• Educational Technology International
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-37
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to develop a MOOC design model that would improve the current practice of MOOC development in Korea by specifying easy-to-use course development procedures and guiding strategies. Following Richey and Klein (2007)'s conceptual model development procedure, the first step was to perform critical review of relevant literature and observe typical MOOC development processes. As a result, the initial model was developed. The second step was to conduct the expert review with five educational technology and MOOC researchers to secure the internal validity of the model. Based on the experts' suggestions, the model was revised and once again reviewed by the same experts. This process resulted in the development of the 2^nd version of model. The third step was to carry out external validation research in order to test the effectiveness, efficiency, and usability of the model. A basic model may be confirmed or corrected based on examination of its results. Consequently, the model was elaborated as the final model. In the final model, 6 procedural phases and 9 specific steps were included. The six procedural phases are: Analysis (1st Iteration), Design, Development (Course Development), Implementation, Evaluation, and Analysis (2nd Iteration), a slight variation of ADDIE model. The specific steps include: 1) Goal Setting, 2) Environment Analysis, 3) Content Design, 4) Style Design, 5) Course Development, 6) Implementation Plan, 7) Course Implementation, 8) Summative Evaluation, and 9) Need Reflection. The study concluded with suggestions for further research and application of the MOOC design model.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.177-201
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• 1997

In this paper, a model of cost evaluatino for computer software development is proposed . This model is designed to cope with various development environment since the development cost is directly dependent on the development environments. The model that satisfies the users request is turned out to be a function point model. For the future research , a model that contain new technique and new development environment and an imaginative model are desired . Also, in order to effective cost estimation a systematic research on structure of software development , establishment of standard development methodology, project management and technique are desired.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.539-554
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• 2012

Model-driven and component-oriented development is increasingly being used in the development of embedded systems. When combined, both paradigms provide several advantages, such as higher reuse rates, and improved system quality. Performing model-driven and component-oriented development should be accompanied by a component model and a method that prescribes how the component model is used. This article provides an overview on the MARMOT method, which consists of an abstract component model and a methodology for the development of embedded systems. The paper describes a feasibility study that demonstrates MARMOT's capability to alleviate system design, verification, implementation, and reuse. Results indicate that model-driven and component-based development following the MARMOT method outperforms Agile development for embedded systems, leads to maintainable systems, and higher than normal reuse rates.

• Atmosphere
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.87-101
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• 2022

In this paper, the performance improvement for the new KMA's Climate Prediction System (GloSea6), which has been built and tested in 2021, is presented by assessing the bias distribution of basic variables from 24 years of GloSea6 hindcasts. Along with the upgrade from GloSea5 to GloSea6, the performance of GloSea6 can be regarded as notable in many respects: improvements in (i) negative bias of geopotential height over the tropical and mid-latitude troposphere and over polar stratosphere in boreal summer; (ii) cold bias of tropospheric temperature; (iii) underestimation of mid-latitude jets; (iv) dry bias in the lower troposphere; (v) cold tongue bias in the equatorial SST and the warm bias of Southern Ocean, suggesting the potential of improvements to the major climate variability in GloSea6. The warm surface temperature in the northern hemisphere continent in summer is eliminated by using CDF-matched soil-moisture initials. However, the cold bias in high latitude snow-covered area in winter still needs to be improved in the future. The intensification of the westerly winds of the summer Asian monsoon and the weakening of the northwest Pacific high, which are considered to be major errors in the GloSea system, had not been significantly improved. However, both the use of increased number of ensembles and the initial conditions at the closest initial dates reveals possibility to improve these biases. It is also noted that the effect of ensemble expansion mainly contributes to the improvement of annual variability over high latitudes and polar regions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.136-148
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• 1995

In this study, a model integration method is pressented as a new method for development of a parametric simulation model. This method enable us to integrate the special simulation models for each production subsystem into a large simulation model. Not only this large simulation model but also each special simulation model for each production subsytem can be used independently. Using this integration method man can reduce the development time and cost for simulation model development. To show the usefulness of this method, a simulation model for a production system with robots is developed by this model integration method. This simulation model is realized by the integration of two special simulation models, one model for a machining subsystem and the other model for a transport subsystem. The modeled production system consists of the robotic cells for machining and a transport subsystem which enable the material flow among the robotic cells. The flow of workpiece in each robotic cell is not fixed. All machines in a robotic cell are only served by robots.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.213-219
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• 2016

Most existing studies on the wide-area differential global positioning system (WADGPS) employed a grid ionosphere model for error correction in the ionospheric delay. The present study discusses the application of satellite-based ionospheric delay model that provides an error model as a plane function with regard to individual satellites in order to improve accuracy in the WADGPS. The satellite-based ionospheric delay model was developed by Stanford University in the USA. In the present study, the algorithm in the model is applied to the WADGPS system and experimental results using measurements in the Korean Peninsula are presented. Around 1 m horizontal accuracy was exhibited in the existing planar fit grid model but when the satellite-based model was applied, correction performance within 1 m was verified.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 1997

This study aims to analyze the model of 'autonomous regional development', which was initiated in 1980s in Austria, then introduced into Germany and Switzerland. The basic ideas of autonomous regional development are constructed of the peculiarity, the autonomy, the integrity, and the project promotion. The subjects of the development-four poles of the model 'autonomous regional development' -are designed of the land residents, the regional advisers, the regional associations and the state. The concret measures to realize the autonomous regional development are the realization of independent regional economic structures, the autonomy of political decision-makings, and the development of peculiar rural cultures. The autonomous regional development is a new development model, which is founded on the right basic principles. In this model the initiative of the residents is emphasized, and the real autonomy of regional development is required. The principle of autonomy leads to the development of peculiar rural cultures, which keep the peculiarity of the region. The development of rural culture contributes in turn to restoring the identity of residents, which may become a driving force of the rural development.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.317-327
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• 1997

The objectives of this study were to review studies on the community attachment and to identify it's related variables. Community attachment variables were divided into linear development model variables and system model variables. The theoretical base for linear development model originated from Ferdinand Toennies(1957) and system model was from Kasarda and Janowitz(1974). Linear development model variables were population size and density. And system model variables were age, education, income, number of children, marital status, length of residence, sex, and job. Recent studies on the community attachment were being carried out through system model than linear development model.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.56-78
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• 2012

This study which is an alternative exploration for improving the quality level of instruction considering the perception of the teachers in early childhood education field on instructional design is to develop Differentiated Instructional Design Model coincides with the purpose of differentiated instruction curricula and with instructional design principles, and to find out whether the model has significant effect on development of teacher's professionalism. With these purposes, the perception of 343 teachers from early childhood education institutions are investigated, and after component variables are set by drawing the instructional design model available in early childhood education field and reviewing the literature of differentiated instruction model, the Differentiated Instructional design Model for Early Childhood are developed based on FGI(Focus Group Interview) expert evaluation. The experimental study of 88 teachers working in childcare facilities was implemented for effectiveness verification. As a result, first, most teachers consider the priority on making the lesson plans as the development of early childhood and Kindergarten Educational Subjects, and they realize the development of instructional design model which contributes on lesson planning and implementation is much needed. Second, the Differentiated Instructional design Model for Early Childhood are developed, which consists of the cyclic process - pre-lesson phase, lesson implementation phase, and assessment phase -based on development characteristics of early childhood. Third, the experiment of the developed model showed that the scores of experimental group is significantly higher than those of comparative group in knowledge and technique development aspect, and self-understanding development aspect among the aspects of development of teacher's professionalism.

• Atmosphere
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.141-154
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• 2020

Seasonal forecast is growing in demand, as it provides valuable information for decision making and potential to reduce impact on weather events. This study examines how operational climate prediction systems can be reliable, producing the probability forecast in seasonal scale. A reliability diagram was used, which is a tool for the reliability by comparing probabilities with the corresponding observed frequency. It is proposed for a method grading scales of 1-5 based on the reliability diagram to quantify the reliability. Probabilities are derived from ensemble members using hindcast data. The analysis is focused on skill for 2 m temperature and precipitation from climate prediction systems in KMA, UKMO, and ECMWF, NCEP and JMA. Five categorizations are found depending on variables, seasons and regions. The probability forecast for 2 m temperature can be relied on while that for precipitation is reliable only in few regions. The probabilistic skill in KMA and UKMO is comparable with ECMWF, and the reliabilities tend to increase as the ensemble size and hindcast period increasing.