• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.889-893
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• 2003

Immunomodulatory and therapeutic potential of Enrofloxacin was studied in bovine sub clinical mastitis (SCM). The therapeutic efficacy was adjudged by Somatic cell count and Total bacterial count of the milk, whereas, the immuno modulatory potential of the drug was assessed by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) and acid phosphates (ACP) enzyme level in the milk leukocytes. Forty-five cows were divided into three equal groups. Gr I consisting 15 cows served as healthy control, whereas, 30 cows (SCM), Gr II and Gr III, selected on the basis of California Mastitis Test (CMT) positive reaction. Gr II cows received 150 mg of Enrofloxacin, once a day for three days and Gr.III received sterile 5 ml PBS (pH 7.4) for 7days, both the treatment were given by intramammary route. The observation was made up to 30 days post-treatment (PT). The CMT of the healthy milk was negative (0), whereas, it ranged between 1 point score and 2 point score in SCM. The Somatic cell count (SCC) and Total bacterial count (TBC) decreased significantly (p<0.05) on day 3 PT in GrII cows in Enrofloxacin treated group, however, such changes were insignificant in PBS treated group. Traces of MPO and ACP enzyme were found in the healthy milk. The mean ACP level enhanced by 70% on day 3 PT in GrII and only 18.7% in Gr. III cows. The mean MPO level enhanced to 32% in Gr. II and 18 % in Gr. III cows on day 3 PT. Concomitant use of Enrofloxacin in SCM at sub optimal dose was found to reduce the bacterial load by increasing the bactericidal enzyme level in the milk polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) in bovine SCM, which indicates its immunomodulatory potential in mastitis.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 1973

A study on the active center of the acid protease from Penicillium sp. was conducted, and also the milk clotting activity of acid prorease was measured. 1. PCMB failed to influence the proteolytic activity of acid protease, indicating that a reactive sulfhydryl group is not required for the enzymatic activity. 2. $\varepsilon$-amino caproic acid did not show any inhibitory effect on tile proteolytic activity of acid protease. 3. Also 2, 4-dinitro phenol did not show any inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. 4. Acid protease from Penicillium sp. showed a strong milk clotting activity in the presence of Ca ion. 5. This enzyme had a strong proteolytic activity on various substrate, such as casein, denatured hemoglobin, ovalbumin, denatured bovine muscle protein, denatured percine muscle protein and denatured chicken muscle protein.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.596-601
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• 2002

The present study was designed to examine the effect of ozone treatment in microencapsulated ${\beta}$-galactosidase on inactivation of the enzyme and sterilization of microorganism. The efficiency was the highest as 78.4% when the ratio of polyglycerol monostearate (PGMS) was 15:1. Activities of lactase remaining outside the capsule were affected by ozone treatment. With the increase of ozone concentration and duration of ozone treatment, the activity reduced significantly. In sensory aspect, with 2% microcapsule addition, no significant difference in sweetness was found compared with a market milk during 12 d storage. Above result indicated that the additional washing process of lactase was not necessary to inactivate the residual enzyme. In a subsequent study, the vegetative cells of microorganisms were completely killed with 10 ppm for 10 min treatment by ozone. The present study provides evidence that ozone treatment can be used as an inactivation and a sterilization process. In addition, these results suggest that acceptable milk products containing lactase microcapsules made by PGMS can be prepared with ozone treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1560-1564
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• 2003

The study was carried out in Sahiwal, Holstein Friesian, Jersey and crossbred cattle to find out the effect of genotype of beta-lactoglobulin gene on milk production traits. The polymorphism at beta-lactoglobulin gene was identified by conducting PCRRFLP studies. A 398 bp fragment of the gene was amplified and digested with Hae III restriction enzyme. The two alleles A and B and three genotypes AA, AB and BB were identified in all cattle breeds. The frequency of B allele was comparatively higher than that of A allele. The AA genotype produced significantly higher milk yield in Sahiwal cattle whereas BB genotype yielded higher milk in Holstein friesian cattle. In other cattle breeds the genotypic effect was non-significant. In conclusion it may be stated that the genotype with significantly higher milk yield may be favoured in the farm along with other conventional selection criteria to enhance the milk production of animals.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.564-569
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• 2000

가공식품중의 우유단백질 분석을 위하여 효소면역측정법, ELISA를 개발하였다. 특이 항체를 생산하기 위해 열에 안정하고 우유의 주요한 단백질인 ${\alpha}_{s1}-CN$을 토끼에 면역하였다. 항${\alpha}_{s1}-CN$ 항체를 이용하여 간접경합 ELISA를 실시한 결과 검출한계는 $0.1\;{\mu}g/mL$ 이었고 ${\alpha}_{s1}-CN$, skim milk, ${\beta}-CN$과 whey protein isolate에 대한 특이항체의 반응성은 각각 100%, 37%, 0.14%과 0.04% 이었다. 그러나 다른 우유단백질인, ${\beta}-lactoglobulin,\;{\alpha}-lactalbumin$, bovine serum albumin 과 대두단백질인 isolated soy protein 에 대해서는 거의 반응성을 보이지 않았다. 샌드위치 ELISA 결과는 검출한계가 $0.01\;{\mu}g/mL$로 간접경합 ELISA 에 비하여 10배 정도 민감해져 따라서 이를 시료 분석에 이용하였다. 시유에 1-10%의 whole CN을 첨가한 spike test 결과 whole CN의 평균 회수율이 94.8%(CV, 8.2%)으로 나타났다. 식품재료와 유가공 제품에 대한 whole CN의 정량분석을 실시한 결과 탈지유는 29%, WPI는 0.03%, 농후 요구르트는 0.25%였으며 가공치즈는 6.9%로 나타났다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 1981

순수분리정제된 $\beta$-galactosidase의 분자량은 Sephadex G-200 gel filtration법에서 130,000이며 SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis에서 130,000외에 70,000이 확인되어 이 효소는 70,000인 2개의 subunit로 구성되어 있다고 판단되었다. 효소의 안정pH는 4.5~7.0이며 효소활성의 최적 pH는 4.7 최적온도는 5$0^{\circ}C$였다. 효소활성 및 안정제로 1가, 2가 금속ion을 필요로 하지않았으며 C $u^{++}$ 1mM에서 59%, galactose 100mM에서 48% 저해되었다. 5% lactose용액, 시유 및 10% skim milk 용액에 이 정제된 $\beta$-galactosidase 10units/$m\ell$를 사용하여 5$0^{\circ}C$에서 4시간 동안 반응시켰을 때 lactose가 각각 69.5%. 88.7% 및 72.6%가 glucose와galactose로 전환된 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.692-697
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• 2016

This study was aimed to develop a gruel using rice extrudates and to evaluate physicochemical properties of Tarakjuk (milk porridge; MP) prepared with milk (M) and rice powder (RP, control), rice extrudate (RE), or enzyme treated rice extrudates (ETR). Pasting property of ETR was significantly different from those of RP or RE with significantly low peak viscosity, breakdown and setback values in the ETR sample. Viscosity of MP prepared with ETR was also significantly low, as compared to that of control (> 900 cP). The total solids and spreadability of MP with ETR was higher than those with RP or RE. Hunter color values varied significantly depending on enzyme treatment levels in ETR samples with enzyme dose-dependent increase in b-value. Average starch digestibility of ETR sample was higher by 10.2% than that of control sample. DPPH radical scavenging activities of ETR samples were greater than those of RE or RP. These results indicated that ETR could be beneficial for preparing easy-drink and diet food with higher starch digestibility and fluidity, especially for gastric tube-fed patients.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.631-640
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• 2011

Milk oligosaccharides are the complex mixture of six monosaccharides namely, D-glucose, D-galactose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-galactosamine, L-fucose, and N-acetyl-neuraminic acid. The mixture is categorized as neutral and acidic classes. Previously, 25 oligosaccharides in bovine milk and 115 oligosaccharides in human milk have been characterized. Because human intestine lacks the enzyme to hydrolyze the oligosaccharide structures, these substances can reach the colon without degradation and are known to have many health beneficial functions. It has been shown that this fraction of carbohydrate can increase the bifidobacterial population in the intestine and colon, resulting in a significant reduction of pathogenic bacteria. The role of milk oligosaccharides as a barrier against pathogens binding to the cell surface has recently been demonstrated. Milk oligosaccharides have the potential to produce immuno-modulation effects. It is also well known that oligosaccharides in milk have a significant influence on intestinal mineral absorption and in the formation of the brain and central nervous system. Due to its structural resemblance, bovine milk is considered to be the most potential source of oligosaccharides to produce the same effect of oligosaccharides present in human milk. This review describes the characteristics and potential health benefits of milk oligosaccharides as well as the prospects of oligosaccharides in bovine milk for use in functional foods.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.762-768
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• 1988

우유의 지방분해 효소인 리파제를 분리 연구하기 위하여 홀몬처리 되지 않은 정상유와 홀몬 처리된 비정상유에서 리파제를 Heparin-Sepharose-CL-6B를 이용하여 분리 정제하였다. Heparin-Sepharose에 친화력을 조사한 결과 두 개의 효소활성이 있는 성분이 구분되었으며 한 성분은 Heparin-Sepharose-CL-6B에 결합되었고 다른 한 성분은 결합되지 않은 채 분리되었다. 친화성 크로마토그램에 결합되어 분리 정제된 리파제의 최적 온도, 최적 pH, 기질 특이성, 분자량 및 BSA의 활성제로서의 작용등 여러 가지 효소특성은 모두 동일한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 홀몬처리된 소에서 얻은 우유의 경우에는 또 다른 호소활성 성분이 나타나 있음을 알았다. 이 lipolytic activity가 있는 성분은 Heparin-Sepharose-CL-6B에 친화력을 보이지 않았으므로 정상적인 milk lipase와는 구별된다. 따라서 홀몬처리된 소에서 얻은 우유에 함유된 성분중 Heparin-Sepharose에 결합된 효소는 유지방 자동산화에 영향을 끼치지 않으며 Heparin-Sepharose에 결합되자 않은 활성이 있는 성분은 자동산패에 영향을 크게 미친다고 볼 수 있다. 그 이유는 hormone의 불균형 상태로 인하여 생유에 자동산패가 일어날 수 있으며 이것은 비정상적으로 분비된 리파제 출현 사이에 연관관계가 있음을 의미한다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.391-396
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• 1990

Changes in electric resistance was measured to carry out the kinetic analysis of milk gellation upon addition of rennet. Using pasteurized milk and commercial rennin, kinetic properties were investigated during milk gellation in terms of initial hydrolysis and coagulation steps. Specially designed reactor with two platinum electrodes was used throughout the experiments. As a function of either milk concentrations or reaction temperatures, gel time exhibited directly proportional relations: on the contrary, gel time was inversely pro-portional to enzyme concentration. Activation energies for enzymatic degradation and cogulation were 16.3, 4.6 and 34, 8.6 Kcal/mol, repectively. This simple analytical method proved to be very effective to characterize the mechanism of milk gellation. Moreover, unlike other methods, this method reguired simple apparatus and short time of analysis.