• 대한수학회보
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.1251-1258
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• 2020

This paper establishes a formula changing the ring from a Noetherian local ring A of dimension d > 0 containing the residue field k to the polynomial ring in d variables k[X₁, X₂, …, X_d] for mixed multiplicities. And as consequences, we get a formula for the multiplicity of Rees rings and formulas for mixed multiplicities and the multiplicity of Rees rings of quotient rings of A by highest dimensional associated prime ideals of A.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.605-622
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• 2018

The original mixed multiplicity theory considered the class of mixed multiplicities concerning the terms of highest total degree in the Hilbert polynomial. This paper defines a broader class of mixed multiplicities that concern the maximal terms in this polynomial, and gives many results, which are not only general but also more natural than many results in the original mixed multiplicity theory.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.2004-2010
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• 2022

Quantification of sensitive material is of vital importance when it comes to the movement of nuclear fuel throughout its life cycle. Within the electrorefiner vessel of electrochemical separation facilities, the task of quantifying plutonium by neutron analysis is especially challenging due to it being in a constant mixture with curium. It is for this reason that current neutron multiplicity methods would prove ineffective as a safeguards measure. An alternative means of plutonium verification is investigated that utilizes the (𝛼,n) signature that comes as a result of the eutectic salt within the electrorefiner. This is done by utilizing the multiplicity variable a and breaking it down into its constituent components: spontaneous fission neutrons and (𝛼,n) yield. From there, the (𝛼,n) signature is related to the plutonium content of the fuel.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2001

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonogram as a preoperative diagnostic tool in thyroid nodular diseases, this study was carried out. Materials and Methods: From January 1998 to December 1999, 51 patients who underwent thyroidectomy were analyzed retrospectively. We compared the finally histopathological results to ultrasonographical findings such as internal consistency, multiplicity of nodules, nodular ehogenicity, nodular capsule or margin, calcification of nodules. Results: There were 47 females and 4 males with 25 benign tumor, 23 malignant tumor and 3 occult carcinoma in histopathological diagnosis. The solid tumors in ultrasonography carried a probability of malignancy as 66.7%(16/24 cases) whereas cystic or mixed tumors as 16.7%(1/6cases) or 23.8%(5/21cases) (p=0.006). The single nodular diseases carried a high probability of malignancy as 50%(13/26cases) whereas multiple diseases as 28.6%(6/21cases). The hypoechogenicity of thyroid nodular disease showed a probability of malignancy as 60%(9/15cases) whereas mixed-echogenicity as 36.4%(4/11cases). The nodules with poorly-defined margin in ultrasonographic findings showed higher probability of malignancy as 63.6% (7/11cases) than the nodules with well -defined margin as 26.5%(9/34 cases) (p=0.025). The nodules with calcification in ultrasonographic findings were represented to high probability of malignancy as 70.6%(12/17cases) compared to those without calcification as 29.4%(10/34cases) (p=0.005). The differency between ultrasonic and histopathological diagnosis was high in solid nodules(33%), 3-4cm sized nodules (28.6%) and mixed echogenecity(27.3%) whereas low in complex nodules with cystic and solid nature(4.8%), 2-3 cm sized nodules(8.3%) and pooly defined margin(9.1%). The accuracies of sonography in differentiating malignacy from benign thyroid nodules were 7.1% of false positivity, 39.1% of false negativity, 60.9% of sensitivity, 92.9% of specificity and 78.4% of accuracy. Conclusion: Sonographic examination was relatively excellent test as a preoperative diagnostic tool in thyroid nodular diseases when detailed checklists were applied such as internal consistency, multiplicity of nodules, nodular ehogenicity, nodular capsule or margin and calcification of nodules.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1989년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; Seoul, Korea; 27-28 Oct. 1989
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• pp.813-818
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• 1989

A two compartmented autoclave reactor for the polymerization of low density polyethylene is analyzed with respect to the effects of heat transfer and operation variables. Each compartment being considered as a completely mixed cell, two CSTRs model is proposed. The system shows various multiplicity features of steady state and periodic oscillatory motions. Heat removal efficiency and initiator supplement appear to have significant effect on the conversion of monomer with the temperature properly maintained, which should be taken into account in the reactor design.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2017

With the intensification of urban development in Chinese cities, mixed land use in urban centers extends vertically into 3-D and expands its scale from a single building to commercial clusters. The multi-level pedestrian system in city centers also changed its role from one of traffic isolation to spatial integration, where transit nodes, street sidewalks, squares, building entrances, atriums, and corridors are interconnected, both horizontally and vertically, into a whole spatial system, within which pedestrian flows are guided and shopping facilities are arranged. This paper uses spatial configuration analysis of space syntax to examine the impacts of spatial patterns on movement distribution and the business performance of tenant mix in the multi-level commercial system of the Nanshan Commercial Cultural District in Shenzhen, China. The key objective is to better understand the interactions between the socio-economic variables and spatial design parameters of a shopping complex. The research findings point to the importance of multiplicity between syntactic variables and other spatial variables in influencing the pedestrian flows, business performance and tenant mix in highly complex commercial systems. Particularly noteworthy is the relationship between spatial accessibility measures and the location of escalators, and the ways in which individual commercial buildings are embedded into the overall spatial system. The study suggests that this may lead to the preliminary identification of the spatial qualities of effective vertical extensions of mixed land use in a high-density urban settings.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.396-404
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• 2012

The aim of the study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of calcium against intestinal cancer in vitro and in vivo. We first investigated the effects of calcium treatment in HCT116 and HT29 human colon cancer cells. At the concentration range of 0.8-2.4 mM, calcium significantly inhibited cell growth (by 9-29%), attachment (by 12-26%), invasion (by 15-31%), and migration (by 19-61%). An immunofluorescence microscope analysis showed that the treatment with calcium (1.6 mM) for 24 h increased plasma membrane ${\beta}$-catenin but decreased nuclear ${\beta}$-catenin levels in HT29 cells. We then investigated the effect of dietary calcium on intestinal tumorigenesis in $Apc^{Min/+}$ mice. Mice received dietary treatment starting at 6 weeks of age for the consecutive 8 weeks. The basal control diet contained high-fat (20% mixed lipids by weight) and low-calcium (1.4 mg/g diet) to mimic the average Western diet, while the treatment diet contained an enriched level of calcium (5.2 mg calcium/g diet). The dietary calcium treatment decreased the total number of small intestinal tumors (by 31.4%; P < 0.05). The largest decrease was in tumors which were ${\geq}$ 2 mm in diameter, showing a 75.6% inhibition in the small intestinal tumor multiplicity (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis showed significantly reduced nuclear staining of ${\beta}$-catenin (expressed as nuclear positivity), but increased plasma membrane staining of ${\beta}$-catenin, in the adenomas from the calcium-treated groups in comparison to those from the control group (P < 0.001). These results demonstrate intestinal cancer inhibitory effects of calcium both in human colon cancer cells and $Apc^{Min/+}$ mice. The decreased ${\beta}$-catenin nuclear localization caused by the calcium treatment may contribute to the inhibitory action.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.351-355
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• 1998

혈관육종은 전체 악성종양의 빈도에서 약 1$\%$를 차지하는 매우 드문 종양이다. 이 중 반 수 정도는 두경부에 발생하며 특히 장년 층의 남자에서 두피에 호발하는 경향을 보인다. 권고되는 치료방법으로는 수술적 제거와 방사선치료가 있으나 넓은 범위의 종양이 전 두피에 퍼져있을 때는 수술적 방법이 적용되기 힘들다. 여기 방사선 치료만으로 완전 관해를 보인 두피 혈관육종의 경우를 보고하며 엑스선과 전자선을 이용하여 간단하면서도 재현성 있는 방사선치료방법을 소개한다. 볼루스는 표면선량을 증가시키고 뇌조직의 정상세포에 대한 방사선량을 최소화시키기 위하여 사용할 수 있지만 두경부와 같이 굴곡이 심한 환자의 표면에 밀착시키기는 어렵다 Thermoplastic과 파라핀을 이용하여 제작한 헬멧을 혈관육종의 방사선 치료에 사용한 결과 전체 두피에 대한 열형광선량계에 의해 측정한 방사선량은 7$\%$ 이내의 고른 선량분포를 얻을 수 있었다.