• 한국가금학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2017

본 시험은 가축혈액과 맥섬석을 7:3 중량비율로 잘 혼합하여 $200^{\circ}C$에서 초고온 순간 분무방식으로 건조된 혈분을 육계사료에 첨가 급여하여 생산성과 육질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 육계(브로일러)병아리 600수(4처리 ${\times}$ 50수씩 ${\times}$ 3반복) 구분 배치(대조구; 건조혈분 무첨가; T1구, 건조혈분 0.5% 첨가; T2구, 건조혈분 1.0% 첨가; T3구, 건조혈분 3.0% 첨가)한 후 35일간 사양시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 사료섭취량과 사료요구율은 대조구가 높은 경향이었고, 도체중은 T2구(1,749 g), T3구(1,739 g), T1구(1,621 g)가 대조구(1,448.5 g)보다 유의적으로 높았고(p<0.001), 도체율은 T3구(83.26%)가 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.001). 계육의 육질분석에서 조지방은 T2구(1.14%)가 높았고(p<0.001), 보수력은 T1구(62.27%)와 T2구(63.80%)가 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.001). 또한 육색에서 L값(명도)은 처리구(53.98~55.48)가 대조구(45.81)보다 크게 높았다(p<0.01). 또한 가슴과 다리육의 콜레스테롤 함량은 39.28~50.44 mg/100 g 범위에 있었고, 대부분 처리구가 39.28~47.34 mg/100 g 범위로서 대조구(50.44 mg/100g)보다 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다(p<0.001) 계육의 지방산 조성은 oleic acid가 가장 많았고, 그 다음으로 palmitic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid 순으로 낮아졌다. 또한 불포화지방산(UFA) 및 단가불포화지방산(MUFA) 및 UFA/SFA 비율은 T1구가 각각 69.35%, 52.00% 및 2.26%로 다른 처리구보다 크게 높았다(p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001). 아미노산 함량에서는 cystine, methionine 함량이 처리구(0.43~0.57%)가 대조구(0.38~0.46%)보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면, 가축혈액과 맥섬석을 7:3 비율로 혼합하여 제조한 혈분을 육계사료에 0.5~1.0% 정도 첨가급여하면 증체량, 사료효율 및 계육의 육질이 개선될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권11호
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• pp.1658-1672
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• 2016

급격히 성장하고 있는 중국의 외식시장을 겨냥한 한식 외식상품의 개발 및 진출 가능성을 알아보기 위해 sous-vide 잡채의 양념 배합 비율에 대한 한국과 중국 소비자의 기호도를 조사하였다. 잡채 시료는 각 재료를 개별 조리한 후 최종단계에서 혼합하는 전통적인 방법 대신 모든 재료를 한꺼번에 진공포장한 후 저온 조리하는 sous-vide 조리법을 적용하여 외식 상품으로 개발하였다. Sous-vide 잡채에 대한 소비자 기호도 조사는 한국인 119명과 중국인 136명을 대상으로 각각 서울과 북경에서 실시하였다. 소비자 기호도 조사는 sous-vide 잡채 양념의 간장 설탕, 샐러드유의 배합비를 달리하여 간장 설탕 혼합물의 비율을 저(8%), 중(13%), 고(18%) 3개 수준으로, 샐러드유의 비율을 무(0%), 중(12%), 고(24%) 3개 수준으로 첨가하여 제조한 9개의 잡채 시료에 대하여 전반적, 외관, 향미, 짠맛, 단맛, 기름진 맛의 기호도와 구매의향을 알아보았다. 잡채에 대한 소비자조사에서 한국인의 경우 전반적, 외관, 향미, 짠맛, 단맛 기호도 및 구매의향은 샐러드유의 양과 관계없이 간장 설탕 혼합물을 중 고비율로 첨가한 군에서 유의적으로 높은 경향을 보였다(P<0.001). 기름진 맛의 기호도는 간장 설탕 혼합물을 중 고비율, 기름을 무 중비율로 첨가한 군에서 유의적으로 높은 경향을 나타냈다(P<0.001). 중국인의 경우 전반적 기호도, 향미 기호도와 구매의향은 간장 설탕 혼합물이 고비율, 샐러드유가 중 고비율로 첨가된 군에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.001). 짠맛과 단맛 기호도에서는 모두 샐러드유의 양과 관계없이, 짠맛 기호도는 간장 설탕 혼합물을 고비율로 첨가한 군, 단맛 기호도는 간장 설탕 혼합물을 중 고비율로 첨가한 군에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.001). 기름진 맛 기호도는 간장 설탕 혼합물의 비율과 관계없이 샐러드유를 무 중비율로 첨가한 군이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.01). 외관 기호도에서는 모든 시료 간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 대체로 한국인과 중국인 모두 샐러드유량과 관계없이 간장 설탕 혼합물을 중 고비율로 첨가한 군을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 한국인은 간장 설탕 혼합물을 저비율로 첨가한 군을 일관적으로 가장 좋아하지 않는다고 답했으며, 중국인은 한국인보다 간장 설탕 혼합물 저 고비율 첨가군을 더 선호하였다. 반면 샐러드유의 첨가비율은 간장 설탕의 첨가비율에 비하여 양 국가소비자의 기호도에 크게 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 한국인과 중국인의 한식과 잡채에 대한 인식을 조사하고, 선호하는 잡채 양념의 간장 설탕 및 샐러드유의 양을 찾아내었다. 이 결과를 통해 한식 외식 상품으로서의 잡채 개발을 위한 방향의 제시와 중국시장 진출 가능성을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과는 한식의 중국 현지화를 위한 외식 상품 개발 시 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2008

마이크로역학을 기초로 하여 Slag-ECC (고로슬래그 미분말이 혼입된 ECC)가 개발되었으며, 기존의 연구에서는 Slag-ECC가 높은 연성을 나타내도록 마이크로역학을 도입하여 재료의 배합비가 제시되었다. 이 연구에서는 Slag-ECC의 자기충전과 숏크리트 시공성을 구현하기 위하여, Slag-ECC의 기본 배합에 혼화재료의 투입 순서에 상관없이 혼화재료를 한번에 투입하여 유동 특성을 제어하는 레올로지 개념을 도입하였으며, 이는 현장에서 시공성을 높이기 위하여 모든 재료를 분말의 형태로 사용하는 프리팩키지화를 위한 기초 자료로 사용될 것이다. 그리고 자기충전과 숏크리트의 서로 상반되는 레올로지 특성을 구현하기 위하여, 시멘트풀 레올로지 경시 변화 연구를 통해 대략적인 혼화재료의 첨가량을 선정하였고, 자기충전 및 숏크리트의 시공성 검증을 통해 재료의 배합비를 최적화 하였다. 개발된 Slag-ECC의 자기충전성과 숏크리트 적합성은 실험을 통하여 입증되었으며, 자기충전 및 숏크리트의 시공 방법에 의하여 타설된 재료가 굳은 이후에도 Slag-ECC의 역학적 특성인 고인성 특성을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 시멘트풀의 레올로지 특성을 조절하여 개발된 자기충전용 Slag-ECC와 숏크리트용 Slag-ECC는 재료의 고인성 특성을 유지하면서 다양한 현장 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.825-834
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• 2005

Two experiments were conducted with growing crossbred Super-Meat ducks at the experimental duck farm of Cantho University to evaluate the effects of reducing the proportion of soybean meal (SBM) in a broken rice (BR)-SBM mixture and providing soya waste (SW) ad libitum (Expt. 1), and reducing the proportion of fish meal (FM) in a BR-FM mixture and supplying ensiled shrimp waste (ESW) ad libitum (Expt.2). Both experiments included five treatments, with three replicates and ten growing ducks per replicate. In Expt.1, the five diets were based on BR and five levels of SBM, with SW offered ad libitum. The control diet (SBM25) consisted of 75% BR and 25% SBM, and the other four treatments included SBM levels of 20% (SBM20), 14% (SBM14), 8% (SBM8) and 0% (SBM0) mixed with BR to 100%, and with SW ad libitum. In Expt. 2, the control diet consisted of 86% BR and 14% FM, and the other dietary treatments had FM levels of 11% (FM11), 8% (FM8), 4% (FM4) and 0% (FM0) mixed with BR, and with ESW ad libitum. In Expt. 1, total intakes of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and metabolizable energy (ME) were higher for birds given SW (p<0.001). Total CP intake was highest on the SBM20 diet, and lowest on the SBM0 diet (p<0.001). Lower daily gain (DG) was found for the SBM0 diet (p<0.01). Carcass weights were higher on the control treatment, with the lowest values on the SBM0 diet (p<0.001). Gizzard weights were higher on diets with high intakes of SW (p<0.05). In Expt. 2, birds with high intakes of ESW (FM4 and FM0) had lower (p<0.01) daily intakes of DM. The total CP intakes declined (p<0.001) with higher intakes of ESW. The highest DG were for the control and FM11 diets, while the lowest value was for diet FM0 (p<0.001). The poorest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was for the FM0 treatment (p<0.01). Lower weights of carcass and breast muscle were found on the FM0 diet (p<0.001). Feed costs per kg gain were only slightly different between diets. However, the lowest feed cost was for ducks on the SBM0 and FM11 diets in Expt.1 and Expt. 2, respectively.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.72-85
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the germination rates and ground coverage rates of the 16 native wild flower, herbaceous, shrub and woody plants according to temperature and seeding timing for the revegetation and rehabilitation of the roadside slopes. Also, this study was conducted to suggest design criteria to select revegetation plants and to decide proper seed mixture for ecological restoration of the disturbed manmade slopes as a environmentally friendly construction. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Most of the plants germinated after 10~14 days. Woody plants germinated more slowly than wild flowers and herbaceous plants because of the hard seed. 2. Most of the plants showed the highest percentage of the germination rates under $15/25^{\circ}C$ temperature. The next was in order of under the $20/30^{\circ}C$ temperature, normal temperature(October) and $25/35^{\circ}C$ temperature. 3. At the chamber experiment, the Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila showed the highest germination rates. Most of the native wild flowers germinated well and showed high germination rates under the various temperature. 4. As the field germination experiments, the seeding at August shows higher germination rates than that of the seeding at September, but showed lower surviving percentage of the germinated seedlings and lower ground coverage percentage than those of the seeding at September. After one year, Chionanthus retusus, Acer palmatum, Albizzia julibrissin are germinated and showed 10% coverage rates. So, they can be used as revegetation plants for the restoration works. 5. As seed mixture experiment, it was not effective only to increase the proportion of the ratio of the tree seeds, relatively high price, for making woody vegetation. It would be more successful to make vegetation structure by natural competition among wild flowers, shrubs and trees. 6. The excessive dominance of trees in revegetation works may destroy the lower layer of vegetation and it will be undesirable on the species diversity. It is more important to recover the species diversity of the plant community by seed mixture with the considering the germination, the growth characteristics and the correlation effect among revegetation plants. 7. To recover the manmade slopes quickly, increasing the ratio of the wild flower was recommended.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.1853-1859
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of different types of xanthophyll extracted from marigold on the growth performance, skin color, and carcass pigmentation. Methods: A total of 192 healthy 60-day-old yellow-feathered broilers weighing an average of 1,279±81 g were randomly allocated to 4 groups, each with 6 replicates and 8 broilers. The 4 treatments were as follows: i) CON group, fed with basal diet; ii) LTN group, supplemented with lutein; iii) MDP group, supplemented with monohydroxyl pigment including dehydrated lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, and α-cryptoxanthin; iv) LTN+MDP group, supplemented with lutein and monohydroxyl pigment in proportion to 1:1. The supplementary content of LTN, MDP, and LTN+MDP was 2 g/kg. Skin color was measured after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of feeding the dietary treatments. The breast, thigh, and abdominal fat of slaughtered chickens were stored in cold storage at 4℃ for 24 hours and then the meat color of lightness (L^*), redness (a^*), and yellowness (b^*) values was determined. Results: The results showed that all treatments enhanced the yellow scores of subwing skin on day 14, 21, and 28 (p<0.05), and the mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment promoted the yellow scores of shanks on day 14, 21, and 28 (p<0.05). The mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment increased the yellow scores of beaks and all treatments enhanced the yellow of shanks on day 28 (p<0.05). In addition, all treatments improved the yellow (b^*) values of breast and thigh muscle, moreover, the monohydroxyl pigment and the mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment enhanced the values of redness (a^*) and yellow (b^*) of abdominal fat (p<0.05). Conclusion: In summary, different types of xanthophyll extracted from marigold significantly increased the yellow scores of skin color and the yellow (b^*) values of carcass pigmentation. Especially, the mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment was more efficient on skin color.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.601-605
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• 1993

This study was purposed to investigate the efficiency of protein utilization of rapeseed meal (RSM) and formaldehyde-treated RSM (TRSM) by sheep, and their influence on performance of growing heifers. Experiment 1 was conducted according to a double $3{\times}3$ Latin square design involving sex yearling Hu Sheep and three experimental diets. All diets contained 600 g ammoniated rice straw and 200 g concentrate mixture. Three dietary treatments were: (1) 100 g RSM + 40 g soybean meal (URUS), (2) 100 g TRSM + 40 g soybean meal (TRUS) and (3) 100 g TRSM + 40 g treated soybean meal (TRTS). Apparent nitrogen digestibility was significantly higher for diet TRUS than that for URUS or TRTS (p<0.05), but with no significant difference between URUS and TRTS (p>0.05). Proportion of nitrogen retention (NR) to the digestible nitrogen intake for diet TRUS and TRTS was 25.57 (p<0.05) and 23.44% (p<0.05) higher than that for URUS respectively. As a result, proportion of NR to nitrogen intake for diet TRUS and TRTS was 34.74 (p<0.05) and 23.78% (p<0.05) higher than that for URUS respectively. Experiment 2 was conducted with 59 Holstein heifers. They were 12-20 months of age at the start of the trial. The experiment was a $2{\times}2$ factorial trial in which the heifers were given the ammoniated rice straw ad libitum and 1.5 kg hay, and supplemented with either RSM or TRSM at a daily allowance of 1.2 or 1.8 kg per day. The live weight gains for heifers receiving 1.2 and 1.8 kg/d of RSM or TRSM were 0.491 and 0.556 or 0.564 and 0.665 kg/d, respectively. The results suggest that formaldehyde treatment can effectively improve the efficiency of protein utilization of rapessed meal and cattle's performance.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.105-128
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the prospects and issues for the implementation of the annual salary system in Korean hospitals. Data were collected from the top management of 669 hospitals in Korea through the self-administerd questionnaires. Of the 175 respondents, 171 questionnaires were used as final data and analyzed using $X^2$ test. The results of the study are as follows. 1) It is found that 49.7% of the study hospitals are operating the annual salary system. 2) Among the hospitals which are not operating the annual salary system, 49.2% have the plan to implement the system and 44.5% have not decided yet whether they introduce the system or not. 3) The proportion of the hospitals which have the plan to implement the annual salary system within 5 years is 96.8%. 4) The proportion of the hospitals which will begin the system only with full-time physicians and middle level managers is 36.2%, while that of the hopsitals which will apply the system to all employees is 30.5%. 5) Hospital Administrators seems to prefer to 10-20% salary gap for the introduction period among the employees with same salary. 6) Most of the respondents are willing to accept the payment system based on the performance. 7) The major issues which should be dealt with before the implementation of the annual salary system are the establishment of the objectivity of performance evaluation criteria, the improvement of teamwork, and the maintenance of organizational commitment. 8) The desirable criteria for employee evaluation are found to be the mixture of the ability, job position, tenure, and the job difficulty.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1880-1886
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• 2007

This study was conducted to examine the effects of different soy-oil and soy-lecithin levels on growth performance, nutrient utilization and serum parameters in broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty 1-day-old Arbor Acres chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated as follows: basal diet with 2% soy-oil (SO); soy-oil and soy-lecithin mixture in proportion of 75/25 (SOL1), 50/50 (SOL2) and 2% lecithin (SL). At the end of the trial (42 d), birds in SOL1 group grew faster (p<0.05) and had better feed conversion efficiency (p<0.05) than other groups while SL group had the lowest performance (p<0.05). The utilization of ether extract was improved in SOL1 group (p<0.05) but apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and utilization of other nutrients decreased in SOL2 and SL group from 19 to 21 d. No significant effects were observed in apparent metabolizable energy, dry matter, crude protein and ether extract but the utilization of calcium and phosphorus was significantly improved in SL group (p<0.05) during 39 to 42 d. The birds fed with lecithin had lower serum total cholesterol and triglyceride than the control group (SO). Broilers fed with 2% lecithin (SL) had the highest insulin level (p<0.05). The results implied that soy-lecithin and soy-oil in a proportion of 25:75 had the highest growth performance and that soy-lecithin had cholesterol lowering capacity.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2007년도 춘계학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.25-28
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• 2007

In this study we measured the changes according to time respectively on the basis of 0, 30, 60 and 90 minutes, taking into consideration the decline in fluidity of concrete according to elapsed time to analyze manufacturing capability of batcher plant according to elapsed time of ready-mixed concrete manufactured in batcher plant, and offer basic data for mixture design of ultra-high strength concrete. The proportion of water-binder was 23.55, water content was 160kg/m3, proportion of replacement of crushed sand was 0, 20 and 40% at 3 level, and we applied to the same condition of triaxial component using blast furnace slag powder and silica fume as admixture. And to meet the demand of certain fluidity, we measured respectively on property before and after hardening of ultra-high strength concrete using superplasticizer. As a result of experiment, before hardening of ultra-high strength concrete showed the best fluidity in conditions of crushed sand replacement rates of 20% and superplasticizer composition of 1.95%, but it appeared that fluidity drops as time goes by in the same composition condition. And it appeared that when it comes to hardened, the changes of compression strength according to elapsed time by crushed sand replacement rates were within 1MPa. Therefore, it turned out that the difference of strength according to elapsed time was low and compression strength of 280dys in composition mentioned above appeared highly as 88MPa.