• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2006

The effects of intravenous administration of high concentration of taurocholic acid (TCA) on monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B activities in rat liver mitochondria and microsomes were studied. These liver subcellular organelles and serum MAO activities were determined from the experimental rats with choledocho-caval shunt (CCS). The Michaelis-Menten constants in these hepatic enzymes were also measured. The activities of mitochondrial MAO A and B, and microsomal MAO B as well as their $V_{max}$ values were found to be decreased significantly in CCS plus TCA injected group then in the control group, such as CCS alone groups. However their $K_m$ values in the experimental groups did not vary. MAO of serum appeared in the CCS plus TCA injected groups only. The above results suggest that TCA represses biosynthesis of the MAO in the liver. The MAO of serum is believed to be caused by the increment of membrane permeability of hepatocytes upon TCA mediated liver cell necrosis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.653-658
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• 2017

Hypoderma spp. larvae cause subcutaneous myiasis in several animal species. The objective of the present investigation was to identify and characterize morphologically and molecularly the larvae of Hypoderma spp. collected from cattle (Bos taurus taurus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the district of Castelo Branco, Portugal. For this purpose, a total of 8 larvae were collected from cattle (n=2) and red deer (n=6). After morphological identification of Hypoderma spp. larvae, molecular characterization was based on PCR-RFLP and mitochondrial CO1 gene sequence analysis. All larvae were morphologically characterized as the third instar larvae (L3) of H. actaeon. Two restriction enzymes were used for molecular identification of the larvae. TaqI restriction enzyme was not able to cut H. actaeon. However, MboII restriction enzyme differentiated Hypoderma species showing 210 and 450 bp bands in H. actaeon. Furthermore, according to the alignment of the mt-CO1 gene sequences of Hypoderma species and to PCR-RFLP findings, all the identified Hypoderma larvae were confirmed as H. actaeon. This is the first report of identification of Hypoderma spp. (Diptera; Oestridae) from cattle and red deer in Portugal, based on morphological and molecular analyses.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2013

Bryonia alba L. belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and grows in Europe, Asia, America, Africa, Russia, Ukraina and Armenia. The root of Bryonia alba has been used for neuropsychical diseases, psychosis, hysteria, paralysis, epilepsy, vertigo, headache, migrain, melancholia, forgetfulness, sadness, absent mindedness, delirium, cardiovascular disease, ischemia, gastrointestinal diseases, gastric ulcer and respiratory diseases. The root of Bryonia alba contains an oxidized tetra cyclic triterpens, cucurbitaceous, polyunsaturated hydrocarbons, phospholipids, phosphatidylcholines, ethereal oils, fatty acids, a great amount of amino acids, alcohol soluble enzymes, sugar, carotene, vitamin C and E. Bryonia alba increases coronary blood-flow and the amplitude of cardiac contractions. Bryonia alba has an antistressor action and increases the working capacity. Bryonia alba activates connective tissue cells. Bryonia alba markedly increases the oxygen consumption by young and senescent rat brain, liver as well as heart mitochondrial fraction as Korean Ginseng. Bryonia alba decreases lipid peroxidation after immobilization stress. In conclusion, Bryonia alba like Ginseng used in traditional medicine came from ancient time has a good perspective administration as prophylactic and medical remedy, as remedy of lot of diseases in modern medicine.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.867-872
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• 2004

Oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative damage to cells. Cells have a number of defense mechanisms to protect themselves from the toxicity of ROS. Mitochondria are especially important in the oxidative stress as ROS have been found to be constantly generated as an endogen threat. Mitochondrial defense depends mainly on super-oxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), whereas microsomal defense depends on catalase (CAT), which is an enzyme abundant in microsomes. SOD removes superoxide anions by converting them to $H_2O$$_2$, which can be rapidly converted to water by CAT and GPx. Also, GPx converts hydroperoxide (ROOH) into oxidized-glutathione (GSSG). Ovariectomized (OVX) rats are used as an oxidative stress model. An ovariectomy increased the levels of MDA, one of the end-products in the lipid peroxidative process, and decreased levels of the antioxidative enzymes； SOD, CAT and GPx. However, Chondroitin sulfate (CS) decreased the levels of MDA, but increased the levels of SOD, CAT and GPx in a dose-depen-dent manner. Moreover, inflammation and cirrhosis of liver tissue in CS- treated rats were sig-nificantly decreased. These results suggest that CS might be a potential candidate as an anti oxidative reagent.

• BMB Reports
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.361-366
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• 2009

It was reported that high doses of sodium selenite can induce apoptosis of cancer cells, but the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide within the mitochondrial matrix and is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes. In this study, we showed that 20 ${\mu}M$ sodium selenite could alter subcellular distribution of MnSOD, namely a decrease in mitochondria and an increase in cytosol. The alteration of subcellular distribution of MnSOD is dependent on the production of superoxide induced by sodium selenite.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권12호
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• pp.1295-1309
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• 2005

Nowadays, the nutritional deficits are rarely seen in Korea. However, an increased availability of the highly palatable energy dense, nutrient-poor foods increases the risks of obesity and deficits of vitamins and minerals in the general population. Also, optimum intake of vitamins and minerals, which varies with age and genetic back ground, might not suffice the poor, young, obese, and elderly people. Young girls and individuals participating in weight reductions and aesthetic components are prone to micronutrient deficiencies because they restrict food intake and specific micronutrient rich foods. An inadequate intake of vitamins or minerals is associated with reduced physical performance and exercise capacity, increased obesity, decreased cognitive function, increased DNA damages such as single- and double-stranded breaks or oxidative DNA lesions, and accelerated aging process and increased neuronal damages with mitochondrial oxidative decay. Most of these deleterious effects of the deficit could be prevented by a one tablet of multivitamins with a good balanced diet. High dose B vitamins are frequently administered to overcome the metabolic inadequacy to the people with the less functional enzymes with increased Km values for their coenzymes due to the single gene mutation or due to the single nucleotide polymorphisms. And some certain antioxidant vitamins are also used in large quantities to overcome the oxidative stress and to repair the damages. In this review, new nutritional concepts of some vitamins and minerals, which are widely used and useful for the children, will be discussed.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.375-379
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• 2006

Food labeling regulations require that the meat species in various meat products are accurately declared to the consumer. Substitution or adulteration of costly meat with a cheaper one is one of the most common problems in the meat industry. In this study, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) method of the mitochondrial cytochrome b(mt cyt b) gene has been applied for identification of the origin of six mammalian meat species(beef, port horse, goat, mutton and deer) and three poultry meat species(chicken, turkey and duck) as raw materials for meat products. PCR was used to amplify a variable region of mt cyt b gene. Meat species differentiation was determined by digestion of the amplified products with a 359 bp fragment using HaeIII and HinfI restriction enzymes, which generated species-specific RFLP patterns. This PCR-RFLP DNA marker of mt cyt b gene could be very useful for the accurate and reliable identification and discrimination of animal meat species in routine analysis.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2000

Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis for 29 populations (n=543) of the wrinkled frog, Rana rugosa, from Korea and Japan was peformed to assess the degree of genic variation and genetic diversity, and to understand the biogeographic pattern of distribution and speciation. A sum of 22 presumptive loci was screened from 17 enzymes and general proteins. Four loci, Aco, Est-3, Me-2, and Pgm, demonstrated high levels of polymorphism. The degree of average genetic variation of R. rugosa was P=22.7% (9.1-40.9%), Ho=0.086 (0.048-0.165) and He=0.090 (0.042-0.168). In the south-eastern region of the Korean peninsula (Chongsong, Yongchon, Ulsan, Kyongju, Pohang, yongdok and Ulchin), a few unique alleles in the Mpi locus were detected and their biogeographic implications were considered. The degree of genetic differentiation among the Korean populations was moderate (S=0.900), whereas the degree of genetic diversity between Korean and Japanese populations was notably high (S=0.687, D=0.293). This result corresponds with the data obtained by the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence (Lee et al., 1999) suggesting that the Korean and Japanese R. rugosa might have evolved a specific level of genetic differentiation since their geographic isolation.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.612-616
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• 2006

The protective effect of water extract of ash tree leaves (ALE) against oxidative damages was investigated in paracetamol-induced BALB/c mice. Biochemical analysis of anti-oxidative enzymes, immunoblot analyses of hepatic cytochrome P450 2El (CYP2E1), and the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-${\alpha}$) were examined to determine the extract's protective effect and its possible mechanisms. BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: normal, paracetamol-administered, and ALE-pretreated groups. A single dose of paracetamol led to a marked increase in lipid peroxidation as measured by malondialdehyde (MDA). This was associated with a significant reduction in the hepatic antioxidant system, e.g., glutathione (GSH). Paracetamol administration also significantly elevated the expression of CYP2E1, according to immunoblot analysis, and of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in liver. However, ALE pretreatment prior to the administration of paracetamol significantly decreased hepatic MDA levels. ALE restored hepatic glutathione and catalase levels and suppressed the expression of CYP2E1 and TNF-${\alpha}$ observed in inflammatory tissues. Moreover, ALE restored mitochondrial ATP content depleted by the drug administration. These results show that the extract of ash tree leaves protects against paracetamol-induced oxidative damages by blocking oxidative stress and CYP2E1-mediated paracetamol bioactivation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.1238-1243
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• 2008

잔대 뿌리는 우리나라에서 예로부터 민간약으로 이용되어 오고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인간 간세포인 HepG2에 잔대 뿌리의 에틸아세테이트 추출물을 처리했을 때 sodium nitroprusside(SNP)에 의해 유도된 세포 독성 및 항산화 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향력을 알아보았다. 먼저, 잔대 에틸아세테이트 추출물이 NO에 의해 유도된 세포 사멸을 저해할 수 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 HepG2 세포에 잔대 에틸아세테이트 추출물(각각 50과 100 $\mu$g/mL)을 24시간 먼저 처리한 후 세포내에서 NO을 생성시킬 수 있는 0.5 mM SNP를 처리하였다. NO에 의한 세포독성이 에틸아세테이트 추출물에 의해 저해되었다는 것을 mitochondrial dehydrogenase 활성을 알아보는 MTT assay를 실시하여 알아보았다. 더하여 우리는 잔대 에틸아세테이트 추출물이 세포내 항산화 방어 시스템인 Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase(SOD 1), Mn SOD(SOD 2), glutathione peroxidase(GPx), catalase와 glutathione metabolism과 관련되어져 있는 glutathione reductase(GR), $\gamma$-glutamyl-cystein synthetase(GCS), glutathione-S-transferase(GST), $\gamma$-glutamyltranspeptidase($\gamma$-GT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD)의 mRNA 발현에 미치는 영향을 RT-PCR로 알아보았다. CAT, GCS 그리고 G6PD mRNA 수준이 잔대 에틸아세테이트 추출물 처리 후 증가하였으나, SOD 1, SOD 2, GPx, GST 그리고 $\gamma$-GT mRNA 수준은 변화지 않았다. 따라서 잔대 에틸아세테이트 추출물이 간접적 항산화 효과가 있고, 이들 효과는 아마 CAT, GCS, GR 그리고 G6PD 유전자 발현 증가에 의한 것이라고 추정되었다.