• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.255-259
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• 1998

Sixteen Friesian Cows were allocated equally into 4 groups in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to evaluate the effects of utilizing bean by-products on the feed intake and milk production. Cows were fed on 4.5% of their body weight fresh alfalfa; the remainder of their requirements were covered by one of 4 experimental concentrate treatments: 1) commercial concentrate (CC), 2) 70% CC + 30% bean hulls (BH), 3) 70% CC + 30% Polished bean (PB) and 4) 70% CC+ 15% BH + 15% PB. Results showed that the inclusion of bean hulls at 30% improved (p<0.05) milk yield, 4% fat corrected milk yield, feed conversion ratio and fat percent of the milk over the other treatments. Feeding cows on a commercial concentrate plus 30% BH or 30% PB or 15% from each of BH and PB decreased the cost of feed per kg milk by 13.6, 2.5 and 1.3 %, respectively, lower than those fed on the commercial concentrate.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 2016

Recently, underdeveloped countries have exhibited slight increases in their share of global dairy production. However, this growth is mostly the result of an increase in the number of producing animals, rather than a rise in productivity per milking cow. Fortunately, with the increase in milk production, the world dairy trade reported that the abundance of milk has resulted in increased production of other dairy products, such as dairy powder and butter. In general, there has been an increasing trend in the demand and supply of milk and all dairy products in the international dairy market since 2005. As the economy recovers, both the demand and consumption of milk will increase. However, no change is expected in the long-term prospects for the dairy market, particularly for 2016.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.540-547
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• 2006

This review highlights areas of interest in the cholesterol removal of milk and dairy products. The demand for cholesterol removal has increased due to consumer demand for cholesterol-reduced products. At present the best method for producing without changing flavor, taste and texture of the products is entrapping cholesterol by ${\beta}-cyclodextrin({\beta}-CD)$. Especially, crosslinking of ${\beta}-CD$ is important due to recycling that could be separated the ${\beta}-CD$ from treated cream or milk. The recycling can be up to 10 times with keeping the rate of cholesterol removal. Various functional milk and dairy products can be produced in this manner. This report reviews general information including methods of cholesterol removal, crosslinking of ${\beta}-CD$, and recycling of the ${\beta}-CD$ in milk and dairy products.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.313-326
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the relationship between milk and milk product consumption and dietary nutrient intake among Korean adolescents. Questionnaire survey and 3-day diet survey using the food record method were completed by a total of 664 subjects. Subjects were divided into three groups, Q1 (low group), Q2 (middle group), and Q3 (high group), according to dairy equivalent of calcium. Dairy equivalent of calcium was determined by the amount of calcium eaten from milk and milk products by individual subjects. As a result, the ratio of school milk service was higher in Q3 (P<0.001). The most frequent answer about the reason for consuming milk and milk products was 'to be taller' followed by 'good taste' and 'health promotion'. Preference for all types of milk such as white-, enriched-, and flavored-milk was higher in Q3 followed by Q2>Q1 (P<0.05). Ratio of mean daily dietary nutrient intakes of dietary fiber, vitamin C, folate, and calcium to RNI was lower than 2/3 for all of the groups. These mean daily dietary nutrient intakes were significantly higher in Q3 (P<0.05), and in particular, mean daily dietary calcium intake, which was the lowest nutrient consumed by Korean adolescents, was also the highest in Q3 followed by Q2>Q1 (P<0.05). The above results suggest that the school milk program is very helpful in encouraging adolescents to consume milk and milk products and consequently ensure their optimal nutrition. Therefore, we should try to encourage adolescents to participate in the school milk program more actively through nutritional education and government policy.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

In general, milk is a nutritious food and is very helpful in improving and maintaining a person's health. However, over the past 30 years, a number of studies have reported the presence of Aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products worldwide. The contamination with Aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products has become an important issue all over the world. The presence of the mycotoxin in these products was a major concern particularly among children and infants, who are more sensitive than adults. This study reviewed recent data to summarize the current status of Aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products produced in various regions around the world, related regulations, reduction strategies, detection methods, and future research tasks. Strict regulation and superior milk-handling techniques are essential to minimize Aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk and dairy products using ever-evolving analytical techniques. Furthermore, education should be imparted to ensure that Aflatoxin M1 that may exist in milk and dairy products and its effects on human health are made aware of.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.291-307
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• 2015

This study was aimed to investigate management conditions and dietitians' perception for improvement of school milk programs. Using an online sampling method, collected data from 1,723 dietitians nationwide were analyzed. The results show that 44.4% of respondents carried out the cyclic school milk program, providing various types of dairy products either weekly or monthly. Further, 80.3% of respondents answered that preference survey results were a determining factor in their choice of school milk provider, and 55.9% said that a school steering committee made the decision on relevant facts of the school milk program. For diversification of school milk type, 60.5% of respondents wanted to maintain the current system, and 39.5% answered that milk type needed to be diversified. The respondents preferred fermented milk products, functional milk, and processed milk, in order, if school milk type is diversified. To improve perception and knowledge about milk, 66.0% of respondents thought that nutrition education by a nutrition teacher would be the most effective, and parent's letters or a nutrition newsletter would be helpful. More than half of respondents (55.0%) disagreed with a merged program for school foodservice and milk.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.259-274
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• 2017

This study estimates the random utility function of fluid milk using 1,165 survey responses in Laos. It finds that both products' attributes and individual characteristics affect consumers' preference for the milk and the hypothetical brand of Laos-Korea has a potential compared to four real dairy products. Results also show that calories have a positive relationship with consumer's preference while the price and fat content have a negative one. The decision for choosing each brand is significantly affected by individual characteristics such as gender, age, whether or not respondents live with their children, the level of education, income, the frequency of purchasing milk per week, and the region where they live. The preference for five brands appears in the order of Foremost, Nabong, Thai-Danish, Meiji, and Lao-Korea, and probabilities of purchasing each brand at the mean level are 30.9%, 17.48%, 21.48%, 15.0% and 10.39%, respectively. Nabong that was Lao national milk brand still has a significant market power even though it was closed in 2008. The policies to promote milk industry by implementing its national milk brand again would be more effective if it focuses on the young generation, female consumers, families with children, quality of dairy products, and Vientiane capital areas.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2001

The quality changes of UHT market milk product were investigated by the season and storage conditions. Throughout the year, standard plate counts(SPC) wasnt increased significantly during storage at 5$\pm$1 and 7$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. And except for summer, SPC was lower than 20,000 cfu/ml after storage at 10$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ or 10 days. But SPC was rapidly increased from 3 days at 15$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, and there was gas forming by yeast growth after storage at 30$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$. Values of pH and titratable acidity of market milk products were 6.49 to 6.71 and 0.155 to 0.16%, respectively. pH and titratable acidity were a lot changes at the temperature over 15$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, and milk products showed a curd at 30$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$. Carbohydrate of market milk product had little difference throughout the year, whereas fat, protein and total solids of market milk products in autumn showed a little higher value than that of other seasons. There were no changes of milk composition during storage periods, but carbohydrate was decreased a little after storage over 20$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.363-373
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• 2018

Although milk, which is a representative western food, has a more than 100-year history in Korea, the preference is controversial. This study examined the milk history of Choseon in 1884~1938. This period was divided into 4 periods regarding the westerner's records and advertisements. Westerners who visited Choseon in 1884~1895 ($1^{st}$ period) recorded the eating habits of Choseon,i.e., no milk consumed, even in insufficient food situation. Among the westerners, medical missionaries began to show or/and recommend condensed milk for sick children. In 1896~1909 ($2^{nd}$ period) newspapers, general shops in Hanseong for westerners showed advertisements of dairy products. In the 1900s, condensed and raw milk were advertised through newspapers. Domestic ranching systems to produce raw milk were established at that time mainly by Japanese. In the 1910s ($3^{rd}$ period), raw milk and condensed milk were advertised in newspapers. Since the mid-1920s ($4^{th}$ period), dairy products were bisected into condensed and powdered (dried) milk. Moreover, many Japanese manufacturers appeared in the advertisement in the 1920s. These results suggest that milk has been recognized as a symbol of an enlightenment food in Korea since the late 1900s, but the old negative wisdom, unfamiliar taste, and high price of milk at that time limited its appeal.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2008

Since goat milk infant formula has been increased, it is expected that goat milk consumption would be increased. This review summarizes the characteristics of goat milk especially, milk fat, somatic cell count, and goaty flavor. Average milk fat content for one year of twelve goat milk farms was 3.6%, but $2.9{\sim}3.1%$ in summer, which means summer goat milk could not meet the 'Processing and Ingredient Standard for Animal Products'. More than 3.2% for goat milk fat content in 'Processing and Ingredient Standard for Animal Products' should be amended. In addition to, hygienic standard for goat milk should be newly established because goat milk has naturally higher somatic cell count with noninfectious factors. It is thought that 6-trans nonenal and some branched fatty acids are responsible for the goaty flavor. It is necessary to minimize goaty flavor from farm to table because goaty flavor is the most important factor for the promotion of goat milk industry.