• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 1992

발아시킨 물오리나무(Alnus hirsuta)의 하배축 부위를 절단하여 얻은 떡잎이 포함된 상부를 6% glucose, MS(Murashige and Skoog, 1962) 비타민 혼합체, PVP(polyvinylpyrrolidone) 및 $0-50\;\mu\textrm{M}$이 BAP(6-benzylaminopurine)를 첨가한 NT(Nagata and Takebe, 1971) 무기염배지에서 배양한 결과, $5\;\mu\textrm{M}$이 BAP가 shoot 증식에 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이 배지에서 shoot 증식을 계속하여 실험에 사용할 200여개의 shoot를 확립하였다. Shoot 증식에 미치는 무기염류와 탄소원의 영향을 조사한 결과 탄소원에 무관하게 NT 무기염이 MS 무기염에 비해 3-12배의 증식을 나타냈으나 NT 무기염배지에서 탄소원은 특별한 차이를 보여주지 않았다. 발근에 미치는 NT 무기염, sucrose, IBA의 농도에 따른 영향을 조사한 결과 1/4-1/2 농도의 NT 무기염, 3%의 sucrose, $1-8\;\mu\textrm{M}$의 IBA에서 100% 가까운 발근율을 보였으며 뿌리발달도 양호하였다. 발근된 개체를 토양에 이식하고 습도를 점진적으로 낮추면서 적응시키면 거의 100%의 생존율을 나타내었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제27권
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• pp.56-67
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• 1984

As in many other country, the use of organic matter in Korea has long history. Farmers understand the value of organic matter as the source of plant nutrient and soil improving agent in general. Since 50 years ago, the sources of organic matter in paddy soils were compost, rice and barly straw, green manure, animal waste, fish and beancake, etc.. Application of green manures such as vetch and chinese milk vetch showed no significant effect on the yield of brown rice in paddy soil. On the other hand, the effects of compost and rice straw showed more significant on the yield of brown rice in paddy soil. Application of rice straw in rice cultivation is commonly made at different times between harvest, early spring and several weeks before transplanting. Considering the suitable paddy soil for application of rice straw under well to moderately well drained soil, the yield was pronounced more than poorly drained soil. Based on laboratory and field experimants, application of rice straw promoted the decrease of oxidation-reduction potential in well to moderately well drained soil. This results to be enhanced the release of some mineral nutrients,. such as potassium, calcium, silicon, and increase of availability of soil phosphorus. In the field experiments, results obtained from nitrogen fraction on the immobilization-mineralization of the tracer nitrogen applied in paddy soil,the amount and index of organic nitrogen incoporated in soil was more pronounced in rice straw application than control. Rice straw and its transformation products incoporated in the soil, provided the inflow of energy necessary to maintain heterotrophic microbes activities. Rice straw and its transformation products, especially soluble carbohydrate, enhanced the population of free-living heterotrophic $N_2$ - fixing microbes. Moreover, rice straw and its transformation products in paddy soil, enhanced the activities of soil enzymes such as dehydrogenase and urease.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2010

For an efficient remediation of Pb-contaminated soil (S-1) in a clay shooting range, a soil washing test was performed with mineral acid, organic acid, chelating agent, and chloride. The Pb extraction efficiency of extractant (0.1 M) used in the washing test showed the order of HCl > $Na_2$-EDTA > NTA > DTPA > citric acid > malic acid > succinic acid > acetic acid > $CaCl_2$ > $MgCl_2$, for S-1 soil. As compared to initial Pb concentration, extraction efficiency by the concentration of extractant was 93.35%, 80.80%, 73.92%, and 24.57% in S-1 soil for HCl (0.5 M, pH 1.10), $Na_2$-EDTA (0.01 M, pH 3.99), citric acid (0.5 M, pH 1.27), and $MgCl_2$ (0.1 M, pH 8.82), respectively. S-1 soil had 56.83% of residue form and 43.17% of non-residue form (18.04% of exchangeable form), respectively. Although the concentrations of these fractions sharply decreased after HCl washing, since the exchangeable forms with relatively large mobility are still distributed as high as 18.78% (to Pb total content in residual soils) in S-1 soil, it is necessary to devise a proper management plan for residual soils after soil washing application.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.217-227
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• 2010

This paper was studied $CO_2$ respiration rate with physicochemical properties of soils at wetland, paddy field and forest in Nongju-ri, Haeryong-myeon, Suncheon city, Jeollanam-do. Soil temperature and $CO_2$ respiration rate were measured at the field, and soil pH, moisture and soil organic carbon were analyzed in laboratory. Field monitoring was conducted at 6 points (W3, W7, W13, W17, W23, W27) for wetland, 3 points (P1, P2, P3) for paddy field and 3 points (F1, F2, F3) for forest in 10 January 2009. $CO_2$ concentrations in chamber were measured 352~382 ppm for wetland, 364~382 ppm for paddy field and 379~390 ppm for forest, and the average values were 370 ppm, 370 ppm and 385 ppm, respectively. $CO_2$ respiration rates of soils were measured $-73{\sim}44\;mg/m^2/hr$ for wetland, $-74{\sim}24\;mg/m^2/hr$ for paddy field and $-55{\sim}106\;mg/m^2/hr$ for forest, and the average values were $-8\;mg/m^2/hr$, $-25\;mg/m^2/hr$ and $38\;mg/m^2/hr$. $CO_2$ was uptake from air to soil in wetland and paddy field, but it was emission from soil to air in forest. $CO_2$ respiration rate function in uptake condition increased exponential and linear as soil temperature and soil organic carbon. But, it in emission condition decreased linear as soil temperature and soil organic carbon. $CO_2$ respiration rate function in wetland decreased linear as soil moisture, but its in paddy and forest increased linear as soil moisture. $CO_2$ respiration rate function in all sites increased linear as soil pH, and increasing rate at forest was highest.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.33-51
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• 2013

Spatial and temporal characteristics of nitrate contamination and hydrogeochemical parameters were investigated for springs and surficial and bedrock groundwaters in northeastern part of Hongseong. Two field investigations were conducted at dry and wet seasons in 2011 for 120 sites including measurement of field parameters with chemical analyses of major dissolved constituents. Nitrate concentrations were at background levels in springs while 45% of bedrock groundwater and 49% of surficial groundwater exceeded the drinking water standard of nitrate (10 mg/L as $NO_3$-N). The difference in nitrate concentrations between surficial and bedrock groundwater was statistically insignificant. Cumulative frequency distribution of nitrate concentrations revealed two inflection points of 2 and 16 mg/L as $NO_3$-N. Correlation analysis of hydrogeochemical parameters showed that nitrate had higher correlations with Sr, Mg, Cl, Na, and Ca, in surficial groundwater in both dry and wet season. In contrast, nitrate had much weaker correlations with other hydrogeochemical parameters in bedrock groundwater compared to surficial groundwater and had significant correlations only in wet season. Temporally, nitrate and chloride concentrations decreased and dissolved oxygen (DO) increased from dry season to wet season, which indicates that increased recharge during the wet season affected groundwater quality. Aerobic conditions were predominant for both surficial and bedrock groundwater indicating low natural attenuation potential of nitrate in the aquifers of the study area.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2020

Sensitivity analysis of hydrodynamic and reaction parameters in conceptual model reflecting aquifer characteristics of Korea was performed to evaluate the uncertainty in the predicted concentrations. Among the hydrodynamic input parameters, both hydraulic conductivity (K_x) and hydraulic gradient (I) affected transport behaviors of contaminants, and resulted in same convergence concentrations with continuous injections of contaminant. However, longitudinal dispervisity (α_L) affected both transport behaviors and the convergence concentrations of contaminants. Compared to the hydrodynamic parameters, growth kinetic and degradation parameters (μ_m & K_c) more significantly affected both transport behaviors and the convergence concentrations of contaminants, indicating those parameters had higher sensitivity indices causing the uncertainties of model predictions. Considering that the sensitivity indices of both hydrodynamic and reaction parameters were a function of transport distance of groundwater, the parameters with higher sensitivity indices, a priori, need to be investigated using conceptual model reflecting site-specific aquifer characteristics before field investigation. After determining the parameters with higher sensitivity indices, the detail field investigations for the selected hydrodynamic and reaction parameters were warranted to reduce the uncertainties of model predictions.

• 지질공학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.199-212
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• 2011

강원도 삼척시에 위치한 도계 석탄폐석 적치장 주변지반에서 지반변형이 발생되었다. 대상지역에서의 지반변형 원인을 조사하기 위하여 시추조사 및 현장조사를 통한 지반조사와 기존 발간된 지형도를 이용한 지형분석을 실시하였다. 시추조사결과 상부에 토층이 9-28.5 m로 존재하고 있으며, 대상지역에 발생된 주요 균열을 조사한 결과 $240{\sim}250^{\circ}$ 방향으로 지반이 변형되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 기존 발간된 지형도를 이용하여 비교분석한 결과 대상지역에서는 지속적으로 석탄폐석이 적치되었음을 확인 할 수 있다. 지반조사 및 지형분석결과를 토대로 대상지역의 지형변화 원인을 분석한 결과 대상지역에 존재하는 두꺼운 토층이 내적요인이며, 석탄폐석의 지속적인 적치로 인한 하중증가 및 하단부에서의 사면절취가 외적요인으로 나타났다.

• 지질공학
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.501-511
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• 2017

이 연구에서는 전라남도 지역의 지하수 170개 소를 대상으로 자연방사성물질인 우라늄, 라돈을 분석하였으며, 지질별로 구분하여 이들의 함량특성을 지구화학적, 통계적으로 고찰하였다. 또한 우라늄과 라돈의 함량을 지질도에 표기하여 이들의 함량분포도를 작성하였다. 우라늄과 라돈의 함량범위는 넓지만 일부 시료를 제외하면 낮은 값을 보인다. 요인분석 결과에 의하면 전남지역의 지하수에서 우라늄과 라돈간의 상관계수는 낮아서, 이 두 성분은 서로 다른 거동특성을 가지는 것으로 판단된다. 서로 거의 무관한 거동특성을 보여주는 이러한 결과는 국내 대부분의 지하수중 우라늄, 라돈 연구결과와도 일치한다. 이들을 제외하면 주요 수질항목들 간에는 높은 상관계수가 나타나는데, 이들은 일반적인 물-암석반응의 결과임을 지시한다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2000

This experiment was carried out during the period from September, 1997 to October, 1998 to determine the effect of fermented saw-dust pig manure (FSP) application on the herbage production on a mixed pasture in the Cheju brown volcanic ash soil. Split plot design (main plot: 3 nitrogen application levels of 0, 150 and 300 kgiha; sub plot: 4 pig sawdust manure levels of 0, 3, 6 and 12 tonha) was used. Plant height and dry matter yield increased significantly with an increase of nitrogen and FSP level. There was no difference in the botanical composition of grasses as affected by FSP application level, but herbage yields of grass species were increased by nitrogen application compared to that without nitrogen application. Botanical composition of white clover decreased with an increase of nitrogen application, but increased with an increase of FSP application level. Percentages of weeds were not affected by application rates of chemical nitrogen fertilizer and swine manure in the mixed species pasture. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of species in the pasture significantly increased with increasing application rates of nitrogen fertilizer. In conclusion, it would be an optimum to apply 150 kgha of inorganic chemical fertilizer and plus either 3 or 6 toniha of fermented swine manure with sawdust for optimum production of mixed pasture on Cheju Island. (Key words : Herbage production, Botanical composition, Morphology, Plant mineral contents)

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.78-91
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• 2007

금번 연구에서 울산지역의 토지이용도에 따른 지하수 수질 및 오염특성을 파악하고, 지하수의 오염 정도를 평가하고 도면으로 시각화하는 방법인 오염지수를 산출하였다. 연구지역내 216개 시료에 대한 지하수의 화학조성은 매우 다양하게 나타나며, 전기전도도의 경우, $100{\sim}31,360\;{\mu}S/cm$로 매우 큰 변화를 보이고 있다. pH값은 $4.6{\sim}8.57$의 범위로 산성 내지 약알카리를 보이며 평균값은 7.0이다. 연구지역 지하수의 화학조성은 토지용도에 따라 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 해석되었다. 수질유형은 $Ca-HCO_3$, $Ca-Na-HCO_3$, 유형이 우세하며, 주거/상업지역과 공업지역 지하수의 경우는 농업지역과 녹지지역 지하수에 비해 Cl이 풍부한 (Na, Ca)-Cl 유형으로 변하고 있다. 연구지역 오염지수의 범위는 $1.1{\sim}117.6$으로 평균은 9.56으로 산출되었다.