• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.415-425
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: As aging progresses, the number of patients with cognitive impairment also increases. Cognitive function is not generally correlated with diet, and there is debate over that association. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake and cognitive function among adults aged 50 years or older. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Between July 2017 and March 2018, 324 adults aged over 50 years from Gwangju Sun-Han hospital participated in a dietary survey. The frequency of food intake and related information were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and determining the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) level for 276 participants. The association between dietary intake and cognitive function was assessed by performing logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Depending on the MMSE score, the participants' age, education level, inhabitation status, medications, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, physical activity, and short geriatric depression scale score were significantly different (P < 0.05). Moreover, those participant characteristics were associated with either decreased or increased odds ratios (OR) for the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Based on analysis of the participants' intake of 112 detailed food items, which were categorized into 20 food types, intakes of cooked white rice (< 2 times/day compared with ${\geq}3$ times/day) (P < 0.05), properly cooked rice with other grains and legumes (P < 0.001), fruits (P < 0.05), milk (low fat and normal) (P = 0.044), liquid-type yogurt (P = 0.019), and curd-type yogurt (P = 0.015) were found to significantly decrease the OR for the risk of MCI. CONCLUSIONS: Associations were significant between the risk of MCI and the intake of certain food types. Specifically, a moderate intake of cooked white rice and an adequate intake of whole grains, fruits, milk, and dairy products were associated with reduced risks of MCI among adults aged over 50 years.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.379-387
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• 2024

Objectives: Mental health issues have become a growing concern worldwide. Research has shown that regular physical activity (PA) can positively affect mental health. This study investigated the associations between PA and mental health problems (MHPs) in middle-aged Indonesians. Methods: The study utilized data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research Survey and used a cross-sectional approach. The participants included individuals aged 40-60 years who completed the 20-question Self-Reporting Questionnaire. A logistic regression was performed to analyze a sample of 263 930 data points. Results: Nearly 10.4% of the participants suffered from mental health issues. Notably, among those who did not engage in moderate and vigorous PA, a sign of MHPs was found in 12.5% of participants. Those who met World Health Organization standards for PA were less likely to experience MHPs (10.1%). This study found a significant association between PA and mental health. After adjusting for smoking, alcohol consumption, non-communicable diseases, and socio-demographic variables like age, sex, education, occupation, marital status, and residence, the connection between PA and mental health became even stronger (adjusted odds ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.85; p<0.001). Conclusions: Regular PA has been shown to affect mental health positively. Therefore, it is important to improve health education and efforts to raise awareness among middle-aged Indonesians about the importance of PA in maintaining good mental health.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2012

Objectives : We investigated the prevalence and functional impairment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and premenstrual syndrome(PMS) in young women. Methods : A total of 1063 female college students were recruited from two urban areas(Seoul and Suwon) of Korea. Questionnaires for sociodemographic data and risk factors of PMDD, attitude about menstruation, and the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool(PSST) were applied. Results : The prevalence of severe moderate to severe PMS and PMDD were 16.9% and 11.7%, respectively. There were differences in the alcohol and coffee consumption, severity of menstrual cramp, and family history of PMS among the moderate to severe PMS, PMDD, and no/mild PMS groups. Although some participants did not fulfill diagnostic criteria for PMDD, they showed significant functional impairment. Participants with negative attitude about menstruation reported premenstrual symptoms more frequently than those with positive or ambivalent attitude about menstruation. Conclusion : These results suggest that PMS and PMDD were prevalent and associated with functional impairment in young females. Some participants reported significant functional impairments although they did not meet the full DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for PMDD. Negative attitude about menstruation was associated with more premenstrual symptoms experiences.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Metabolic risk factors should be managed effectively in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to prevent or delay diabetic complications. This study aimed to compare the self-management levels of diet and metabolic risk factors in patients with T2DM, according to the duration of illness, and to examine the trends in self-management levels during the recent decades. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data were collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES, 1998-2014). In our analysis, 4,148 patients with T2DM, aged ${\geq}30years$, were categorized according to the duration of their illness (< 5 years, 5-9 years, and ${\geq}10years$). Demographic and lifestyle information was assessed through self-administered questionnaires, and biomarker levels (e.g., fasting glucose level, blood pressure, or lipid level) were obtained from a health examination. Dietary intake was assessed by a 24-recall, and adherence level to dietary guidelines (meal patterns and intake levels of calories, carbohydrates, vegetable/seaweed, sodium, and alcohol) were assessed. Multivariable generalized linear regression and unconditional logistic regression models were used to compare the prevalence rates of hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension according to the duration of patients' illness, accounting for the complex survey design of the KNHANES. RESULTS: In the multivariable adjusted models, patients with a longer duration (${\geq}10years$) of T2DM had a higher prevalence of hyperglycemia than those with a shorter duration of T2DM (< 5 years) (odds ratio 2.20, 95% confidence interval 1.61-3.01, P for trend < 0.001). We did not observe any associations of disease duration with the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia. In addition, the adherence levels to dietary recommendations did not significantly differ according to disease duration, except adherence to moderate alcohol consumption. There were significant decreasing trends in the prevalence of hyperglycemia in patients with a duration of illness ${\geq}10years$ (P for trend = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Although the proportion of patients with adequate control of glucose levels has improved in recent decades, poorer self-management has been found in those with a longer disease duration. These findings suggest the need for well-planned and individualized patient education programs to improve self-management levels and quality of life by preventing or delaying diabetic complications.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.762-769
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• 2001

Recently developed TRAP assay(Total Radical-trapping Antioxidant Potential) is a new technique which enable effectively the measurement of total antioxidant status in the plasma. Researches using TRAP method have rarely been reported in Korea. Therefore, we investigated effects of various life-style and dietary factors on plasma TRAP level in Korean adult population. The subjects consisted of 161 health adult male(n=105) and female (n=56) aged 19-57. A self-administered questionnaire ascertained life-style factors including smoking habits, alcohol use, physical activity. Dietary factors were analyzed by 24 hour recall method. TRAP was determined spectrophotometrically in plasma at 734nm. Mean plasma TRAP concentrations were slightly higher in males (1.35$\pm$0.02mM) and females(1.30$\pm$0.02mM) without significance. There were significant correlations between plasma TRAP levels and life-style factors including exercise and smoking Plasma TRAP levels were affected more by exercise than by smoking. Moderate amount exerciser(exercise time $\geq$30min/day) had significantly higher level of plasma TRAP levels in male smokers(1.33$\pm$0.03mM) were significantly lower than those in male nonsmokers(1.39$\pm$0.01mM, p<0.05), but the difference was not seen in female subjects. Intakes of vitamin C(r=0.288, p=0.007) or folate (r=0.258, p=0.016) were positively correlated with plasma TRAP levels in nonsmokers, but those relations were not seen in smokers. Dietary factors such as vegetables (r=0.288, p=0.007)or folate (r=0.258, p=0.016) were positively correlated with plasma TRAP levels in nonsmokers, but those relations were not seen in smokers. Dietary factors such as vegetables (r=0.277, p=0.009) and legumes(r=0.263, p=0.013) consumption were positively related to plasma TRAP concentrations also in nonsmokers only. Regular green tea drinkers showed significantly greater level of plasma TRAP than the non green tea drinkers(1.36$\pm$0.01mM vs 1.30$\pm$0.03mM, p<0.05). These results suggest that the regular exercise($\geq$30min daily), nonsmoking, and consumption of vegetables, legumes and green tea would contribute to improving plasma TRAP levels in Korean adults.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.35-49
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze variables associated with smoking and selected health behaviors. This study targeted adult men and women over 20 of age. The sample population was drawn from the national sample, and the samples were chosen from the telephone book. A total of 1,500 cases were collected through a telephone based interview survey. As a tool for this study, a structured questionnaire was developed. the variables included self-perceived health status, and selected 7 health behaviors; smoking behavior, physical activities, eating habit, weight control, alcohol consumption, stress management, and cancer exam. The healthy life practice actions of Trans-theoretical model have been classified into five stages. Smokers were more likely than non-smokers to positive attitudes toward smoking and the impact of smoking in this study. This means that smokers's awareness toward the impact of smoking is very week. Smoking behavior was significantly related to other health related behaviors based on the correlation analysis. However, gender, engaging in regular physical activities, moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages, and receiving a cancer examination were the variables that can explain and predict a person's stages of adopting a non-smoking behavior. Self perceived health status was closely related to other health behaviors. Gender, age, and monthly household income were important demographic variables that have significant relationship with the self-perceived health status. Among the health behaviors, regular physical activities and weight control were significant predictable variables. Similar results have been found in the National health and Nutrition examination survey in Korea. As a result of this study, it was found that among the selected health behaviors, engaging in physical activity was an important variable to increase positive sense of health and non-smoking behaviors. Educational and policy level input is needed to increase awareness and provide chances to participate in fitness activities. To those who maintain exercise, the environmental support and diffusion of knowledge information and education data should be strengthened. To change attitudes toward smoking, more in-dept awareness campaign and education should be provided according to people's different behavioral status. In addition, not only diffusing health education data and delivering knowledge information through related programs, but also environmental support system that helps an individual maintain his/her action is required. Such a support system means settlement of the health enhancement base of school, workplace and community should be carried out, and the policy level support and regular programs should be provided and spread to the unit of community.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.143-156
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was performed to examine the effective health education measures and health education programs for college students and also investigated the demands of restriction on drinking and smoking behavior in public area at the school level. Methods: The data were collected from 446 students of five universities located in Seoul and analyzed with SPSS WIN 10.0 program. Results: 1) Current drinkers were average 87.7% (male 90.1%, female 85.3%) and binge drinker was 68.4% (male 76.5%, female 60.2%). Among all drinkers, 19.4% drank more than eight times per month. As for the rate of smoking, 50.9% among the male student, and 12.1% among females were smokers. Among all smokers. the largest group (41.5%) smoked between >$11{\sim}20$ cigarettes per day. Many of the students started smoking in their middle schools (male 29.8%, female 51.5%). It implies that smoking prevention programs need to be emphasized in these schools. 2) The analysis of the correlation between drinking and smoking shows that no smoking students who drank were 66.2%, but abstainer who is smoker were only 5.7%(p=0.004). Alcohol consumption frequency and amount of smokers were higher than those of nonsmokers (p=0.000). The rate of attempts to reduce drinking was 38.1%, mainly for health reason. More than 34.5% of smoking student had made attempts to quit smoking, but succeeded only 16.9%. 3) As for the needs of moderate drinking and smoking cessation education, 67.8% among female students and 53.6% among male demand special education programs. About effective health education measures on drinking and smoking, 49.3% of drinkers and 35.2% of smokers had an inclination for health educator, and the next were video, campaign and pamphlet. 4) The largest group (45.0%) of respondents had agreed to regulate on drinking behavior, and especially 74.5% of them wants to ban the practice in most public area in school. 35.7% among female students and 27.0% among male desired to extend the non-smoking area on whole campus. The health policy for college students, through various ways, such as education, counseling service, and special program on orientation, should be employed. For public health perspectives, university and college community had to institute the detailed enforcement regulation on drinking and smoking.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.423-432
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to promote health in middle-aged Koreans (40-59 years old) by understanding health behaviors that affect high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level among various health behaviors. In a national health and nutrition survey, raw data combined on a total of 7,406 persons, IV-3 (2009), V-1 (2010), V-2 (2011), V-3 (2012), and VI-1 (2013), were selected as the final analysis subjects. HDL cholesterol was divided into two groups: less than 40 mg/dl and more than 40 mg/dl. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis were as follows: OR=3.916 for males, OR=3.439 for normal than low weight, OR=7.336 for obesity than low weight, OR=1.629 for alcohol consumption, OR=1.498 for smokers, OR=1.426 for don't practice moderate physical activity, OR=1.264 for no walking exercise, OR=1.510 for carbohydrates normal intake than low intake, OR 1.787 for carbohydrates over intake than low intake when HDL cholesterol increased from 40 mg/dl to less than 40 mg/dl. Korean middle-aged high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels should be increased to maintain proper health through aerobic exercise, smoking cessation, proper drinking habits, obesity relief, healthy eating out, and healthy food choices. This requires continuous publicity and education within the community, and a social environment should be built that enables health behavior to be practiced in daily life.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.165-175
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• 2016

Health behavior is one component of life style and is defined as behaviors performed by a person to protect, promote, or maintain the their health. General health behavior habits include not smoking, weight management, moderate drinking, regular exercise. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between toothbrushing and general health behaviors in 1,013 adults using data from the 2008 Daejeon Health Promotion Survey. Results showed no significant difference by region in general health behavior and toothbrushing. Smoking, alcohol consumption and toothbrushing frequency were related to sex, age, monthly income, occupation, and the degree of obesity. The predictoers of toothbrushing more than a day by losistic regression were female sex (vs. male, OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.20~2.95), age ${\geq}65$ years (vs. twenties, OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.26~0.99), monthly income 2 miillions Korean Won (KRW) to 3 millions KRW (vs. <2 million won, OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.04~2.42), white collar (vs. self-employment, OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.62~4.64), and regular exercise (vs. never, OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.21~2.11). We recommend the independent administration of oral health promotion programs focusing on aged and vulnerable social group because general health behaviors except regular exercise were not related to toothbrushing frequency.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.15-26
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• 2023

Purposes: Evaluate the level of mental health of administrative workers in medical institutions during the COVID-19 epidemic, and check the relationship. Methodology: It targeted 183 administrative workers at medical institutions located in Jeollabuk-do. The data survey method used a self-filled questionnaire, and the data collection period was 30 days from November 16, 2021 to December 16, 2021. A comparative analysis was conducted to find out the correlation between the subjects' biological factors, environmental factors, lifestyle factors, job related factors and depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and job stress. Findings: As an influencing factor of depression, it was found that the longer the working period, the higher the depression, and the higher the position, job satisfaction, and the total amount of smoking, the lower the depression. Due to the effect on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, the higher the total amount of smoking, the higher the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder after effects, and the higher the organizational commitment and job satisfaction, the lower the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder aftereffects. It was found that organizational commitment had the highest influence on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. As an influencing factor on job stress, it was found that the higher the job related factors was job satisfaction and organizational commitment, the lower the job stress. Practical Implications: Variables such as moderate physical activity, alcohol consumption, total smoking, working period, position, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment were identified as factors influencing depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and job stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.