• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5767-5772
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• 2012

Introduction: Identification of simple and measurable prognostic factors is an important issue in treatment evaluation of breast cancer. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic role of vascular invasion in lymph node negative breast cancer patients. Methods: in a retrospective design, we analyzed the recorded profiles of the 1,640 patients treated in the breast cancer department of Motahari clinic affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, from January 1999 to December 2012. Overall and adjusted survivals were evaluated by the Cox proportional hazard model. All the hypotheses were considered two-sided and a p-value of 0.05 or less was considered as statistically significant. Results: Mean age in lymph node negative and positive patients was 50.0 and 49.8 respectively. In lymph node negative patients, the number of nodes, tumor size, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, progesterone receptor, and nuclear grade were significant predictors. In lymph node and lymphatic negative patients, vascular invasion also played a significant prognostic role in the survival which was not evident in lymph node negative patients with lymphatic invasion. Discussion: The results of our large cohort study, with long term follow up and using multivariate Cox proportional model and comparative design showed a significant prognostic role of vascular invasion in early breast cancer patients. Vascular invasion as an independent prognostic factor in lymph node negative invasive breast cancer.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.343-349
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• 2017

In this study, the factors of the industrial complexes were analyzed in a comprehensive review, and the research model was developed and related variables were adopted to the purpose of this study. Also, the determinants of location are analyzed by three factors of infrastructure stabilization, industrial resource access, and residential neighborhood factors. For the analysis of this study, the hypothesis was analyzed through the path analysis of the SEM through the set hypotheses based on the research model. As a result of analysis, it is analyzed that TI factors and RA factors of infrastructure, IF group, are both influenced by industrial location. In addition, there is a statistically significant correlation in the analysis between the parameters of the NEF and the determinants of industrial location. The results of this study are expected to provide useful guidelines for industrial infrastructure development and industrial complex development projects at national and local government.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.193-206
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• 2008

This paper describes to experiments on the estimation of tourist images in Busan. Preliminary tasks were performed to find out the condition of tourism souvenir and products proper to ocean city with situation in Busan. This survey analyzed by factor analysis taken in local residents, foreigners and other city. Result of factor analysis shows that the local residents and others think of Busan as similar image both. Outsider recognized Busan to tourist attractions of seaside environment and tourist facilities, and have good image of sightseeing and shopping in city. The local people remind Busan as progressive, feels sweet, activity, friendly image beside that foreign tourist remind as clean, modern, abundant, and others think as stable, changing, novelty, friendly. To abstract 8 factors among the images, take out of relevance to condition of tourist and image factors. Important factors for development of tourist industry in Busan are a feeling safe, clean, novelty in priority. And find way that enhancing image to abundant, friendly, activity were proper to tourist industry.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.437-449
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• 2016

This study empirically analyzes casual relationships among psychological and financial factors influencing the subscription of individual pension and identifies mediation effect by the structural equation model. The analysis based on survey data (N=928) from common people living in the seven major cities in Korea shows that potential longevity, coping efficacy to the financial risks from longevity, subjective knowledge on longevity (cognitive factor), trust in insurers (social factor), and financial literacy(financial factor) are key players exercising direct influence over the subscription of individual pension. It also has been shown that affect on longevity, potential longevity, trust in government, and coping efficacy influence the emotions on longevity, fear and worry, and emotions on longevity are not significant in explaining the subscription of individual pension. Trust in insurers and financial knowledge of prospects have also been reaffirmed to be crucial factors in the activation of individual pension subscription.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.253-259
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• 2016

Objectives: Central obesity plays a major role in the development of many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Chronic stress may be involved in the pathophysiology of central obesity. Although several large-scale genome-wide association studies have reported susceptibility genes for central adiposity, the effects of interactions between genes and psychosocial stress on central adiposity have rarely been examined. A recent study focusing on Caucasians discovered the novel gene early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1), which was associated with central obesity-related traits via interactions with stress levels. We aimed to evaluate EBF1 gene-by-stress interaction effects on central adiposity traits, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT), in Korean adults. Methods: A total of 1467 Korean adults were included in this study. We selected 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the EBF1 gene and analyzed their interactions with stress on central adiposity using additive, dominant, and recessive genetic modeling. Results: The four SNPs that had strong linkage disequilibrium relationships (rs10061900, rs10070743, rs4704967, and rs10056564) demonstrated significant interactions with the waist-hip ratio in the dominant model ($p_{int}$<0.007). In addition, two other SNPs (rs6556377 and rs13180086) were associated with VAT by interactions with stress levels, especially in the recessive genetic model ($p_{int}$<0.007). As stress levels increased, the mean values of central adiposity traits according to SNP genotypes exhibited gradual but significant changes (p<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that the common genetic variants for EBF1 are associated with central adiposity through interactions with stress levels, emphasizing the importance of managing stress in the prevention of central obesity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.155-164
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• 2008

Variable Message Signs (VMS) is one of the major components for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) services that provides real-time traffic and incident information to drivers. The objective of this research was to develop a method determining the optimal location of VMS considering safety and driving characteristics of various drivers. A driving simulator was utilized to evaluate how drivers can safely exit to off-ramp depending on various VMS locations while information relating route diversion was provided. The binary logistic regression and factor analysis were applied in developing a probability model that predicts the success of safe off-ramp exiting. Based on the developed probability model, a method to estimate the spacing between VMS and off-ramp is suggested. It is expected that the products of this study would be utilized as a tool in determining VMS locations for ITS planners and designers.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.679-688
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• 2018

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders that share behavioral features, the results of numerous studies have suggested that the underlying causes of ASDs are multifactorial. Behavioral and/or neurobiological analyses of ASDs have been performed extensively using a valid model of prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA). Abnormal synapse formation resulting from altered neurite outgrowth in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) during embryonic brain development has been observed in both the VPA model and ASD subjects. Although several mechanisms have been suggested, the actual mechanism underlying enhanced neurite outgrowth remains unclear. In this study, we found that VPA enhanced the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), particularly mature BDNF (mBDNF), through dual mechanisms. VPA increased the mRNA and protein expression of BDNF by suppressing the nuclear expression of methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2), which is a transcriptional repressor of BDNF. In addition, VPA promoted the expression and activity of the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), which induces BDNF maturation through proteolytic cleavage. Trichostatin A and sodium butyrate also enhanced tPA activity, but tPA activity was not induced by valpromide, which is a VPA analog that does not induce histone acetylation, indicating that histone acetylation activity was required for tPA regulation. VPA-mediated regulation of BDNF, MeCP2, and tPA was not observed in astrocytes or neurons. Therefore, these results suggested that VPA-induced mBDNF upregulation was associated with the dysregulation of MeCP2 and tPA in developing cortical NPCs.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.203-215
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• 2014

Although many studies about start-up existed, It is almost never shown study about ICT convergence start-up enterprise. This study tries to analyze success factor to start-up enterprise in rapidly growing ICT convergence area. Based on 10 entrepreneurial success cases, We figure out the total 29 units success factors utilizing ERIS model. We classify ICT commercialization with 4 types which are software-R&D centric, software marketing centric, software plus hardware R&D centric, software plus hardware marketing centric. Among success factors the most success factor is related entrepreneur;s ability and include major and professional knowledge about ICT's filed, insight through sensitivity about technical paradigm etc. It was derived the success factors indicated in the course of commercialization of ICT Covergence Unlike other forms of the existing start-up entrepreneurs and contributed to typified in four forms startups for ICT Covergence start-up entrepreneurs.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.83-94
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• 2012

This study was designed to identify and develop the measurement items of symbolic image (personality) of most preferred Korean companies in adaptation of prior research of brand personality. From the common factor analysis, factors were extracted to five dimensions: Sincerity, Competence, Affection, Excitement, and Sophistication. In this survey, we collected data from the 558 respondents and performed a structural equation model using AMOS 16.0. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the measurement model of Korean corporate symbolic image could be effectively used to envision the personality of Korean companies with similar context of brand personality research. Furthermore, this empirical study showed interesting results. One of unique Korean emotions, affection factor, was derived from this research as well and it is also proven that the Korean-corporate symbolic image could be used to measure the corporate personality and it should be continuously reinterpreted with deviation of socio-cultural changes rather than adhering to standardized paradigm.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.03a
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• pp.419-424
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• 2012

This paper discusses the state-of-the-art techniques in real-time state estimation for the Smart Microgrids. The most popular method used in traditional power system state estimation is a Weighted Least Square(WLS) algorithm which is based on Maximum Likelihood(ML) estimation under the assumption of static system state being a set of deterministic variables. In this paper, we present a survey of dynamic state estimation techniques for Smart Microgrids based on Belief Propagation (BP) when the system state is a set of stochastic variables. The measurements are often too sparse to fulfill the system observability in the distribution network of microgrids. The BP algorithm calculates posterior distributions of the state variables for real-time sparse measurements. Smart Microgrids are modeled as a factor graph suitable for characterizing the linear correlations among the state variables. The state estimator performs the BP algorithm on the factor graph based the stochastic model. The factor graph model can integrate new models for solar and wind correlation. It provides the Smart Microgrids with a way of integrating the distributed renewable energy generation. Our study on Smart Microgrid state estimation can be extended to the estimation of unbalanced three phase distribution systems as well as the optimal placement of smart meters.