• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 1991

We present the cytologic features of small ceil neuroendocrine carcinoma of the liver metastasized from the uterine cervix. Cytologically, tumor cells were arranged in a pattern of solid sheet in necrotic background. The tumor cells were characterized by uniform, small cells, round hyperchromatic nuclei, and high nuclear cytoplasmic ratio. The smears showed frequent mitotic figures and rosette formation. These findings were identified with the previous histologic sections of uterine cervix. To make a diagnosis of metastatic small ceil neuroendocrine carcinoma on the Papanicolaou smear, a high index of suspicion and careful review of clinical history are needed.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

The incidence of gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NET) has been increased with the improvement of endoscopy accessibility. The World Health Organization classified NET of low (G1), intermediate (G2), high (G3) grade and neuroendocrine carcinoma with poor differentiation by mitotic count and Ki-67 labeling index. Gastric NET are divided into three subtypes based on the pathophysiology, and treatment is determined according to the subtype and prognostic factors of tumor. For diagnosis, endoscopy with biopsy, endoscopic ultrasonography, abdominal pelvis computed tomography, and serum gastrin level measure are required. In general, type 3, size > 2 cm, deep submucosal infiltration, high histological grade, lymphovascular invasion and metastasis are poor prognostic factors. Type 1 or 2 without these factors are treated by endoscopic resection, and other tumors needs surgery. Endoscopic resection of early type 3 or type 1 and 2 tumors with poor prognostic factors still remains a challenge.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.151-158
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• 1998

통상 유방 초음파 검사에서 후방 에코 감소는 악성종괴를 나타내는 기준으로 여겨져왔다. 그러나 저자들의 입상경험에서 후방 에코 감소를 보이지 않던 종괴가 술후 조직검사에서 악성 종양으로 판명되는 경우가 적지 않았다. 하여 저자들은 유방의 조직학적 구성 요소중 어떤 것이 후방 에코 감소에 영향을 미치는가에 대해 침윤성 관상피암(유방암중의 한 종류에 국한되지만 유방암의 대부분을 차지한다.)으로 판정된 26례를 대상으로 후향적으로 분석해보았다. 후방 에코 양상을 다양한 조직학적 소견, 예를 들면, 결체조직의 양, 탄력섬유증 (elastosis)의 정도, 조직괴사의 정도, 육안적 경계, 종괴내 염증반응, 조직학적 분화도, 유분열지수 (mitotic index)등과 비교 분석하였다. 아홉예 (35%)가 후방 에코 감소를 보였고, 17례 (65%)가 후방 에코 증가를 보였다. 후방 에코 감소를 보인 종괴들은 많은 결체조직과 고탄력섬유증, 그리고 불분명한 경계를 보였다(p<0.05). 하지만 나머지 조직학적 요소들은 후방 에코 감소에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 저자들의 연구에 의하면 유방 초음파 검사에서 종괴내 결체조직의 양과 탄력섬유증의 정도에 의해 후방 에코 증감을 보여 단순히 후방 에코 감소 그 자체가 악성을 시사하는 소견으로 받아들이기 어려울 것으로 생각한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.244-251
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• 1986

항암제 mitomycin C가 정상인 배양 임파구의 SCE에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 세포분열지수, 자매염색분체빈도, 세포분열주기 변동 및 염색체군별 SCE 빈도를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1) 세포당 SCE빈도는 항암제 mitomycin C의 최저농도인 $6.25{\pm}{\times}10^{-9}$ M에서는 $13.1{\pm}2.8$이었고, 최고 농도인 $1.00{\times}10^{-7}$에서는 $75.8{\pm}8.2$로써 농도 증가에 따라 대수증가를 보였다. 그리고 세포분열지수는 완만한 감소경향을 나타냈다. 2) 세포분열주기 변동은 항암제 mitomycin C의 농도 $2.50{\times}10^{-8}M$에서 대조군에 비해 유의한 세포분열지연 현상을 보였으며 (p<0.05), $5{\times}10^{-8}M$ 이상에서는 세포분열지연이 매우 유의하게 나타났다(p<0.01). 3) 염색체군별 단위염색체당 SCE빈도는 항암제의 농도 증가에 따라 절대 빈도는 증가되었다 할지라도 A군에서 G군으로 갈수록 감소되어 특정염색체군과 SCE와의 관계는 보이지 않았다.

• 한국간담췌외과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.380-387
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• 2023

Backgrounds/Aims: In 2019, the grading and staging system for neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) was significantly changed. In this study, we report the clinicopathological characteristics and surgical outcomes of patients with extrahepatic biliary NENs who underwent curative resection with or without adjuvant treatment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a database of 16 patients who developed NENs, neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), and mixed endocrine non-endocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) after curative resection. Among them, eight patients had ampulla of Vater (AoV) tumors, and eight patients had non-AoV tumors. Results: G1 and G2 were more frequently observed in the AoV group than in the non-AoV group (12.5% and 62.5%, respectively). In contrast, NEC and MiNEN were more common in the non-AoV group (50.0%). High Ki-67 index (> 20%) and perineural invasion (PNI) were more frequently observed in the non-AoV group. Advanced age (> 65 years), mitotic count > 20 per 2 mm², and Ki-67 index > 20% were strongly correlated with patient survival (p = 0.018, 0.009, and 0.044, respectively). Advanced age (> 65 years) and mitotic count > 20 per 2 mm² were significantly correlated with disease recurrence (p = 0.033 and 0.010, respectively). Conclusions: AoV and non-AoV tumors had significant differences in the histologic grade, Ki67, and PNI. Patients with non-AoV tumors had an increased risk for survival and recurrence than those in the AoV group. For extrahepatic biliary NENs, early detection of tumors, adequate surgery, and aggressive adjuvant treatment for high-risk patients are important to achieve long-term survival and prevent disease recurrence.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2006

목적: 본 연구에서 수술로 절제된 위의 위장관 간질 종양 (GISTs)환자들의 임상적 특징과 치료방법 및 예후에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 밝혀보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1992년부터 2002년까지 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 외과학 교실에서 GISTs로 진단 받고 수술을 시행한 환자의 파라핀 포매조직을 이용하여 CD117 (c-kit) 면역조직화학염색상 확진된 76명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 이들의 나이, 성별, 위치, 크기, 세포분열지수을 파악하고 Ki67, p53 면역화학 염색을 시행하였으며 c-kit 유전자의 변이 여부를 확인한 후 이들 인자의 예후인자로서의 가치를 평가하였다. 결과: 대상 환자 76명의 평균 나이는 55.9세였으며 남자가 34명이었고 여자는 42명 이었다. 평균 추적검사 기간은 42개월이었다. 환자들은 복통(27명, 36%)과 출혈(20명, 26%)을 주소로 내원한 경우가 가장 많았으며 위의 상부 1/3에 종양이 위치한 경우가 47명(62%)으로 가장 많았고 수술방법은 종양의 위치보다는 크기와 유의한 관계를 보였다(P<0.05). GISTs 분류상 고위험군에 해당하는 환자군이 중등도 위험군과 저위험도군에 비하여 의미있게 무병기간이 짧았고(P=0.05) 종양의 크기가 5 cm 이상 큰 경우(P=0.017), 유사분열의 수가 5/50 HPF 이상 많은 경우(P=0.042) 그리고 Ki67 과발현된 경우(P=0.046), c-kit 유전자의 변이를 보이는 경우(P=0.037)가 예후가 좋지 않았다. 결론: 종양의 크기가 5 cm 이상 큰 경우, 유사분열의 수가 5/50 HPF 이상 많은 경우 그리고 Ki67이 과발현된 경우와 c-kit 유전자의 변이를 보이는 경우가 환자의 예후에 좋지 않은 영향을 미치는 인자였다. 이런 예후 인자를 보이는 환자들에 있어서 수술 후 추적검사 과정에 있어서 보다 세심한 관찰이 필요하겠다. 예후와는 관련이 없었다.27^{kip1}$도 다른 인자에서는 통계적인 유의성이 없었다. 의 상관관계는 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}(+)$과 $p27^{kip1}$의 상관관계는 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}(+)/p27^{kip1}(+)$ 보이는 경우(53.3%)와, $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}(-)/p27^{kip1}(-)$ 보이는 경우(76.5%)가 많았다(P<0.05). $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$과 $p27^{kip1}$ 복합 검사에서는 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}(+)/p27^{kip1}(+)$인 경우에 T1-2 (87.5%)가 많았고 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}(-)/p27^{kip1}(-)$인 경우에는 T3-4(58.1%)가 많았다(P<0.05). 또한 Lauren 분류에서는 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}(+)/p27^{kip1}$인 경우가 장형 (100%)에서만 나타났으며(P<0.05), $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}(-)/p27^{kip1}(-)$인 경우는 미만형인 경우(87.0%)가 장형(54.9%)의 경우보다 많은 비율을 차지하였다(P<0.05). 5년 장기 생존율에 있어서는 각각의 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$과$p27^{kip1}$의 발현 유무에 따른 통계적인 유의성은 없었고 복합 검사에서도 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}(+)/p27^{kip1}(+)$의 경우에 생존율이 높았지만 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 결론: 저자들의 경우에는 $p21^{Waf1/Cip1}$과$p27^{kip1}$은 서로 비슷한 발현 형태를

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.277-284
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• 1993

A possible involvement of maturation promoting factor (nfPF) in the two-cell block phenomenon was studied by fusion experiments. Germinal vesicle (GlF) ooeyte was fused with a blastomore from late or blocked 2-cell mouse embryos. and germinal vesicle breakdoum (GVBD) of fused GV oocvtes in the presence of dbcAMP (100$\mu$g/ml) was scored as an index of MPF aniviD. GnD was induced approximately 30% by fusion of a blastomere derived from late 2-cell embryos, but not from blocked 2-cell embryos. The rate of GVBD was changed when GV oocyte was fused with a blastomere from late 2-cell embryos which were treated with u-amanitin, puromvcin or colcemid before and after hsion: Treatment of late 2-cell embryos with puromycin (50 Is/mll but not with u-amanitin (100 Is/ml) clearly inhibited GVBD, indicating that do novo protein synthesis maw be required for the appearance of MPF activity in late 2-cell embryos. Treatment of late 2-cell embryos w기h colcemid (0.1 Is/mll doubled GVBD, presumably due to the maintenance of metaphase or mitotic phase. SDS-PAGE and twoiimensional electrophoresis revealed that there was no difference in protein synthetic pattern in late and blocked 2-cell embryos, but three phosphoproteins with 27, 35 and 46 M)a, presumsblv M-phase components were phosphorylated in late 2-cell embryos but not in blocked 2-cell embryos. It seems then that MPF activity is closely related to phosphorylstion of M-phase components in late 2-cell embryos.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.149-152
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• 2015

An abnormally enlarged right ovary and a mass in fat surrounding the right kidney were discovered in a dairy cow during routine postmortem examination at slaughter. The ovary was dark reddish and multinodular in shape. Numerous cystic structures were identified in the mass. Histopathologically, the ovary was completely replaced with large, uniform, polyhedral neoplastic cells containing vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The mitotic index was high. In the lymphatic vessels, tumor emboli were observed. Another mass in the fat surranding the right kidney had the same histological features as the ovarian mass. This animal was diagnosed with malignant dysgerminoma and metastasis to other peritoneal organs.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.63-66
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• 2009

Cutaneous leiomyomas (leiomyosarcomas) are smooth muscle tumors that occur single or as multiple lesions. They usually arise from the arrector pili muscles (piloleiomyomas) and less commonly from the muscle of veins (angioleiomyomas). This report describes histologic and immunohistochemical features of one cutaneous piloleiomyoma and two angioleiomyosarcomas. Three 7-12-year-old female dogs were presented with single or double cutaneous nodules. Histologically, the neoplastic masses were composed of densely or loosely arranged interlacing bundles. The neoplastic cells were ovoid to elongate, and had eosinophilic cytoplasms and perinuclear cytoplasmic vacuolation. Nuclei were central to eccentric, cigar shaped, oval to elongate. In two cases, high mitotic index in high power field, multifocal necrosis and local invasion were also noted. Masson's trichrome and van Gieson staining revealed muscle origin tumors in these cases. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly positive for smooth muscle actin. In our best knowledge, this is the first report of cutaneous smooth muscle tumors in dogs in Korea.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.26-32
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• 1997

To evaluate the cytogenetic toxicity, of cadmium and the reducing effect of selenium or zinc on cadmium toxicity, the induction of SCEs in cultured human lymphocytes by the concentraion of 0.5 $\mu$M to 16.0 $\mu$M of cadmium chloride and those of cadmium chloride combined with sodium selenite or zinc chloride 1.2 $\mu$M, respectively was investigated. The induction of SCEs by cadmium chloride in the range of 0.5 $\mu$M to 16.0 $\mu$M increased in a dose-dependent manner. A notable increase in SCEs by sodium selenite as well as zinc chloride was also observed. However, the frequency of SCEs by cadmium chloride was inhibited by the simultaneous addition of sodium selenite and zinc chloride 1.2 $\mu$M, respectively. The mitotic index significantly decreased in higher concentration of cadmium chloride but not was significantly different in any concentration of cadmium chloride with the simultaneous addition of sodium selenite or zinc chloride. The results showed that the decreased additive SCE effect was observed when induced by the combined treatment which could suggest that sodium selenite and zinc chloride have a protective effect on cadmium chloride.