• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.431-453
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• 2015

A destructive earthquake, the magnitude of this earthquake was 7.2, hit Van, Turkey on October 23, 2011. After this devastating earthquake, a moderate earthquake which had 5.7 magnitude on November 9, 2011 occurred in Edremit, Van. These earthquakes caused heavy damages and collapses in many reinforced concrete buildings with loss of lives. In this paper, characteristics of ground motions of these earthquakes were studied and, deficiencies in structural elements and engineering faults such as poor workmanship and quality of construction, soft and weak stories, strong beam-weak column, short column, large overhang, hammering and unconfined gable wall were investigated. According to the observations, it was seen that, low quality of structural materials, lack of engineering services, inappropriate design and construction with insufficient detailing of the structural elements were the main reasons of heavy damages.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

대부분의 내진설계기준에서는 설계지반운동을 정의하기 위해서 설계스펙트럼을 제시하고 있다. 기준에서 제시되는 설계스펙트럼은 일반적으로 5% 임계감쇠비에 대한 것이며, 이것은 일반적인 건축구조물에 적용할 수 있는 것이다. 에너지 소산장치나 면진 시스템의 적용이 점차 증가하고 있으며, 이러한 장치를 적용한 건축구조물의 내진해석을 위해서는 5% 임계감쇠비를 초과하는 설계스펙트럼이 필요하다. 5% 임계감쇠비에 대한 설계스펙트럼을 다른 임계감쇠비에 대한 설계스펙트럼으로 변환하기 위해서는 감쇠계수가 효과적으로 이용될 수 있다. 현재의 내진설계기준에서 제시하고 있는 감쇠계수는 강진자료를 바탕으로 제시된 것이다. 중진 및 약진은 강진과는 다른 특성을 가지므로, 이러한 감쇠계수가 중진 및 약진 지역에 적용하는 것은 충분한 검토가 필요할 것이다. 이 논문에서는 중진 및 약진자료를 이용한 감쇠계수를 제시하고, 현재 설계기준에서 제시하고 있는 감쇠계수와 비교하였다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2002년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.187-194
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• 2002

Bridge dynamic behaviors and the failure of the foundation are examined in this study under seismic excitations including the local scour effect. The simplified mechanical model, which can consider the effect of various influence elements, is proposed to simulate the bridge motions. The scour depths around the foundations are estimated by the CSU equation recommended by the HEC-18 and the local scour effect upon global bridge motions is then considered by applying various foundation stiffness based upon the reduced embedded depths. From the simulation results, it is found that seismic responses of a bridge with the same scour depth for both foundations increase due to the local scour effect. The bridge scour is found to be significant under weak and moderate seismic intensity. The recovery durations of the foundation stiffness after local scour are found to be critical in the estimation of the probability of foundation failure under earthquakes. Therefore, the safety of the whole bridge system should be conducted with the consideration of the scour effect upon the foundations and the recovery duration of stiffness should be determined rationally.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1998년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring 1998
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• pp.52-57
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• 1998

Becaruse of the continual occurrence of minor and moderate earthquake in Korean peninsula, it is generally considered that Korean is nor located in safe region against probable earthquake and more, even though being recognized as a safe contry in earthquake. It is in particular noted that nowadays there has been much concern about undesirable disaster due to unexpected earthquake since the disaster of 1995 Kobe earthquake. Thus, the objective of this research is to develop appropriate design spectrum which could be practicably used in seismic design of important structures taking into consideration of local physical characteristics. Particularly, we have to keep in mind the lessons from 1985 Mexico earthquake which had disregarded deep research on local ground conditions, being a possible magnification phenomena of ground motions in weak soil layer. Various spectra has been described based on the analysis of historical earthquakes, and appropriate design spectrum has been proposed herein.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2021

In this paper, horizontal seismic responses of a structure built on a sunken mat foundation were compared with those built on a solid embedded mat foundation to investigate the effect of a sunken mat foundation on the horizontal response of a structure. Seismic analyses of a structure laid on the embedded mat foundation were performed by utilizing a pseudo-3D finite element software of P3DASS. Three bedrock earthquake records downloaded from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center database were scaled to reproduce weak-moderate earthquakes. Weak, medium, and stiff soil layers were considered for the seismic analyses of the structure-foundation-soil system. Parametric studies were performed for foundation radius, foundation embedment depth, and shear wave velocity of a soil layer to investigate their effect on the seismic response spectrum. The study result showed that the design spectrum of a structure built on a sunken mat foundation was similar to that with a solid embedded mat foundation showing a slight difference due to almost the same seismic base motion beneath both embedded foundations.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.883-888
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• 2001

In Korea, countermeasures against earthquake disasters such as the seismic performance evaluation and/or retrofit scheme of buildings have not been fully performed since Korea had not been experienced many destructive earthquakes in the past. The main objective of this paper is to propose the basic seismic protection index (Es) suitable to Korean buildings based on the seismic evaluation of existing reinforced concrete buildings using modified strength index. This paper will focus on 1) the selection of weak and moderate earthquake waves representing Korean seismic zone, 2) the creation of the required strength ratio spectra by seismic response analysis, and 3) the proposition of the basic seismic protection index (Es) suitable to Korean seismic activity based on required strength ratio spectra

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제85권6호
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• pp.793-808
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• 2023

Türkiye is located in a region where destructive earthquakes are frequently experienced due to its geological characteristics and geographical location. Therefore, considering the possibility of a devastating earthquake at any time, determining the reinforced concrete (RC) building seismic safety, constructed before or after the current seismic buildings code, is one of the most important issues to be completed firstly. For this purpose, rapid assessment methods developed to quickly determine the seismic safety of buildings are available in the literature. Comparison of the principles of Principles of the Determination of Risky Structures-2019, Column and Wall Index Method, P25 Scoring Method and Improved Discriminant Analysis Method, which are among these methods, have been aimed within the scope of this study. Within the scope of this paper, a total of 43 buildings in the Yalova/Çınarcık region of Türkiye that the damage level was determined by street observation method immediately after the 1999 Kocaeli (Izmit) Earthquake; 15 buildings with heavy damage and 28 buildings with moderate damage were examined by rapid assessment methods. Although the risk detection difference was not separated as a clear line in any of the methods used, the results obtained from the rapid assessment methods are evaluated as being compatible with the detected after earthquake structural seismic behavior of the buildings. The PDRS-2019 and column and wall index method gave the most approximate results. In the results obtained from the analyzes; structural features such as number of floors, frame continuity, soft/weak story irregularity, effective shear strength area, existence of heavy overhangs in plan, type of structural system have been found to be significantly effective on the earthquake behavior of buildings.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2011

현행 국내 내진 성능 평가 기준에서 사용하고 있는 필댐의 동적 상세 해석에 대한 안전성 평가 기준은 지진 하중 조건에 의해 발생되는 댐마루 연직방향, 횡방향 최대 변위가 정적하중에 의한 변위를 포함하여 제체 높이의 1% 이하로 규정하고 있다. 그러나 이는 이론적 근거가 부족하여, 평가 기준에 대한 합리성 검토가 필요하다. 중약진 지역에 속하는 국내 지진학적 특성상 지진시 댐 계측 데이터로 근거를 마련하기가 어려운 실정으로, 본 연구에서는 국외 계측 데이터 D/B 등 다양한 자료를 바탕으로 안전성 평가 기준을 검토하였다. 추가적으로 원심모형시험과 수치해석을 함께 수행하여, 변형 기준을 검토하였다. 또한, 수치시뮬레이션을 통하여 매개 변수 분석을 수행하고, 댐체의 횡방향 변위와 침하에 대한 영향을 분석하고 변형 기준과 비교, 검토하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.35-44
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• 1998

최근의 중.소규모의 연이은 지진활동은 한반도도 지진에 대하여 안전지대는 아닌 것으로 생각되고 있으며, 1995년 일본의 Kobe 지진 대 참사는 국내에도 지진에 관한 많은 관심을 고조시키고 있다. 그러나, 국내의 구조물의 내진설계를 위한 사용되는 지진파에 대한 연구는 매우 미흡하며, 최근까지도 국내에서는 외국의 설계용 지진파를 그대로 사용하거나 설계응답스펙트럼을 이용하고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 국내지진파의 물리적 특성, 즉, 주기-빈도 분포, 확률밀도분포, Fourier Spectrum 및 응답스펙트럼을 구하여 비교.분석하였다. 또한 이상화된 인공지진파를 산출하여 이를 현재 교통량의 폭발적인 증가와 도로의 선형성을 이유로 사각을 가진 교량구조물이 많이 건설되고 있는바, 70$^{\circ}$사각슬래브교에 대한 지진해석을 수행하여 인공지진의 합리적 해석 횟수를 규명하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.303-317
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• 2006

The connection with combined cross diaphragm is developed for the connection of square CFT column and steel beam and proposed to be used for the frame with asymmetric span length. The structural characteristics of this connection lie in the penetration of the beam flange in the direction of major axis through the column for the smooth flow of stress. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamic behavior and stress flow of suggested connection and to evaluate the resistance to shock of connection. Four T-type CFT column-to-beam specimens; two with combined cross diaphragm and the others with interior and through diaphragms, the existing connection types, were made for cyclic load test guided by the load program of ANSI/AISC SSPEC 2002. The results show that the proposed connection is more efficient than existing ones in terms of strength, stress flow and energy absorption and satisfies the seismic performance required in the region of weak/moderate earthquakes.