• PNF and Movement
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to confirm the effectiveness of the diaphragm stretching technique as a treatment method for low back pain by evaluating maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and changes in back mobility in patients with low back pain. Methods: Thirty-four patients with low back pain were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The diaphragm stretching technique was conducted in the experimental group, and the placebo intervention was conducted in the control group. The diaphragm stretching technique was conducted once, maintaining tension for 7 min. The placebo intervention was conducted in the same position as the diaphragm stretching technique, but with only light contact maintained without pressure. Maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and back mobility were measured before and after the intervention, and the changes were compared and analyzed. A paired sample t-test was used to compare measurements within the group before and after the intervention. An independent t-test was used to compare the experimental and control groups. Statistical significance (α) was set at 0.05. Results: In the experimental group, maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and back mobility increased significantly after the intervention (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the changes in all areas of the control (p > 0.05). As a result of comparative analysis of changes before and after the intervention, there were significant differences in maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and back mobility only in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The diaphragm stretching technique improved maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, and back mobility compared to the placebo intervention. Therefore, the diaphragm stretching technique can be recommended as a physical therapy intervention to improve pain in patients with LBP.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.10B
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• pp.1168-1174
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• 2011

The IEFT has recently considered to provide flow mobility for multi-interface MN in the PMIPv6. In this paper, we proposed an extended BCE of the LMA and a novel mechanism for flow mobility of PMIPv6. With our proposal BCE and mechanism, the LMA can route packets by the flow label and hence packet loss during handover can be eliminated. Also, to validate our flow mobility scheme, we designed and implemented the PMIPv6 packet data unit and database of both LMA and MAG, and configured a testbed for flow mobility in PMIPv6. And the support of flow mobility was configured with the network connectivity test in our testbed. According to the Wireshark results, we can see that our proposed scheme works wells for flow mobility in PMIPv6.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2023

Objective : To investigate the effects of thorax mobility exercises on thorax mobility, breathing pattern, and respiratory capacity in subjects with restricted thorax mobility. Methods : Thirteen subjects with restricted thorax mobility participated in this study. Measurement of thorax circumference using a tape measure (difference between inhalation and exhalation), breathing pattern (distance of rib cage elevation during breathing), and respiratory capacity was performed. Paired t-test was used to compare the thorax mobility, breathing pattern, and respiratory capacity between before and after thorax mobility excercise. Statiscal significance was set at .05. Results : There were significant differences in thorax mobility and breathing pattern, but no significant difference in respiratory capacity (p < .05). Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, thorax mobility exercise using the rib mobilization technique is considered to be a method that can improve thorax mobility and normalize abnormal breathing patterns that cause rib cage elevation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.134-143
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• 2022

Objectives: Many governments have imposed-and are still imposing-mobility restrictions to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, there is no consensus on whether policy-induced reductions of human mobility effectively reduce the effective reproduction number (Rt) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several studies based on country-restricted data reported conflicting trends in the change of the SARS-CoV-2 Rt following mobility restrictions. The objective of this study was to examine, at the global scale, the existence of regional specificities in the correlations between Rt and human mobility. Methods: We computed the Rt of SARS-CoV-2 using data on worldwide infection cases reported by the Johns Hopkins University, and analyzed the correlation between Rt and mobility indicators from the Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports in 125 countries, as well as states/regions within the United States, using the Pearson correlation test, linear modeling, and quadratic modeling. Results: The correlation analysis identified countries where Rt negatively correlated with residential mobility, as expected by policymakers, but also countries where Rt positively correlated with residential mobility and countries with more complex correlation patterns. The correlations between Rt and residential mobility were non-linear in many countries, indicating an optimal level above which increasing residential mobility is counterproductive. Conclusions: Our results indicate that, in order to effectively reduce viral circulation, mobility restriction measures must be tailored by region, considering local cultural determinants and social behaviors. We believe that our results have the potential to guide differential refinement of mobility restriction policies at a country/regional resolution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.87-93
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the 8.5seconds cut-off of the 8-foot up-and-go test as a predictor of falling and a good discriminator of fallers and non-fallers in women in their 60s to 80s. METHODS: The final subjects of this study were 98 elderly women from six senior centers of B metropolitan city. The 8-foot up-and-go test evaluated agility and dynamic balance. The chair-stand test measured the muscle strength for of the lower body. Ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion were measured to assess the ankle mobility of the subjects in this study. RESULTS: The below 8.5seconds group showed significantly low values in age and high values in chair-stand (times/30 s), plantar flexion ($^{\circ}$), and K-MMSE (score) compared to the over 8.5seconds group. This group was significantly faster compared to the over 8.5seconds group. In the below 8.5seconds group, only plantar flexion ($^{\circ}$) of all the items showed significantly higher values among those in their 60s compared to those in their 70s and 80s. CONCLUSION: The 8.5seconds cut-off on the 8-foot up-and-go test as a good discriminator and predictor of falling showed differences among fall risk factors (age, lower extremity strength, cognition, and ankle mobility) in women in their 60s to 80s without having regular exercise and a fall experience over the past ones year.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2006

In mobile ad-hoc networks(MANETs), nodes are mobile and network topology changes very frequently. The mobility of nodes does affect the system performance. There has been considerable attention on the mobility models, however, most work is confined to the simulation or test-bed. In this paper, we propose an analytical method to evaluate the performances of MANETs such as the average radio range dwell time of mobile nodes, link holding time, and transmission failure probability considering the node's mobility. In the proposed model, MANETs consist of the multi-hop and multicasting routing paths. A simulation is done to validate our proposed analytical model.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2406-2409
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• 2008

The concept of optical mobility in the optical particle separation was derived. To verify the concept of the optical mobility, three particles were chosen to test the effects of optical mobility, namely, PSL, PMMA and silica particles. Three different experiments were performed. Firstly, retention distances of the different sized particles were measured and predicted. Secondly, retention distances of particles, having same size but different refractive indices, were measured and predicted. Finally, retention distances of the particles, which had the same optical mobility but very different sized and refractive indices, were measured and predicted.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.296-301
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• 2004

By the purpose to investigate the change of internal stress and mobile dislocation density in creep, the stress relaxation test is carried out in the condition of each strain. Mobile dislocation density increased until it reached minimum creep rate and after that, it decreased and internal stress didn't have the change approximately until it reached minimum creep rate and after that, it decreased. The stress relaxation rate is fast and approached zero after 1.5 seconds after the beginning of the stress relaxation. And the larger the applied stress is, the larger the internal stress is. By the evaluation of mobility of dislocation, the dislocations glide viscously in STS31OJlTB but it is the dislocations glide viscously which N passes by cutting Cr atom rather than typical viscosity movement after calculating mobility of dislocation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.415-433
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• 1999

Implant stability is the key to long-term successful outcome for osseointegrated implants. To evaluate the initial healing response of bone around HA-coated implants without primary bone contact. 21 HA-coated thread type implants(STERI-OSS?) were placed in the femurs of 5 mongrel dogs, about 1-year old. Implants, 8 mm in length and 3.8mm(experimental 1group), 5.0mm(experimental 2group) and 6.0mm(control group) in diameter, were inserted after 3 holes of 6.0mm in diameter and 10mm in depth were prepared in the surgical sites each dog. Implants were supported by only nonresorbable membrane($Teflon^{(R)}$), in order to prevent the ingrowth of upper soft tissue into the gap between bone and implant, and to maintain each implant to be positioned in the center of the drilled hole. 9 implants with different diameters were inserted in 3 dogs for histologic observation, and 12 implants were inserted in 2 dogs for mobility test and removal torque test. Fluorescent dyes were injected for the observation of new bone formation in order of $Terramycin^{(R)}$, Arizarin $Red^{(R)}$, and $Calcein^{(R)}$ at an interval of 2 weeks. 3 dogs were sacrificed for histologic observation at 4, 8, and 12-week after placement. Light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to qualitatively characterize the bone around HA-coated implant. 2 dogs were sacrificed for mobility test($Periotest^{(R)}$, Simens AG, Bensheim, Germany) and removal torque test($Autograph^{(R)}$ AGS-1000D series, Japan) at 8 and 12-week after placement The results were as follows: 1. Histologic observation showed that osseointegration occurred to both control and experimental groups as time lapse, but delayed bone healing was revealed in 3.8mm group (experimental 1group), compared to contrtol group and 5.0mm group (experimental 2group). 2. The mobility test showed that the experimental groups had no distinguishable movement during experimental periods of 8 and 12-week, and there was no difference in mobility depending on the gap between bone and implant, and time lapse. 3. The removal torque forces were increased depended on the gaps decreasing between bone and implant, and time lapse. The results suggest that HA-coated implant without primary bone contact, based on guided bone regeneration could obtain its stability in all experimental groups as time lapse, but bone healing was delayed in experimental group of 3.8mm. And the results suggested that studies on correlationship between mobility test and removal torque test for implant stability would be necessary.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2009

An RF test structure is proposed and its applicability is confirmed by measuring DC characteristics and high frequency characteristics. Effective mobility extraction is also performed to confirm the validity of proposed test structure. The area of suggested test structure consumed on wafer was decreased by more than 50% and its characteristics do not be degraded compared with conventional structure.