• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.151-169
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• 2015

Social enterprises that are solving pressing global issues and providing services such as micro-finance, affordable housing, appropriate technology and education for the 'bottom of the pyramid' as well as cultural and community-related businesses that improve the 'quality of life' within a society are the target of impact investments. Among them, a capital financing is one of the most important factor in founding and fostering of social enterprise. However, the capital market for social enterprises in South Korea are not yet sufficiently developed. The Britain and U.S.A. attempted to solve the social problem by the introduction of the social innovation credit model, for example, social impact bonds(SIB), Big Society Capital, DBLIF, and ACCION International, which are considered as an innovative new financing instrument for social program. Instruments are being attempted for the first time in Britain and America. This study have two purposes. The first purpose is abstracting the institutional mechanism for introduction of impact investment such as SIB and DBLIF case in Britain and U.S.A.. Second, analyzing type and mix of policy instrument on impact investment from the perspective of policy instrument.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2018

The threat to information security is growing globally. To this, organizations are increasing the weight of adapting and operating the more specialized information security policy and system. Information security requires participation from the employees who execute the security system and policy, and to increase the level of organization's internal security, requires organization's systematic support to improve employees' information security compliance intention. This research finds the mechanism for improving employee's information security compliance intention by applying justice theory and goal setting theory in information security. We use structural equation modeling to verify the research hypothesis, and conducted a survey on the employees of organization with information security policy. In other words, this research performs verification of the research model based hypothesis which claims that security policy goal setting has positive influence on employee's level of security related justice recognition, and claims that justice has positive influence on compliance intention. The object of study is the employees of the organization that adapts information security policy, and 383 valid samples were collected via survey. Structural equation modeling was performed to verify the research hypothesis. The result shows that security policy goal factor (goal difficulty, goal specificity) improves employee's security related justice recognition, and that security related justice (distribution, process, and information justice) has positive influence on compliance intention. The result suggests the strategic approach directions for improving employees' compliance intention on organization's security policy.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2012

Herein, life time prediction based on the deterioration of physical properties of chloroprene rubber (CR)aged by heat and seawater was performed. CR samples were experienced an accelerated test at $80^{\circ}C$, $100^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$ for heat aging, and $40^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, $80^{\circ}C$ for seawater aging for 20,000 hrs. The change in tensile strength, maximum elongation,hardness was measured. As a result, the decrease in elongation was a major factor causing failure. The life time estimated using an Arrhenius model was 125 years at $23^{\circ}C$ for thermal aging and 9 years at $23^{\circ}C$ for seawater aging. SEM and elemental analysis reveal that cracks were generated and the content of oxygen was increased for CR agined by seawater. FT-IR spectrum shows the new C-O and C = O bonds were generated by the chemical reaction with seawater. Also, the glass transtion temperature was increased and the thermal decomposition was decreased by seawater aging.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.39-77
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• 2000

The paper examines non-agricultural occupations of Korean immigrants in the Russian Far East from 1860s to 1930s. First of all, theoretical perspectives regarding immigrants\` job selection and positions in the labor market such as cultural theory, segmented labor market theory, human capital theory, and ethnic enclave theory were reviewed and then how these theories can be applied to various jobs of Korean immigrants including mining, fishing, small business, service, and miscellaneous jobs was studied. Next. this article points out that those theories cannot explain both supply and demand sides of migration simultaneously, suggesting the need to integrate two sides of migration. In order to fill out this gap in the literature, this paper suggests the integrative approach which combines supply side and demand side of migration. According to this model, several factors in the non-agricultural jabs which were affecting Korean immigration in the Russian Far East. were identified and discussed in relation with existing theoretical perspectives. Finally this paper concludes that, in order to understand Koran migration in the Russian Far East properly, we have to take into consideration simultaneously both supply-sided factors of immigration including farming-oriented characteristics of Koreans, Korean socio-economic problems preceding immigration, and self-dependent tendencies of Korean immigrants and demand-side factor like the Russian migration policy to the immigrants and various regional situations in the Russian Far East.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.157-171
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• 2001

This study investigated the effects of Pb/Tl ratio, Pb concentration and concomitant matrix elements on the measurement of Pb isotope ratios using multi-collector ICP/MS (AXIOM MC model). Accuracy and reproducibility of Pb isotope ratios in NBS 981 solution were estimated for 42 data measured from March to August 2001. Pb isotopes measured in rocks, bronzes and sediments were compared to data measured by TIMS. Reproducibilities for $^{206}Pb/^{204}Pb,\; ^{207}Pb/^{204}Pb,\;and\;^{208}Pb/^{204}Pb$ ratio were about 500 ppm (2sd) and for $^{207}Pb/^{206}Pb$\;and\;^{208}Pb/^{206}Pb$ were 100~200 ppm for 200 ng of Pb in NBS 981 solution. The optimum conditions for the analysis of Pb isotope ratios with AXIOM MC for best accuracy and reproducibility were defined as follows; 1) Pb/Tl ratio is about 10 2) Pb concentration is about 100 ng/ml 3) correction for mass discrimination is performed by exponential law using 2.3887 of $^{205}Tl/^{203}Tl$ and Pb mass fractionation factor empirically obtained from $ln(^{208}Pb/^{206}Pb)-ln(^{205}Tl/^{203}Tl)$ relationship. The sample data measured with MC/ICP/MS for acid-digested and chemically separated rock samples, and acid-digested bronze samples and sediment samples coincide with those of TIMS within analytical errors. Therefore, MC/ICP/MS is a rapid analytical technique for Pb isotope ratios with the similar precision compared with TIMS.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.181-197
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• 2010

This study is for finding a geoscientific factor for clarifying the source soil of the ancient earthenware finding. The used samples were the earthenware, soil and rocks, which were collected at the Gyeongju, Gyeongsan and Haman area. The chemical and mineralogical study for the samples were carried out for understanding the change of mineralogical and chemical composition among them. The mineralogical compositions of the earthenware are different from those of the soils from the surrounding area, which suggests that the mineralogical approach for clarifying the source soil of the earthenware should be difficult. Major element compositions of the earthenware also are different from those of the surrounding soils, which suggests that the comparison of the chemical composition using the major elements might be difficult for deducing the source soil of the earthenware. However, PAAS-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns and Nd model ages among the rock, soils and earthenware from the same sampling sites show similar characteristics one another compared to those of the major element compositions. Nd-Sr isotopic systematics among the earthenware, soils and rocks also show a close relationship. Our results suggest that REE and Nd-Sr isotope geochemistry might be more useful than the other geochemical technique in clarifying the source soils of the ancient earthenware.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

The combustion reactivity of char depending on the pyrolysis pressure was investigated with Pressurized Thermogravimetric Analyser. The amounts of volatiles released at pyrolysis pressure of 1, 8 and 15 atm were, first, measured with Alaska, Adaro and Denisovsky coals. Reactivities of chars produced at var-ious pyrolysis pressure were evaluated at atmospheric pressure and 500℃, and analysed in terms of char crystal structure, surface area, pore characteristics and chemical composition of char. Finally, the combustion reactivities of three chars were examined at pressure of 1 atm, 8 atm and 15 atm. From this study, it was recognized that the amount of volatiles released decreases with increase in pyrolysis pressure, and reaction rate of char produced at higher pyrolysis pressure was lower than that at lower pyrolysis pressure. It might be resulted from the difference in char surface area and pore characteristics rather than char crystal structure and chemical characteristics. At 15 atm, kinetic parameters of Alaska char were obtained with the grain model, and these were 56.8 KJ/mole for activation energy and 222.34 (1/min) for frequency factor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.67-75
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• 2000

The numerical simulation of Brazilian fracture toughness test is carried out using PFC code and the influence parameters are analyzed such as shape of loading plane, size of Brazilian disc and unit panicle of model, loading angle and loading rate. The flattened Brazilian disc is adopted for applying uniform load. The range of loading angle(2$\alpha$) necessary to induce the tensile crack at disc center and to obtain the load-displacement curve giving the critical load for the stable crack propagation is shown as 20$^{\circ}$~40$^{\circ}$. In condition that the loading angle is 20$^{\circ}$, the mode-I fracture toughness is evaluated almost constant in the range of particle size less than I mm and loading rate less than 0.01 mm/s. This range of influence parameters seems appropriate condition for the tensile crack initiation at disc center and the control of stable crack propagation, which can give the reliance in evaluation of fracture toughness by Brazilian test.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.320-328
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• 2000

The numerical simulation of Brazilian fracture toughness test is carried out using PFC code and the influence parameters are analyzed such as shape of loading plane, size of Brazilian disc and unit particle of model, loading angle and loading rate. The flattened Brazilian disc is adopted for applying uniform load. The range of loading angle(2$\alpha$) necessary to induce the tensile crack at disc center and to obtain the load-displacement curve giving the critical load for the stable crack propagation is shown as 20°∼40°. In condition that the loading angle is 20°, the mode-I fracture toughness is evaluated almost constant in the range of particle size less than 1 mm and loading rate less than 0.01㎜/s. This range of influence parameters seems appropriate condition for the tensile crack initiation at disc center and the control of stable crack propagation, which can give the reliance in evaluation of fracture toughness by Brazilian test.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.7 s.78
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• pp.91-98
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• 2004

This study focuses on the development of dynamic assignment for evaluation and application for dynamic route guidance strategy. Travelers are classified according to information contents which they received pre/on trip. The first group have no traffic information, so they travel with fixed route. The second group have real-time shortest path and travel according to it. The last group have car navigation system or individual method(cellular phone, PDA-two way communication available) for traffic information on trip. And then they are assigned in accordance with the proposed multiclass dynamic assignment model. At this time the last group is gotten under control with DFS(decentralized feedback strategy). In use of this Process we expect that various traffic information strategy can be tested and also be the key factor for success of ITS, location of VMS(variable message sign), cycle of information, area of traffic information, etc).