• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.224-235
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• 2013

A passively fitting prosthesis is an essential prerequisite to attain long-lasting success and maintenance of osseointegration. However, true "passive fit" can not be achieved with the present implant-supported prosthesis fabrication protocol. Many clinical situations are suitably treated with cantilevered implant-supported fixed restorations. The purpose of this study was to compare the stress distribution pattern and magnitude in supporting tissues around ITI implants with cantilevered, implant-supported, screw-retained fixed prosthesis according to the fitness of superstructures. Photoelastic model was made with PL-2 resin (Measurements, Raleigh, USA) and three ITI implants (${\phi}4.1{\times}10mm$) were placed in the mandibular posterior edentulous area distal to the canine. Anterior and posterior extended 4-unit cantilevered FPDs were made with different misfit in the superstructures. 4 types of prosthesis were made by placing a $100{\mu}m$ gap between the abutment and the crown on the second premolar and/or the first molar. Photoelastic stress analysis were carried out to measure the fringe order around the implant supporting structure under simulated loading conditions (30 lb).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.60-73
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• 1997

In order to design a 24 hr sustained release preparation of sulindac for oral administration, fast release pellet (FR), slow release pellet (SR) and two combined formulation (1 : 1 and 1 : 2) were prepared. The pharmacokinetic effect of such preparations has been evaluated using rabbits as a suitable in vivo model, and tested in man. Dose determination was carried out using curve fitting according to RSTPJP II program. In bioavailability test using rabbit, AUCs of sulindac in a few designed formulations were similar to each other. $C_{max}$- of RF and SR were 1.8 times and 1.2 times higher, respectively, compared to that of combined formulation (FR:SR=1:1). While plasma concentration of FR and SR decreased rapidly, that of combined formulation (FR:SR 1:1) lasted at the level close to $C_{max}$ for 24 hrs. Plasma concentration of sulfide form from the combined pellet(FR:SR=1:1) lasted for 24 hrs, and its AUC value was 1.4-fold, 2.7-fold. and 1.2-fold greater than FR pellet, SR pellet and combined pellet (FR:SR 1 : 2). Thus, the combined pellet of 1:1 ratio was found to be the most effective for oral sustained release formulation. Bioavailability test in human showed that AUC of sulfide from TSRP (1 : 1) was approximately 1.5 times greater than total AUC of Immbaron$^{\circledR}$ administered twice in a day. While $T_{max}$ of sulfide from lmmbaron$^{\circledR}$ was 4.33 +/- 1.37 hr (lst administration) and 3.33 ${pm}$ 0.82 hr (2nd administration), respectively, that of sulfide from TSRP increased to 7.17 ${pm}$ 2.86 hr. Plasma concentration of sulfide from TSRP was sustained at more, than 1.0 ${\mu}g{\cdot}$hr/ml until 24 hrs after one dose administration. In addition, TSRP may decrease local adverse reaction in the stomach, since plasma concentration of sulfide from the combined pellet was low within 2hrs in the stomach. In conclusion, it is suggested that TSRP formulation may be effective for oral 24 hr sustained release formulation of sulindac dosing 300 ~ 350mg once a day.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2016

Background: Blind and excessive application of fertilizers was found during the cultivation of Panax notoginseng in fields, as well as increase in root rot disease incidence. Methods: Both "3414" application and orthogonal test designs were performed at Shilin county, Yunnan province, China, for NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and mineral fertilizers, respectively. The data were used to construct the one-, two-, and three-factor quadratic regression models. The effect of fertilizer deficiency on root yield loss was also analyzed to confirm the result predicted by these models. A pot culture experiment was performed to observe the incidence rate of root rot disease and to obtain the best range in which the highest yield of root and saponins could be realized. Results: The best application strategy for NPK fertilizer was $0kg/667m^2$, $17.01kg/667m^2$, and $56.87kg/667m^2$, respectively, which can produce the highest root yield of 1,861.90 g (dried root of 100 plants). For mineral fertilizers, calcium and magnesium fertilizers had a significant and positive effect on root yield and the content of four active saponins, respectively. The severity of root rot disease increased with the increase in soil moisture. The best range of soil moisture varied from 0.56 FC (field capacity of water) to 0.59 FC, when the highest yield of root and saponins could be realized as well as the lower incidence rate of root disease. Conclusion: These results indicate that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in these fields is excessive and that of potassium fertilizer is deficient. Higher soil moisture is an important factor that increases the severity of the root rot disease.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.55-78
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• 1994

Decomposed granite soil is a Granitic Gneiss, and it is a c Korean peninsula. It is known a changed significantly when it is aim of this study is to evaluat utility of the constitutive laws. Firstly, triaxial tests were pe sites prepared by the laborato scrutinized the characteristics results were analysed and the p evaluated. Finally, the predicted Even though the origins of slight difference in the angle of pression line( A) : both soils show In the effective mean normal uniqueness of the Normal Compr The relationships between the the decomposed granite soil tier OCR is larger than 2, the stress stress(MDS) or. even thous moved below the theoretical Ros was found to coincide with the (NC) soils, the pore pressure parameter, A,, increased up to 1.3. This phenomenon might be mainly due to the effect of the particle crushing during shearing, When the OCR value approaches 7, the negative pore pressure is developed in undrained tests and the dilatancy is observed in drained tests. The predicted and the observed behavior of drained tests showed relatively good fitting with the Cam-Clay model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.109-113
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• 2007

This paper introduces a system, Simulation based Stochastic Markup Estimation System (S2ME), for estimating optimum markup for a project. The system was designed and implemented to better represent the real world system involved in construction bidding. The findings obtained from the analysis of existing assumptions used in the previous quantitative markup estimation methods were incorporated to improve the accuracy and predictability of the S2ME. The existing methods has four categories of assumption as follows; (1) The number of competitors and who is the competitors are known, (2) A typical competitor, who is fictitious, is assumed for easy computation, (3) the ratio of bid price against cost estimate (B/C) is assumed to follow normal distribution, (4) The deterministic output obtained from the probabilistic equation of existing models is assumed to be acceptable. However, these assumptions compromise the accuracy of prediction. In practice, the bidding patterns of the bidders are randomized in competitive bidding. To complement the lack of accuracy contributed by these assumptions, bidding project was randomly selected from the pool of bidding database in the simulation experiment. The probability to win the bid in the competitive bidding was computed using the profile of the competitors appeared in the selected bidding project record. The expected profit and probability to win the bid was calculated by selecting a bidding record randomly in an iteration of the simulation experiment under the assumption that the bidding pattern retained in historical bidding DB manifest revival. The existing computation, which is handled by means of deterministic procedure, were converted into stochastic model using simulation modeling and analysis technique as follows; (1) estimating the probability distribution functions of competitors' B/C which were obtained from historical bidding DB, (2) analyzing the sensitivity against the increment of markup using normal distribution and actual probability distribution estimated by distribution fitting, (3) estimating the maximum expected profit and optimum markup range. In the case study, the best fitted probability distribution function was estimated using the historical bidding DB retaining the competitors' bidding behavior so that the reliability was improved by estimating the output obtained from simulation experiment.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.75-82
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• 2007

The present work measured and analyzed changes in the acoustics of a sound field which has a retractable ceiling. An 1/20 scale model of an openable space was built and measurement was carried out by varying the opened area of a ceiling. The most widely used room acoustic and design parameters, RT, EDT, and D50 were investigated. The results suggest that the use of RT as an acoustic design parameter may not be proper in an openable space and further it is likely to mislead the initial acoustic design of such spaces. It is mainly due to the characteristics of RT in which non-exponential decay processes are linearly fitted. Early decay times were found to be decreased in proportion to increaing the ratio of opened area. D50, an index of speech intelligibility, was effectively shows the influence of openings on the acoustics. It is also found that EDT and D50 at the seats, not directly exposed to the opened part of a ceiling, were almost linearly decreased in proportion to the ratio of opened area, while little influence was found for the opening ratio larger than 40% at the directly exposed seats to the opened part of a ceiling.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 2017

Growing demand and rapid development of the synthetic fiber rope in mooring system have taken place since it has been used in deep water platform lately. Unlike a chain mooring, synthetic fiber rope composed of lightweight materials such as Polyester(polyethylene terephthalate), HMPE(high modulus polyethylene) and Aramid(aromatic polyamide). Non-linear stiffness and another failure mode are distinct characteristics of synthetic fiber rope when compared to mooring chain. When these ropes are exposed to environmental load for a long time, the length of rope will be increased permanently. This is called 'the creep phenomenon'. Due to the phenomenon, The initial characteristics of mooring systems would be changed because the length and stiffness of the rope have been changed as time goes on. The changed characteristics of fiber rope cause different mooring tension and vessel offset compared to the initial design condition. Commercial mooring analysis software that widely used in industries is unable to take into account this phenomenon automatically. Even though the American Petroleum Institute (API) or other classification rules present some standard or criteria with respect to length and stiffness of a mooring line, simulation guide considers the mechanical properties that is not mentioned in such rules. In this paper, the effect of creep phenomenon in the fiber rope mooring system under specific environment condition is investigated. Desiged mooring system for a Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit(MODU) with HMPE rope which has the highest creep is analyzed in a time domain in order to investigate the effects creep phenomenon to vessel offset and mooring tension. We have developed a new procedure to an analysis of mooring system reflecting the creep phenomenon and it is validated through a time domain simulation using non-linear mooring analysis software, OrcaFlex. The result shows that the creep phenomenon should be considered in analysis procedure because it affects the length and stiffness of synthetic fiber rope in case of high water temperature and permanent mooring system.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.243-254
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• 1992

In the present study two sets of unbalanced two-way cross-classification data with and without empty cell(s) were used to evaluate empirically the various sums of squares in the analysis of variance table. Searle(1977) and Searle et.al.(1981) developed a method of computing R($\alpha$\mid$\mu, \beta$) and R($\beta$\mid$\mu, \alpha$) by the use of partitioned matrix of X'X for the model of no interaction, interchanging the columns of X in order of $\alpha, \mu, \beta$ and accordingly the elements in b. An alternative way of computing R($\alpha$\mid$\mu, \beta$), R($\beta$\mid$\mu, \alpha$) and R($\gamma$\mid$\mu, \alpha, \beta$) without interchanging the columns of X has been found by means of,$(X'X)^-$ derived, using $W_2 = Z_2Z_2-Z_2Z_1(Z_1Z_1)^-Z_1Z_2$. It is true that $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma)\Sigma = SSA_W and R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma)\Sigma = SSB_W$ where $SSA_W$ and means analysis and $R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta) = R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)\Sigma$ for the data without empty cell, but not for the data with empty cell(s). It is also noticed that for the datd with empty cells under W - restrictions $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\alpha$\mid$\mu) and R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W = R(\beta$\mid$\mu) but R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)_W = R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W - R(\mu,\alpha,\beta,\gamma)_W \neq R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)$. The hypotheses $H_o : K' b = 0$ commonly tested were examined in the relation with the corresponding sums of squares for $R(\alpha$\mid$\mu), R(\beta$\mid$\mu), R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta), R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha), R(\alpha$\mid$\mu,\beta,\gamma), R(\beta$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\gamma), and R(\gamma$\mid$\mu,\alpha,\beta)$ under the restrictions.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.10
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• pp.713-722
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• 2013

This paper proposes a method of using depth information to detect the hand region in real-time based on the cascade method. In order to ensure stable and speedy detection of the hand region even under conditions of lighting changes in the test environment, this study uses only features based on depth information, and proposes a method of detecting the hand region by means of a classifier that uses boosting and cascading methods. First, in order to extract features using only depth information, we calculate the difference between the depth value at the center of the input image and the average of depth value within the segmented block, and to ensure that hand regions of all sizes will be detected, we use the central depth value and the second order linear model to predict the size of the hand region. The cascade method is applied to implement training and recognition by extracting features from the hand region. The classifier proposed in this paper maintains accuracy and enhances speed by composing each stage into a single weak classifier and obtaining the threshold value that satisfies the detection rate while exhibiting the lowest error rate to perform over-fitting training. The trained classifier is used to classify the hand region, and detects the final hand region in the final merger stage. Lastly, to verify performance, we perform quantitative and qualitative comparative analyses with various conventional AdaBoost algorithms to confirm the efficiency of the hand region detection algorithm proposed in this paper.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.262-268
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• 2009

A dark brownish pigment in the crude polysaccharide from Auricularia auricula was adsorbed by activated charcoal. The leaching of the pigment adsorbed on activated charcoal and regeneration of activated charcoal used was investigated with eight kinds of solvents. The highest leaching capacity was obtained with the alkaline solution (KOH). The optimum volume of 1 M KOH solution per activated carbon was 45 mL/g, and the treatment for 10 min during single stage leaching was sufficient to achieve the leaching equilibrium. Second-order kinetic model provided the best fitting for the pigment leaching. The pigment leaching capacity of 88.9% was obtained by seven times of treatment with 1 M KOH solution at 25$^{\circ}C$, while at 95$^{\circ}C$, leaching capacity of 82.6% was achieved with single stage alone showing the significant increase of leaching capacity with increasing temperature. The regenerated activated charcoal was nearly as effective as fresh activated charcoal in pigment adsorption of crude polysaccharide from Auricularia auricula.