• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2014

Two congener species of Grapholita molesta and G. dimorpha have similar host ranges and adult occurrence patterns. In addition, the two species commonly use cis-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8-12:Ac) and trans-8-dodecenyl acetate (E8-12:Ac) as their major sex pheromone components. The commercial lures made of the two components, therefore, suffer a mixed attraction of these two species. This study was conducted to assess any effect of their known minor sex pheromone components to reduce the mixed attraction. When cis-8-tetradecenyl acetate (Z8-14:Ac) was added to the commercial sex pheromone consisting of Z8-12:Ac/E8-12:Ac = 85/15, the attraction to G. dimorpha was not affected, but its attraction to G. molesta was significantly reduced. However, the addition of either dodecanyl acetate (12:Ac) or tetradedecanyl acetate (14:Ac) did not influence on the attraction of both species to the commercial lure. The addition of E8-14:Ac to 3-component sex pheromone, Z8-12:Ac/E8-12:Ac/Z8-14:Ac = 85/15/10, the attraction to G. dimorpha was rather significantly suppressed. From these results, the 3-component sex pheromone, Z8-12:Ac/E8-12:Ac/Z8-14:Ac = 85/15/10 was suggested as an improved composition of sex pheromone lure for G. dimorpha.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sex, environmental factors, and feeding system on the carcass traits of Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle). Data were collected from 7,866 heads slaughtered in Chungnam province during one-year period. Using the collected carcass traits data which greatly influence a Hanwoo's carcass grade, the effects of sex class, slaughter season, and feeding system were estimated. Backfat thickness of steers was significantly higher than that of bulls (p < 0.05). Marbling score was also the highest in steers when compared with cows and bulls (p < 0.05). Live weight and carcass weight were significantly higher in winter than in summer (p < 0.05). However, backfat thickness was significantly lower in summer than in other seasons (p < 0.05). Marbling score was higher in spring and fall than in summer and winter (p < 0.05). In terms of feeding systems, TMR (Total mixed ration) and TMF (Total mixed fermentation feed) fed groups showed the highest carcass grade (p < 0.05). However, the group fed TMR and formula feed at the final fattening period showed the lowest performance (p < 0.05) and it is assumed that some stress was associated to the feed change. The results reconfirm that castration may be recommended in order to improve meat quality and marbling scores in bulls. There was no consistent trend of seasonal effects of slaughter on carcass traits although some traits were significantly affected. Regarding the feeding system, either TMR or TMF can be supplied to achieve high feed efficiency and good carcass characteristics in Hanwoo.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine children's dramatic play and dramatic play themes in the same-age and mixed-age kindergarten classrooms. The subjects were 45 children in three classrooms of 4-year-olds, 69 children in three classrooms of 5-year-olds, and 60 children in three mixed-age classrooms of 4-and 5-year-olds. Observations were conducted by videotape recordings. Observation periods were of five-minutes duration. There were ten observations of children's indoor free-play periods. Four-and five-year-olds in mixed-age classrooms were more likely to engage in group-dramatic play than 4-and 5-year-olds in same-age classrooms. Four-year-olds in mixed-age classrooms were more likely to engage in domestic and family, war/violence, school, animal, and vehicle play themes than 4-year-olds in same-age classrooms. However, 5-year-olds in mixed-age classrooms were more likely to engage in family and school play themes than 5-year-olds in same-age classrooms. 5-year-olds in same-age classrooms were more likely to engage in vehicle and animal play themes than 5-year-olds in mixed-age classrooms. 5-year-olds in same-age classrooms did not differ from 5-year-olds in mixed-age classrooms on the war/violence themes used during dramatic play. In terms of sex differences, boys were more likely to engage in violence, adventure fantage themes than girls. Conversely girls were more likely to engage in family/marriage static play themes than boys.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.15-33
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• 2021

In this study, we analyzed the difference in survival rates of those subject to electronic supervision of sex crimes based on the tracking of the period of recidivism and whether they were recidivism, and wanted to confirm the ability of the criminal record to predict recidivism. The criteria for recidivism were defined as cases where a conviction was confirmed due to a criminal case that occurred during the execution of electronic monitoring, and the date of recidivism was the date of occurrence of a case that was confirmed guilty. A total of 122 re-offenders were used in the analysis, and all of them were charged with electronic supervision for committing sex crimes. Studies have confirmed that the subjects commit the most recidivism within three years. In addition, in this study, the difference in survival rate between groups was analyzed after classifying mixed and sex recidivism cases. The number of members was 88 for the mixed recidivism group and 34 for the sex recidivism group. The analysis confirmed that both groups had the most recidivism within three years. There was a slight difference between the survival rate of the mixed recidivism group and the survival rate of the sex recidivism group. So the Log Rank Test and the Generalized Wilcoxon Test were conducted, but no statistically significant differences were identified(Wilcoxon statistic = 2.326, df = 1, p = .13, Log Rank = 1.345, df = 1, p = .25). Next, a Cox Regression analysis was performed to confirm the ability of the criminal record to predict recidivism. As a result, the number of criminal records(sex offense, violent crime) have been confirmed to be a good predictor of recidivism(X²=27.33, df=1, p< .001). As a result, the recidivism rate is gradually decreasing due to the implementation of the electronic monitoring. However, the duration of recidivism required by sex offenders in high-risk groups was found to be rather short. Currently, security measures against felons are being strengthened, so it is necessary to select high-risk groups. Therefore, based on the related studies, the characteristics of high-risk groups and the results of recidivism studies will be used as a basis for disposal within the criminal justice system, which will play a major role in granting objectivity.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.80-83
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• 1999

Recently, it has been possible to the alphoid gene, which has X and Y specificity, and determine the sex from human physical evidence using PCR methods. Samples from single sources, PCR method applied to the alphoid gene results in highly sensitive and accurate results even when only 60 pg of the genomic DNA was available for sex determination. Even for samples containing DNA from more than one gender source where the female DNA was present in the amount 10 times than that of the male, sex determination was possible. Therefore, this result suggests that alphoid gene, which has X and Y specificity, could be used effectively for sex determination in case of mixed DNA samples from biological evidence.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.109-126
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate Chinese parents' reaction to their children's negative emotions and how these reactions relate to their children's understanding of emotions. Forty-two Chinese children (aged 4) and their parents participated in this study. Coping with Children's Negative Emotion Scale was given to parents to assess their reaction to their children's negative emotions. Children's emotional understanding was assessed using the modified emotional false-belief task and mixed emotion task. The results showed that Chinese parents gave supportive reactions more than non-supportive reactions to their children, and no difference in sex was found. The percentages of correct answers to false-belief task and mixed emotion task were low with no gender difference in both tasks. When age and sex of children were controlled, only fathers' supportive reactions to children's negative emotions significantly explained the variances in the level of children's understanding of emotions in both tasks. That is, children whose fathers showed greater supportive reactions to their negative emotions performed better at both tasks. It was concluded that fathers' supportive reactions to their children's negative emotions are very influential for emotional understanding among 4-year-old children in China.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.785-792
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• 1994

In this study, the authors analyzed the prognostic value of four clinical variables[age and sex of patients, association with myasthenia gravis and clinical stage] and histological type in 30 consecutive patients with thymoma, histologically classified as cortical[10],medullary[5] and mixed[15]type according to Marino and Muller-Hermelink classification. There were significant differences between the histological types in the frequency of the different tumor stages and myasthenia gravis and prognosis.Most of the cortical thymomas were at stage III and all of the medullary and most of the mixed tumors at stage I or II.Myasthenia gravis occurred more commonly in patients with cortical[30%] and mixed thymoma[60%] than in patients with medullary thymoma[10%]. Follow-up was conducted in 30 patients,with follow-up range from 3 months to 120 months[mean,47.3months]. 5 year actuarial survival was 100% for medullary thymoma, 73% for mixed thymoma, and 47% for cortical thymoma.The overall survival curve shows that 87.6% of the patients are alive at 2 years and 72.8% at 5 years. And 7 patients was dead during follow-up periods.By Kaplan-Meier technique, we found that the patients who had myasthenia gravis had better prognosis[P<0.05]. Medullary thymoma is a comparatively rare, benign tumor, and usually not associated with myasthenia gravis. Cortical thymoma must be regarded as malignant. Mixed thymoma is intermediate in its behavior between medullary and cortical thymoma. But these tumors should be considered potentially malignant despite of presence as stage I of II disease. Also, the patients with stageI,II had good prognosis and the patients with total resection had good prognosis[P<0.05].

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2011

Even though ark shell, Scapharca broughtonii is commercially important species, its artificial seed production is not yet fully developed. This study was carried out to understand the effect of three microalgal species on gonadal development and sex maturation of S. broughtonii in terms of broodstock management and food organism. Isochrysis galbana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Tetraselmis tetrathele were supplied to S. broughtonii broodstock in single or mixed. And condition index, gonadal development, sexual maturation and survival of the broodstock were analysed. After 45 rearing days, frequency of ripe stage of gonadal phases, rate of induced sexual maturation and survival of S. broughtonii broodstock fed mixed diet with 3 microalgal species or single diet of T. tetrathele were the highest.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.193-196
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• 2010

Multiplex PCR-based short tandem repeat (STR) analysis is considered as a good tool for monitoring bone marrow engraftment after sex-mismatched allogeneic transplantation and provides a sensitive and accurate assessment of the contribution of both donor and/or recipient cells in post-transplantation specimens. Forensic STR analysis and quantitative real time PCR are used to determine the proportion of donor versus recipient each contained within the total DNA. The STR markers were co-amplified in a single reaction by using commercial $PowerPlex^{(R)}$ 16 system and $AmpFISTR^{(R)}$ $Identifiler^{(R)}$ / $Yfiler^{(R)}$ PCR amplification kits. Separation of the PCR products and fluorescence detection were performed by ABI $PRIS^{(R)}$ 3100 Genetic Analyzer with capillary electrophoresis. The $GeneMapper^{TM}$ ID software were used for size calling and analysis of STR profiles. Extracted DNA was quantified by the $Quantifiler^{TM}$ Human DNA / Y Human Male DNA Quantification Kit The intent of this study was to analyze the ratio of donor versus recipient cells in the post-transplant peripheral blood, spleen, lung and kidney specimens. Specimens were taken from the traffic accident male victim who had been engrafted from bone marrow female donor. Blood and spleen specimens displayed female donor DNA profile. Kidney specimen showed male recipient DNA profile. Interestingly, lung tissue showed mixed profiles. The findings of this study indicate that the forensic STR analysis using fluorescence labeling PCR combined with capillary electrophoresis is quick and reliable enough to assess the ratio of donor versus recipient cells and to monitor the mixed chimeric patterns.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1983

The author studied on the dental arch widths and lengths and height of palates at 3 groups of dentition: mixed dentition, early permanent dentition, young adult, having normal occlusion and dentition. The models of the 336 maxillary and mandibular case, made from alginate-base hydrocolloid impressions were measured and analyzed statistically. The result as follows; 1. The upper intercanine width increased between the mixed dentition group and early permanent dentition group but there was no change in the young adult group in both sexes. The lower intercanine width increased between the mixed dentition group and early permanent dention group in the male. 2. The upper and lower 1st bimolar width increased slightly with age in the male but there was no change in the female. 3, The sex difference found in this study was one of absolute size, the female being slightly smaller than the male in the early permanent dentition group and young adult. 4. The arch length had no notable sexual differences and decreased between the mixed dentition group and early permanent dentition group. There was no change in the arch length in the young adult. 5. The height of palate increased gradually with age.