaride (IMO), fructooligosaccharide (FO) and sucrose were investigated. The viscosity and moisture retention power of IMO were similar to those of FO. IMO had an excellent heat and pH stability compared with FO and sucrose. To investigate the effect of oligosaccharides on the growth of mice, each sample was administered orally to mice for 2 weeks. Weight change, moisture content of feces, weight of appendix and the ratio of Bifidobacterium to total microorganisms in the feces were examined. There were no significant differences in the weight increases and the efficiency of feeds. Moisture content of feces was highest in the IMO feeding group, and IMO promoted selectively the growth of Bifidobacterium. On the other hand, FO group showed bigger cecum than other groups.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.488-495
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• 2009

Pork cutlet is a favorite deep fat fried food item among Korean children, and an excellent protein-containing food, and as well as a simple and economical cuisine. However, the frying process adds a significant amount of calories. We added MC (Methylcellulose) and HPMC (Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose) to the batter in an effort to reduce oil uptake in prepared pork cutlets. After additions of MC and HPMC at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 1.5% respectively, we assessed the viscosity of batter, color after frying, the increases in moisture retention and oil uptake, and sensory characteristics, comparing each quality. The viscosity of batter with 0.5% HPMC added (w/w) was similar to that of the controls, but the viscosity of all the batter with added MC was so much higher that it was difficult to use the batter for coating at the same temperature, leading to a failure even to prepare a sample. After frying, the batter with added HPMC provided significantly less oil uptake and more moisture retention than the batter to which MC was added. Additionally, with regard to color and sensory characteristics, the pork cutlet with 0.5% added HPMC was superior to the other samples. According to these results, we concluded that when cellulose derivatives are added in order to reduce oil uptake and to raise the moisture retention of the batter of pork cutlet, HPMC is more useful in this regard than MC. Additionally, the batter with 0.5% HPMC added appears to be the best of the tested choices, for three reasons: first, the viscosity of the batter is similar to that of the controls; second, the taste is not greasy after frying as the result of the reduced oil uptake and higher moisture retention; and third, the sensory characteristics of this sample, such as, color, crispiness, and hardness were the best among samples.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.486-490
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of carbonized biomass from crop residues on soil carbon storage during soybean cultivation. The carbonized biomass was made by field scale mobile pyrolyzer. The treatments consisted of control without input and three levels of carbonized biomass inputs as $59.5kg10a^{-1}$, C-1 ; $119kg10a^{-1}$, C-2 ; $238kg10a^{-1}$, C-3. Soil samples were collected during the 113 days of experimental periods, and analyzed soil pH and moisture contents. Soil carbon contents and soybean yield were measured at harvesting period. For the experimental results, soil pH ranged from 6.8 to 7.5, and then increased with increasing carbonized material input. Soil moisture contents were slightly higher by 0.1~1.5% than the control, but consistent pattern was not observed among the treatments. Soil carbon and organic carbon contents in the treatments increased at 24 and 15% relative to the control at 15 days after sowing, respectively. Loss rate of SOC (soil organic carbon) relative to its initial content was 7.2% in control followed by C-1, 6.8%> C-2, 3.5%>C-3, 1.1% during the experimental periods. The SOC change rate decreased with increasing carbonized biomass rate. It was appeared that soybean yields were $476.9kg10a^{-1}$ in the control, and ranged from 453.6 to $527.3kg10a^{-1}$ in the treatments. However, significant difference was not found among the treatments. It might be considered that the experimental results will be applied to soil carbon sequestration for future study.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

Glucosylceramides (GluCer) are known to play an important role in both water retention and epidermal permeability barrier function in the mammalian stratum corneum. In this study, we investigated the effects of pineapple fruit extract containing glucosylceramides (PFEG) on the maintenance and recovery of skin barrier function using atopic dermatitis-induced animal models. Five-week-old male Hos:HR-1 mice were divided into four groups fed on standard diet, unsaturated fatty acids-deficient (HR-AD) diet, and HR-AD diet supplemented with 0.01% or 0.1% pineapple-GluCer. Skin barrier function was evaluated by transepidermal water loss (TEWL), dermal moisture content, moisture content of the stratum corneum and wrinkle formation. The control group (HR-AD administration group) showed increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL), while the epidermal moisture content and the moisture content of the stratum corneum slowly decreased. However, in the PFEG groups (with 0.1% or 0.01% glucosylceramide), the TEWL levels were significantly reduced at 2 weeks. The PFEG also helped maintain skin moisturizing function by significantly suppressing the decrease of the epidermal moisture content and the moisture content of the stratum corneum. These results show that the PFEG is effective for maintaining and improving the function of the skin barrier. Therefore, this study suggests that PFEG is a potential candidate material for skin functional foods.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.685-691
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of some soil conditioners, such as polyvinylalcohol(PVA), zeolite and perlite, on the changes of soil physical properties and on tobacco growth in paddy-upland rotated field. Soil conditioners were treated at the rates of 120kg in PVA, 500kg in zeolite and perlite per l0a, respectively. Ratio of soil aggregates formed from the treated plots tended to. be higher than those from the control in the order of PVA > perlite > zeolite. The wet aggregate stability, mean weight diameter, moisture retention and air permeability from the treated plots tended to be higher than those from the control. Amounts of water-stable aggregates of PV A-treated soil increased with higher soil moisture showing a peak at 50% of moisture content. But with respect to particle of size aggregate formed for crop growth and workability in field, it was presumed that 40% of soil moisture content would be most desirable. Visual characters of soil surface throughout the experiment clearly showed that treated soils were maintaining better surface roughness and porosity than control, but difference in water stable aggregates among treated plots tended to be narrowed. The growths of tobacco, espacially its root zone were better in conditioner treated plots than in non-treated plot showing best in PVA-treated soil.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.481-489
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the pressure treatment characteristics of Japanese red pine and Japanese larch skin timber with ACQ-2, CUAZ-2 and CuHDO-1. The effect of moisture content (MC) on preservative treatability was investigated for Japanese red pine sapwood and Japanese larch heartwood, and fixation characteristics of CCA alternatives was also evaluated. Japanese red pine sapwood, which was dried below 30 percent MC, was fully penetrated with preservatives, and minimum requirement of preservative retention for the hazard class H3 was achieved. Through measuring preservative retention gradient in Japanese red pine sapwood, it was confirmed that the retention gradient of CuHDO-1 was steeper than that of both ACQ-2 and CUAZ-2. In particular, it was intensified at a higher MCs of wood samples (25∼30%). Japanese larch heartwood did not meet the minimum requirement of penetration and retention for the hazard class H3 over the range of pretreatment MCs tested. With presteaming under $121^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours, the treatability of Japanese larch heartwood was enhanced to meet the minimum requirement for the hazard class H3. The fixation rate of copper was much more faster under drying condition compared with nondrying condition; more than 95% of copper were fixed in 3~6 days and 1 day under drying conditions in Japanese red pine sapwood and Japanese larch heartwood, respectively. After 3-week fixation period at ambient temperature, the amount of mobile copper in treated wood sample that remains available for leaching from treated wood was the highest in the wood samples treated with ACQ-2, followed by CuHDO-1 and CUAZ-2. It was proportional to the amount of copper in treating solution.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.118-123
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• 2000

Food waste results in various problems such as decay, odors and leachate in collection, transportation and landfill due to the high volatile solids and moisture content. Acidogenic fermentation of food waste is influenced by the environmental conditions such as pH, retention time, etc. Each component of food waste is degraded under the different environmental conditions. Starch, cellulose and protein have their own optimum pHs and retention times for degradation. The degradation of starch increases at low pH, cellulose with increasing retention time, and protein with increasing retention time as well as approaching neutral pH. These mean that the degradation of food waste can be enhanced by adjusting the environmental conditions of acidogenic fermentation. The efficiency of acidification increased from 71.2 to 81.1% by controlling dilution(D) rate from 3.0 to $1.0d^{-1}$ depending on the state of the fermentation. The main component of the acidified product was shifted from butyric to acetic acid, indicating that the increase of acidification was mainly caused by the enhanced degradation of vegetables and meats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.434-441
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• 2023

This study investigated quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of beetroots after blanching. Beetroots were blanched in distilled water, 2% NaCl water, and 2% citric acid water at 100℃ for 3 minutes (the blanched group). The moisture content was highest in the control (CON) at 91.30% (p<0.05), and cooking loss was lowest in the water-blanched beetroot (BW) at 5.39% (p<0.01). Chromaticity decreased after blanching compared to CON (p<0.001). Total polyphenol contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) decreased after blanching, and as a result of comparing the True retention (TR) of the blanching treatment group, BW had the highest with TPC TR 91.22% and TFC TR 70.51%. DPPH and ABTS+radical scavenging activities were highest in the CON, and in the blanching group BW was highest scavenging activity. The total number of microorganisms in the CON group was 2.97 log CFU/g, whereas no microorganisms were detected in the blanched groups. Therefore, this study, blanching in water without additives is the most appropriate method for preserving physiologically active substances and nutrients in beetroots and inhibiting microbial growth.