• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.41-51
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• 2020

Purpose: Fast food franchise companies are trying a variety of innovative services to increase their competitiveness in response to changes in population composition in the fast food market and rapid changes in consumption trends due to technological development. From this point of view, franchise companies that have focused on offline store operations are providing O2O (offline to online) service as a core service for customer convenience. This new attempt is a strategy to increase loyalty by applying an interaction method based on understanding the characteristics of new generation consumers. However, existing studies are focused on the relationship between O2O service and acceptance, so very little is known about how O2O service affects customer loyalty. Therefore, this study examines the impacts of customer involvement and relative advantages of fast food O2O service on customer brand engagement (cognitive and affective engagement) and store loyalty for MZ(Millennials - Z) generations. Research design, data, and methodology: In order to achieve the purposes of this research, several hypotheses were developed. The data were collected from 247 questionnaires in their 16-30s and were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 program. Measurement model analysis was carried out to assess convergent and discriminant validity. Also, common method bias was tested using the values of VIF (variance inflation factor). The hypotheses was tested using structural equation modeling. Result: First, involvement has a positive effect on cognitive and affective engagement. Second, relative advantages have has a positive effect on cognitive and affective engagement. Third, cognitive influences affective engagement. Finally, both cognitive and affective engagement affect store loyalty, but affective engagement has a stronger effect on store loyalty than cognitive engagement. Conclusions: In the process of consumer-brand interaction, it was confirmed that store loyalty was influenced by cognitive and affective engagement sequentially. However, the results show that affective engagement has a relatively stronger on store loyalty than cognitive engagement. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an O2O service strategy to maintain long-term loyal customers by inducing cognitive participation with high-involved consumer, as well as affective interaction, in order to obtain new customers and increase customer loyalty.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.401-410
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• 2021

Since the outbreak of Corona 19, Universities and Lifelong Education Center's arts and sports classes are mainly conducted online. Unfortunately, even in dance where practical practice through face-to-face classes is important, the satisfaction of students is falling because of the limitations of online education. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the quality of education service they feel. In addition, since their academic departure is increasing, we intend to comprehensively study user satisfaction, continuous use intention, and academic continuity intention related to online education. This study confirmed the causal relationship between these 4 variables through exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, model fit and validity verification, and path analysis. As a result of the study, 3 out of 6 hypotheses were adopted, and the of education service quality had a positive effect on satisfaction and use in online dance education. But there was also a limit that did not affect the intention to continue the study. In order to solve fundamental problems such as academic departure, follow-up studies taking into account more diverse social variables are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1575-1582
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• 2020

This study aimed to provide basic data for establishing advertising strategy based on the value and implications of the image of the player by examining the influence of the image of a soccer player on the advertising effect. Therefore, a domestic soccer player selected as a sample the production population who experienced the advertisement selected as a model, and conducted a face-to-face (face-to-face) and non-face-to-face (mobile) survey for about 5 months from May 1 to September 30, 2020. Data from a total of 402 people were used for the final analysis. For data processing, frequency analysis, internal consistency and exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were performed using the SPSS (ver. 21.0) program. The main results of this study are as follows. First, it was found that the soccer player image impact the brand attitude of the advertising effect in the order of body and appearance, performance, reliability, attitude and morality. Second, it was found that the soccer player image impact the advertising attitude of the advertising effect in the order of performance, attitude and morality, body and appearance, reliability.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.12-20
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• 2021

Unsafe working environments slow down working speed in that it takes a lot of time to respond in case of an accident, greatly reducing the productivity of construction work. Therefore, proper safety management that does not impede the productivity of construction works is a very important factor for successful construction project. However especially in mega project, the mutual effects of safety management and productivity are complex. Therefore, this study establishes a causal model between safety management and productivity influencing factors based on effectiveness metrics, and analyzes the effect of increased site congestion due to excessive personnel input, irregular safety measures and inefficient change of work schedules. The result of this study, is expected to contribute to enhancing the competitiveness of the construction industry as the basis for establishing a safety management plan that can secure appropriate productivity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.283-290
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• 2021

Survival analysis was used to determine whether there are differences in the impact of trade payables on business failure according to the size of the company. A total of 41,781 firms from 1999 to 2019 were analyzed. The analysis period was divided into the entire period and before and after the financial crisis. The trade payable ratio is a proxy variable. The increase in trade payables over the entire period increases the possibility of business failure of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). However, in large firms, a significant relationship between the increase in the trade payable ratio and the possibility of corporate failure could not be confirmed. Second, in SMEs during the sub-periods of 1999-2007 and 2009-2019, it was found that an increase in trade payables acts as a factor that increases the possibility of corporate failure. However, in large corporations, the increase in trade payables in the period from 2009 to 2019 has been shown to reduce the rate of failure. An increase in trade payables is recognized as the active development of business activities or the active use of interest-free debt. Therefore, it was confirmed that the impact of trade payables on corporate failure differs depending on the size of the company.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.25-31
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• 2011

In this study, the experimental design methodology was applied to optimize 1,4-dioxane treatment in E-beam process. Main factor was mathematically described as a function of parameters 1,4-dioxane removal efficiencies(%), TOC removal efficiencies(%) modeled by the use of the central composite design(CCD) method among the response surface methodology(RSM). Concentration of 1,4-dioxane is designated as "$x_1$" and Irradiation intensity is designated as "$x_2$". The regression equation in coded unit between the 1,4-dioxane concentration and removal efficiencies(%) was $y=71.00-10.85x_1+20.67x_2+{1.53x_1}^2-{7.92x_2}^2-1.23x_1x_2$. The regression equation in coded unit between the 1,4-dioxane concentration and TOC removal efficiencies(%) was $y=44.48-13.25x_1+9.54x_2+{5.43x_1}^2-{1.35x_2}^2+4.45x_1x_2$. The model predictions agreed well with the experimentally observed results $R^2$(Adj) over 90%. Toxicity test using algae Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata showed that the inhibition was reduced according to increasing an E-beam irradiation.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.135-156
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aim to determine adolescent meal time, which provides the important context of parent-child sharing time. We divided mealtime into family meal and alone meal, and analyzed the time/space context of each meal time as well as the social determinations. Method: We employed adolescents age 10-18 who live with married patents and attends school at the present (n=5,128) from the original data of Korean Time Use Survey. Results: More adolescent were engaged in family meal rather than eating alone in daily bases. However, the trend show difference by day of week and academic grade; family meal are more prevalent in weekends rather than weekdays. As adolescent reaches high school age, the proportion of eating alone beats the proportion of family meal time. Most of the meal occur at home. Having meal outside was relatively scares, especially on weekdays. Tobit and logistic analysis reveal that, on weekday meal, less school hours, more time spent at the private academy, having family leisure event, and long mother's housework hours were positively associated with family meal time. In weekend model, father's education gradient was associated with family meal time, showing higher the father's education level, there were higher chance of having weekend family meal. As for the eating alone, relevant factors were similar with family meal but the directions were the opposite; having family leisure were negatively associated with alone meal, both weekdays and weekend. Long academy hours, meal preparing and leisure alone were positively associated eating alone. Overall, weekday meal time was strongly linked with adolescent daily schedules and time use, while for weekends meal, in both family meal and alone meal, the influence of parent factors were discovered. Conclusion: The results indicates that alone meal and the family meal are not exclusively related but seem to be complementary. Families tend to enjoy family meal yet, there are some necessary situation that adolescent need to be on their own. Increase in ready-made food industries, growing independence of children by age seem partly allow adolescent children to eat alone. Careful attentions may require for monitoring weekends meal situation and the family factor of adolescent in future studies.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.209-214
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• 2017

Background and Objectives Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) is one of the most effective treatment modalities of tinnitus based on the neurophysiological model proposed by Jastreboff and Hazell. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of counselor factor on treatment outcomes of TRT. Subjects and Method The total of 78 patients who had TRT from three different counselors in a tinnitus clinic of tertiary referral center from Jan 2015 to Dec 2015 were included in this study. Their medical records were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the therapeutic response to TRT. Results Among 78 patients who were followed-up for more than 6 months, 47, 20, and 11 patients were treated by counselors A, B, C (all ENT specialists), respectively. Counselor A had 15-year-experience of TRT counseling, whereas counselor B and C were well trained but beginners of TRT counseling. Initial clinical characteristics including Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and tinnitus Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores of the patients among three groups were not significantly different. Treatment responses evaluated via THI and most of the tinnitus VAS scores after at least 6 months after TRT were significantly improved in all three groups (p<0.05) with no significant difference between the senior (A) and junior (B, C) group. Conclusion TRT seems to be an effective treatment modality of tinnitus even in this short term follow-up study. Treatment outcomes of TRT may not depend on the counselors once they are well trained and follow the same protocol.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.175-184
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the strategic role of the human resources department in the manufacturing industry on organizational effectiveness through education and training satisfaction. Among the data from the 7th human capital company panel survey, data from the manufacturing industry were used and analyzed through a structural equation model. The results of this study are as follows: First, the strategic role of the HR department has a positive effect on satisfaction with education and training. Second, satisfaction with education and training and the strategic role of HR departments have a positive effect on job satisfaction among organizational effectiveness. Third, it was confirmed that education and training satisfaction has a mediating effect on the relationship between the HR department's strategic role and job satisfaction. The results of this study are expected to become the basis for expanding the authority and responsibilities of the HR department, which is an important factor in overcoming the crisis faced by SMEs as well as innovation, and redefining their role.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.237-268
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• 2021

As variable renewable sources rapidly increase due to the Energy Transition plan, integration cost of renewable sources to the power system is rising sharply. The increase in variable renewable energy reduces the capacity factor of existing traditional power capacity, and this undermines the efficiency of the overall power supply, and demand resources are drawing attention as a solution. In this study, we analyzed how much electric vehicle demand resouces, which has great potential among other demand resources, can reduce power supply costs if it is used as a flexible resource for renewable generation. As a methodology, a stochastic form of power system optimization model that can effectively reflect the volatile characteristics of renewable generation is used to analyze the cost induced by renewable energy and the benefits offered by electric vehicle demand resources. The result shows that virtual power plant-based direct control method has higher benefits than the time-of-use tariff, and the higher the proportion of renewable energy is in the power system, the higher the benefits of electric vehicle demand resources are. The net benefit after considering commission fee for aggregators and battery wear-and-tear costs was estimated as 67% to 85% of monthly average fuel cost under virtual power plant with V2G capability, and this shows that a sufficient incentive for market participation can be offered when a rate system is applied in which these net benefits of demand resources are effectively distributed to consumers.