• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.785-790
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• 2000

The effect of formaldehyde treatment of solvent and mechanical extracted cottonseed meal on the performance, digestibility and nitrogen balance was assessed in lambs. Four total mixed rations viz., A, B, C and D containing 40% untreated and treated solvent and mechanical extracted meal were prepared. Sixteen male lambs with average BW of 20-22 kg were randomly allocated to experimental rations and were fed individually during ninety days growth trial. The treatment of solvent extracted cottonseed meal resulted in a linear decrease in ruminal protein degradation. Maximum decrease (64%) in protein degradation was observed at 4 h incubation time with 0.3% formaldehyde treatment. Highest daily BW gain was observed in lambs fed on rations Band D compared to lambs fed on rations A and C. Daily BW gain was higher on rations having 0.3% for fromaldehyde treated cottonseed meals. Higher DM digestibility was observed on ration D compared to other rations. Higher (p<0.05) CP and CF digestibility was observed on rations Band D compared to rations A and C. Nitrogen retention as % age of nitrogen intake was (p<0.05) higher for lambs fed rations B and D compared to rations A and C. Similar pattern was observed for nitrogen retention as percent of nitrogen absorbed. The present study suggested that oil extraction methods of cottonseed did not alter their meal utilization in lambs, however, formaldehyde (0.3%) treatment of meals enhanced its efficiency for growth, digestibility and nitrogen balance in lambs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2004

Eighteen water buffalo calves of Nili-Ravi breed (about 15 months age and of $147{\pm}12$ kg average body weight and mixed sex) were used with six animals on each treatment. All the animals were fed long wheat straw for ad libitum intake as the basal ration. Animals in group-I were supplemented with ad libitum amount of urea molasses block having cotton seed meal (CSMB) while the animals in group-II were supplemented with ad libitum urea molasses block containing sunflower seed meal (SFMB) and group III animals were supplemented with a fixed amount of commercial concentrate feed (CCF). The experiment lasted for a period of 80 days (April to June). Results revealed a significantly decreased total feed intake (wheat straw+supplements) in group-III ($1,666{\pm}52$ g/h/d) as compared to group I ($2,299{\pm}194$ g/h/d) and group-II ($2,193{\pm}230$ g/h/d). Average daily supplement intakes were $891{\pm}87$; $666{\pm}104$ and $593{\pm}0$ grams per head in group I, II and III, respectively. Supplement intakes among groups were different (p<0.05). Average daily body weight gains (g/h) were $214{\pm}25$, $174{\pm}23 $and $183{\pm}24$ for group I, II and III, respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was found to be $10.74{\pm}1.12$, $12.60{\pm}0.88$ and $9.90{\pm}1.33$ grams for group No. I, II and III, respectively. The economic net benefit of live weight gain of calves were 7.63, 6.11 and 7.33 rupees/h/d for group No. I, II and III, respectively. Thus SFM can replace CSM and urea molasses blocks can replace commercial concentrates as supplement to basal ration of wheat straw.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.564-568
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase on the additivity of true metabolizable energy (TME) and nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy ($TME_n$) for broiler diets. Methods: A total of 144 21-day-old broilers were randomly allotted to 12 dietary treatments with 6 replicates. Five treatments consisted of 5 ingredients of corn, wheat, soybean meal, corn distillers dried grains with solubles, or corn gluten meal. One mixed diet containing 200 g/kg of those 5 ingredients also was prepared. Additional 6 treatments were prepared by mixing 0.5 g/kg dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase with those 5 ingredients and the mixed diet. Based on a precision-fed chicken assay, TME and $TME_n$ values for 5 ingredients and the mixed diet as affected by dietary ${\beta}$-mannanase were determined. Results: Results indicated that when ${\beta}$-mannanase was not added to the diet, measured TME and $TME_n$ values for the diet did not differ from the predicted values for the diet, which validated the additivity. However, for the diet containing ${\beta}$-mannanase, measured $TME_n$ value was greater (p<0.05) than predicted $TME_n$ value, indicating that the additivity was not validated. Conclusion: In conclusion, the additivity of energy values for the mixed diet may not be guaranteed if the diet contains ${\beta}$-mannanase.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1725-1732
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium benefits on the physiological responses, litter performance, blood profiles and milk composition of lactating sows and tissue concentration of their progeny when mixed form of selenium was provided in a lactation diet. Methods: A total of 45 multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with similar body weight, backfat thickness, and parity were assigned to one of three treatments with 15 sows per treatment in a completely randomized design. Organic and inorganic selenium were mixed and added to the diet at 0.15 ppm and 0.25 ppm, respectively. A non-Se-fortified corn-soybean meal basal diet served as a negative control. Treatments were as follows: i) Control: corn-soybean meal based diet, ii) ISOS15: control+ inorganic Se 0.15 ppm+organic Se 0.15 ppm, iii) ISOS25: control+inorganic Se 0.25 ppm+organic Se 0.25 ppm. Results: Serum selenium concentrations of sows and piglets were increased by the supplemental Se mixture at 7 days of lactation compared with the control (p<0.01, respectively). The kidney and muscle selenium concentrations of piglets were increased by the supplemental Se mixture at 21 days of lactation compared with the control (p = 0.03; p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: Consequently, supplementation with mixed inorganic and organic selenium in a lactating diet could improve the selenium status of sows and piglets; no differences were observed among the mixing levels.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2007

This study was conducted to estimate the humificating grade according to experiment of physico-chemical characterization and phyto-toxicity during composting of using with pig manure and castor meal. The material ratios of the compost which was mixed with pig manure(P), castor meal(C), and saw dust(S) were 5 : 1 : 4(PCS-I), 5 : 2.5 : 2.5(PCS-II) and 5 : 4 : 1(PCS-III) by volume to volume, and they were decomposed for 60 days. In the result, the changes of temperature in all treatments during composting were rapidly increased more than $68^{\circ}C$ at the incipient stage, and gradually decreased within $39^{\circ}C$ at 60 days the after treatment. pH was slowly increased from 7.5 to 7.7, and the C/N ratio was 13~14 at the final composting stage. The low C/N ratio value in this compost was caused by the castor meal contented high nitrogen level(T-N 5.7 %). G.I.(germination index) was showed 73 to 78 range in all treatments at the $60^{th}$ day. Among all treatments PCS-I was appeared to be the best condition for composting.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.329-333
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• 2000

Data of 15 multiparous Holstein cows kept at Ibaraki Prefectural Animal Experiment Station were collected from 10 weeks prepartum to 20 weeks postpartum. Cows were assigned randomly to a soybean meal (S8M) diet or a fish meal (FM) diet from 4 weeks before expected calving date to 20 weeks postpartum. Each diet was formulated to contain similar amounts of CP, ADF, and NDF. In the FM diet, 2.5 and 5% of fish meal were supplemented as total mixed rations in prepartum and postpartum periods, respectively. Compared to the SBM diet, undegraded intake protein (UIP) and Met were higher in the FM diet, but Lys was low. Body weight and dry matter intake were not affected by supplemental FM, and dry matter intake increased by 6 weeks postpartum and maintained constant after 7 weeks postpartum. Cows in the FM diet remained high milk production during the experimental period, but milk yield in the SBM diet decreased gradually after 6 weeks postpartum. Supplemental FM increased milk yield and protein yield from 10 to 20 weeks postpartum when FM intake was 1.19 kg/d, although milk protein was not improved. There were no significance differences in fat content and fat yield between FM and SBM diets. Supplemental FM had no effect on plasma glucose and urea-N at parturition and 7 weeks postpartum. Thus, the increased milk and protein yield may be due to the combination of carryover effect of supplemental UIP or Met in FM from 4 weeks prepartum to 10 weeks postpartum and direct effect of supplemental FM.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.167-177
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• 1990

매쇄 정어리 육에 정어리 자가 소화액 및 정어리 코오지를 첨가하여 발효 숙성시키므로서 질소 함량이 높고 풍미가 양호한 숙성 정어리 제조조건을 검토하였다. 정어리 자가 소화액의 제조조건은 마쇄한 정어리육에 $80\%$ 가수한 후 $55^{\circ}C$에서 180 r.p.m.으로 교반하면서 6시간 자가소화 시키는 것이 적합하였다. 속성 정어리 액젓 제조를 위한 식염 농도 및 발효 온도는 각각 $15\%$ 및 $40^{\circ}C$가 적당하였으며 마쇄정어리 육에 자가 소화액 및 정어리 기질 코오지를 각각 $10\%$ 첨가하고 식염, 밀가루, 정어리 자가 소화액을 각각 $15\%$, $10\%$ 및 $150\%$ 비율이 되도록 혼합한 후 $40^{\circ}C$에서 15일간 발효시키므로서 향미가 양호하고 질소함량이 높은 속성 정어리 액젓을 제조할 수 있었다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.491-500
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the preference for traditional food of university students through the analysis of their daily meal types. Questionnaires were collected from a total of 197 students from December 2007 to February 2008 in Chungnam Province. The results are as follows; 148 of the respondents (73.0%) prefer Korean traditional meal as their favorite food. The significant differences are found in both gender groups and major groups (p<.05). 178 of the respondents (90.4%) answered that the traditional foods are excellent and good. However, the foods were significantly (p<.05) evaluated that major students consider them to be 'excellent' foods, while non-major students consider them to be 'good' foods. 136 of respondents (69.0%) answered that the traditional foods have beneficial influences on their health. In the survey on intake frequency of traditional meals, 137 of respondents (65.9%) have traditional foods more than twice a day. The ratio of traditional meal intake of male students is a significantly higher level (p<.05) than that of female students. Their preference for traditional rice cake, fermented rice punch, and juice mixed with fruits is a very high level of the average of 4.19, 4.22 and 4.34, respectively. The preference for Kimchi, Bulgoki, boiled beef slices, sundae and jelly was a relatively high level of the average of 4.43, 4.65, 4.14, 4.30, and 4.05, respectively. Concludingly, the research shows the majority of students enjoy korean traditional food and expect Korean food as favorite food to be developed and to be inherited.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.321-321
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• 2022

Wheat was brought to solve food scarcity with aid from the United States caused by the Korean War. The Korean government launched a campaign to encourage mixed rice and wheat meals due to shortage of rice production in the 1960s, Wheat consumption began in earnest. However, it is difficult to rebuild the domestic wheat production base devastated by the Korean War with the technology at the time. Thus, wheat was mainly consumed from imported in the past. Since then, as wheat consumption has increased due to westernization and diversification of dietary life, wheat became the second staple grain in Korea. In this situation, the government enacted the Wheat Industry Promotion Act to create a basis for sustainable production and consumption of wheat in Korea. This study sought to improve the self-sufficiency of domestic wheat by examining the possibility of using "Ariheuk", a variety of new Korean wheat, as a rice supplement in the same context as the govemment's policy. Wheat has been used as a raw material for the processed food, such as noodles and bread. However, we approached it by using whole wheat as a nutritional grain. Participants were recruited from the agri-food consumer panel conducted by Rural Development Administration. We set a final sample of 525 consumer panels based on the age of census household heads. The experiment was conducted in such a way that participants cooked and ate 100% rice meal and rice containing 20% whole wheat meal. Participants completed the sensory evaluation questionnaire with online. For this experiment, all participants were given same whole wheat product. The sensory evaluation questionnaire consisted of color, glossiness, stickiness, aroma, chewing, sweetness, nuttiness, chewiness, softness, bursting, flavor, texture and swallowability. The sensory evaluation results were analyzed by giving -3 points to +3 points. The former points were given to the response that 100% rice meal is very superior to the response that rice containing 20% whole wheat meal. The latter points were given vice versa. Zero point was given to the response that they are similar each other. As a result, rice with 20% whole wheat meal was better than 100% rice meal in terms of color, aroma, chewiness, bursting and flavor. In case of sweetness and glossiness, there didn't exist significantly different. On the other hands, 100% rice meal was better in terms of softness and swallowability. As a result of ANOVA by age groups, from 30s or younger to 60s or more, there was significant difference among the groups in terms of color, chewiness and bursting. As a result of post-hoc analysis with Duncan's multiple range test (p < 0.05), 50s were evaluated to be significantly superior in color, chewiness and bursting compared to other age groups. In conclusion, it is appropriate to use whole wheat as a supplement to rice in order to improve the self-sufficiency of domestic wheat. As a strategy to promote domestic wheat consumption, in case of Ariheuk, it is necessary to provide an experience through whole wheat tasting and to establish a marketing strategy segmented by age groups.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.168-172
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• 2022

느타리 재배에서 면실박을 대체하여 채종박을 첨가한 결과는 다음과 같다. 처리 간 화학성은 pH는 4.5~4.7, 총탄소함량은 46.3~46.5%, 총질소함량은 1.6~1.7%, 탄소질소비율은 27.0~27.8로 대조와 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 처리 간 균사생장은 채종박을 5% 첨가한 혼합배지에서 '흑타리'는 85.1 mm, '수한1호'는 72.8 mm로 가장 빨랐고, 균사밀도는 처리 간 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 자실체 특징은 '흑타리'의 경우 채종박이 5% 첨가된 혼합배지에서 갓 색은 L값 32.5로 대조에 비해 어두웠으며, 갓 두께 3.2 mm, 갓 직경 27.6 mm, 대 길이 86.0 mm, 대 직경 9.1 mm, 병 당 유효경수 25.9개, 병 당 수량 189.7 g으로 대조에 비해 높게 나타났다. 채종박이 10% 첨가된 혼합배지에서는 병 당 수량이 184.5 g으로 대조와 대등하게 나타났다. '수한1호'의 경우 채종박이 5% 첨가된 처리에서 갓 색은 L값 28.8로 대조에 비해 어두웠고, 갓 두께 4.5 mm, 대 직경 12.3 mm으로 대조에 비해 높게 나타났으며, 병 당 수량 145.5 g으로 대조와 대등하였다. '흑타리'와 '수한1호' 모두 채종박만 첨가된 처리에서는 병 당 수량이 대조에 비해 낮은 경향을 보였다. 따라서 느타리 재배를 위한 채종박의 첨가량은 5%가 적당하며, 5% 초과시 병 당 수량이 낮아지 경향에 대해서는 추후 면밀한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.