• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2001년도 추계 수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.149-150
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• 2001

A fish feed being used most widely in aquacultural farm is a moist pellet (MP) feed which has been being prepared by mixing of commercial dry feed and nutritional oil to raw fish ky. The two major problems in the use of MP feed is to be readily dispersed in water of an aquacultural farm, and to cause lipid oxidation and bacteria infection during storage. The former induce an environmental pollution of the farm and the latter lower nutritional values and develop fish diseasees. (omitted)

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 1995

시기별, 크기별로 조피볼락의 성장 패턴을 조사하기 위해 현재 양어가들이 주로 사용하고 있는 생사료(냉동 전갱이)와 분말사료(넙치육성용)를 1:1의 비율로 혼합하여 제조한 moist pellet으로, 장기간 사육실험을 하여 조피볼락의 성장, 사료효율, 먹이섭취율 등을 조사하였다. 1992년 5월 6일 산출된 치어와 1993년 4월 19일 산출된 치어를 대상으로 2회에 걸쳐 사육 실험한 결과, 500g까지 성장하는데는 산출 후 약 2 년간, 200g까지는 약 1년간이 소요되었으며, 두 실험 모두 사육기간 중에 거의 직선적으로 체중이 증가된 경향을 보였다. 사육 기간별 성장 단계에 따른 사육 결과를 살펴보면, 기간별로 다소 변동적이기는 하나, 사료효율, 증중율, 일간증중율, 일간먹이섭취율 및 일간단백질섭취율은 두 실험 모두 사육기간이 경과함에 따라 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 성장 초기 단계에 현저히 감소하다가 평균체중 200g 이후부터는 거의 일정한 값을 유지하였다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.562-567
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate of improving extruded pellet (EP) for growth of juvenile flounder by comparing with raw fish-based moist pellet (MP) diet. Two replicate groups of 80 fish per each tank (initial weight of $36.0{\pm}1.2 g$) were fed one of the three EPs (EP1, EP2 and CEP) and (MP for 16 weeks. Survival was not significantly affected by experimental diets (P>0.05). Weight gain of fish fed the MP was not significantly different from that of fish fed the EP1 & EP2 (P>0.05), but that of fish fed CEP was significantly lower than that of fish fed MP (P<0.05). Specific growth rate of fish fed the CEP was significantly lower than those of fish fed EP1, EP2 and MP (P<0.05). Feed efficiency of fish fed the EP1 was significantly higher than those of fish fed CEP and MP (P<0.05), but not significantly different from those of fish fed EP2 (P>0.05). The Contents of crude protein and crude lipid in whole body were significantly different among all groups (P<0.05). Therefore, these results strongly suggest that EP1 & EP2 diets could be developed to replace MP diet for flounder without adverse effects on growth performance.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.261-269
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• 1995

조피볼락 용 배합 사료를 개발하기 위한 기초 단계로서 우선 간단한 형태의 실험용 배합 사료(대조사료)를 제조하여, 그 효과를 확인해 보았다. 그리고 실험 사료의 효과가 인정되면, 이 사료를 대조사료로 하여 반복 실험을 통해 사료의 질을 점차 개선함과 동시에 원가를 낮추는 연구를 계속할 계획이다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 북양어분(백색 어분)을 주단백원으로 하고 소맥분과 비타민을 첨가한 배합 사료(대조 사료)를 제조한 후, 사육 실험을 통해 그 성능을 기존의 생사료($80\%$ 냉동전갱이 + $20\%$ 분말사료) 및 moist pellet $50\%$ 냉동전갱이 + $50\%$분말사료)과 비교하였으며, 어체 품질에 대한 관능 평가도 실시하였다. 평균 체중은 실험개시시 68.5g이었던 것이 11개월 후인 실험종료시에는 330g 내외에 달하였고, 세 실험구간에 유의차가 없었다(P>0.05).증중율 및 일간증중율도 대조 사료나 생사료구간에 차이없이 비슷한 수준을 유지하였다(P>0.05). 사료효율은 대조 사료가 생사료구나 moist pellet구보다 낮은 반면, 일간먹이섭취율은 대조 사료구가 타 실험구보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 그리고 일간단백질섭취율은 세 실험구 모두 비슷한 값을 보였다. 사육기간 중의 평균 체중은 세 실험구 모두 거의 직선적으로 증가되었고, 일간증중율 및 일간먹이섭취율은 세 실험 모두 200g 전후까지 계속 감소하다가 그 후에는 비교적 일정한 수준을 유지하였다. 단백질축적효율 및 지질축적효율도 실험구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 전어체, 간 및 근육의 수분, 단백질 및 지질 함량은 실험구간에 모두 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 실험종료후 세 실험구를 대상으로 어육의 색, 냄새, 탄력 및 맛에 대해 관능 평가를 실시한 결과, 모든 항목에서 실험구별로 차이가 없었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.32.1-32.6
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• 2016

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of two different sizes of extruded pellets (EP) ($EP_1$ - 3 mm or $EP_2$ - 5 mm) and a moist pellet (MP) in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, reared in semi-recirculation system. A total of 450 fish with an average initial weight of $5.0{\pm}0.2g$ (mean ${\pm}$ SD) were fed one of the three experimental diets in triplicate groups. At the end of a 6-week feeding trial, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency of fish fed EP diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed MP (P < 0.05). Water quality parameters like turbidity, total ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorous from tanks of fish fed $EP_1$ and $EP_2$ were significantly lower than those from tanks of fish fed MP. Blood plasma glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glucose concentration were significantly higher in fish fed MP diet compared to fish fed EP diets (P < 0.05). Whole body crude protein contents in fish fed EP diets were higher than those from the fish fed MP diet. Whole body amino acid content like threonine, aspartic acid, serine, tyrosine, and cystine were found to be significantly higher in fish fed EP diets than those in fish fed MP diet. In considering overall performance of olive flounder, $EP_2$ diet could be recommended for the successful aquaculture of this important fish species.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.373-378
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• 2015

Postprandial ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed two different feed types, moist pellet (MP) and expanded pellet (EP) diets, to satiation were determined at $12^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $25^{\circ}C$ for 48 h. The ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption rates increased with increasing water temperature. However, the postprandial times for the maximum rates of ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption were shortened from 12 h to 6 h after feeding with increasing water temperature. The ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption rates of the fish fed EP were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those fed MP at 12 h post-feeding both for $12^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$. The highest (P < 0.05) weight-specific ammonia excretion rates at $12^{\circ}C$ were observed in the fish fed EP and MP at $12.1mg\;NH_3-N\;kg^{-1}h^{-1}$ and $8.7mg\;NH_3-N\;kg^{-1}h^{-1}$, respectively, for 12 h and 9 h after feeding. The highest (P < 0.05) weight-specific oxygen consumption rates at $12^{\circ}C$ were observed in fish fed EP and MP at $116.4mg\;kg^{-1}h^{-1}$ and $101.0mg\;kg^{-1}h^{-1}$, respectively, for 12 h after feeding. The highest ammonia excretion rates at $25^{\circ}C$ in the fish fed EP and MP increased to $16.9mg\;NH_3-N\;kg^{-1}h^{-1}$ and $18.3mg\;NH_3-N\;kg^{-1}h^{-1}$, respectively, for 6 h after feeding. The highest (P < 0.05) weight-specific oxygen consumption rates at $25^{\circ}C$ were observed in fish fed EP and MP at $184.3mg\;O_2kg^{-1}h^{-1}$ and $197.3mg\;O_2kg^{-1}h^{-1}$, respectively. These data are valuable for the design of biofilters and development of effluent treatment technologies for the land-based flounder farms.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.529-536
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• 2010

This study was conducted to effect of extruded pellets (EPs) and moist pellet (MP) diet on growth and fish health parameters in farm cultured olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Two replicate groups of 2,600 fish per each tank (initial weight of $30.1{\pm}0.2$ g) were fed one of the three EPs (EP1, EP2 and CEP) and one MP for 13 months. In field feeding experiment conducted in commercial flounder farm, survival, growth (30-600 g) and condition factor of fish fed experimental EP1 and EP2 were comparable to those of fish fed MP, but considerably higher feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were observed in fish fed experimental EPs. Viable cell counts from diet and water from MP diet were considerably higher than those from EP diet, and lysozyme activity from EP diet was higher than that from MP diet. GOT and GPT of fish fed the EP diet were considerably lower than those from MP group, but total protein and glucose concentration of fish fed the EP groups were not significantly different from that of fish fed the MP. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that EP diets could be developed to replace MP diet without adverse effects on growth performance and to enhance the immunity and protective ability of olive flounder against fish disease such as Vibro, Edwardsiella and Strptococcus.

• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2001년도 추계 한국양식학회 학술대회
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• pp.234-235
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• 2001

• 수산경영론집
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2007

This study is aimed at investigating optimum level of payments in the direct payment program for aquaculture extruded pellets both theoretically and practically by analyzing the effects on production and income in accordance with Green Box conditions of WTO Agreement on Agriculture. In particular, by analyzing both effects on production and income, it evaluates and compares payments affecting to the level of production and income, respectively. Analysis results indicate that the optimum level of payments in the direct payment program for aquaculture extruded pellets is determined by the growth rate of farmed fish, farming period, price and volume of extruded pellets, and additional amount of cost increase and decrease. Suppose that growth rates of farmed fish by extruded pellets(EP) and raw fish - based moist pellets(MP) are the same, it reveals the optimum level of payment should be lowered from the current level of payment. However, when the growth rate of farmed fish by EP is lower than that by MP, the optimum level of payment should be raised from the current level and total amount of payments by area should be increased as well.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.451-456
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the quality characteristics (proximate composition, fatty acids, amino acids, sensory and textural properties) of whole body and dorsal muscle of olive flounders fed extruded pellets (EP) compared to raw fish-based moist pellets (MP). The olive flounders in this study were reared from 300 g to 1000 g for 7 months by feeding either EP or MP. The fatty acids and total amino acids of the whole body and dorsal muscle of the fish were similar among both groups. The major fatty acids in whole body and dorsal muscle werepalmitic acid and oleic acid. Finally, no significant differences were observed between groups for sensory and textural properties of the muscle. These results suggest that EP could be developed to replace MP without adverse effects on olive flounder quality.