• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.839-845
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• 2003

우유 알레르기는 영유아에서 흔하고 중요한 질환이다. 유병률은 1-3% 정도 되고 이를 진단하기 위해 자세한 문진을 시행하여야 한다. 피부반응검사 및 특이 IgE 검사로 도움을 받을 수 있으며 확진을 위해서는 경구유발검사가 필요하다. 실제 우유 알레르기 환자로 진단하였으면 치료 지침에 따라 대응하여야 한다.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the actual state of the food allergy and food behavior in adults by using a questionnaire. The subjects of this study were consisted of 207 males and 355 females in Gyeongbuk area. The results are as follows: Among the respondents, 54.9% kept up with proper eating habits, 41.2% knew how much they would have to eat appropriately in a day, and women ate more milk and snacks than men in a day and men ate more meat than women. 58.3% of men and 46% of women were eating 3 meals a day. This finding indicated that women skipped the meal more than men. 77.2％ of the respondents skipped their breakfast, 13.5％ the lunch, and 9.3% the dinner. 48.5％ of men and 28.8% of women evacuated over 8 times a week(p<0.001). Eczema was the allergy symptom which broke out the most highly in both male and female; 25% of men and 29.9% of women. Atopic dermatitis and pollen allergy broke out similarly in both male and female. Allergic rhinitis occurred twice more in men than in women. Asthma broke out in men about three times more than in women. 36.3% of men and 46.5% of women visited a doctor when they had an allergic reaction. 40.9% of men and 40.7% of women believed that the allergy was caused mainly by the dust in the house and mites. The other factors, which caused the allergic reaction, were thought to be the specific food and the pollution from cars and factories by men and the specific food and others by women. 35.4% of men and 44.2% of women ate homemade food to prevent allergies.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.517-522
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate food allergens and prevalence rates of food allergies, followed by comparison of consumer attitudes and preferences regarding food allergy labeling by diagnosis of food allergies. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 543 individuals living in Seoul and Gyeonggi area participated in the survey from October 15 to 22 in 2013. RESULTS: The results show that the prevalence of doctor-diagnosed food allergies was 17.5%, whereas 6.4% of respondents self-reported food allergies. The most common allergens of doctor-diagnosed and self-reported food allergy respondents were peaches (30.3%) and eggs (33.3%), respectively, followed by peanuts, cow's milk, and crab. Regarding consumer attitudes toward food labeling, checking food allergens as an item was only significantly different between allergic and non-allergic respondents among all five items (P < 0.001). All respondents reported that all six items (bold font, font color, box frame, warning statement, front label, and addition of potential allergens) were necessary for an improved food allergen labeling system. PLSR analysis determined that the doctor-diagnosed group and checking of food allergens were positively correlated, whereas the non-allergy group was more concerned with checking product brands. CONCLUSIONS: An effective food labeling system is very important for health protection of allergic consumers. Additionally, government agencies must develop policies regarding prevalence of food allergies in Korea. Based on this information, the food industry and government agencies should provide clear and accurate food labeling practices for consumers.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 2006

Rice allergen has low antigenicity, and thus, anaphylactoid reactions to rice are exceedingly rare. We experienced a case of isolated rice allergy in a 5 month-old girl who had been fed a milk formula without incident. However, after feeding a powdered weaning milk formula containing rice, she developed symptoms of projectile vomiting and diarrhea, at this time rice specific antigen tests were all negative. One month later a challenge test was performed using a rice gruel, and her symptoms recurred. Endoscopic and microscopic findings showed hyperemic mucosa in the duodenum and subtotal villous atrophy. Thereafter, she showed no adverse reaction to almost all foods appropriate for her age, but after feeding rice gruel at 10 months, she developed symptoms of cyanosis and vomiting. However, none of the allergic symptoms were demonstrated at 13 months upon repeated challenge test. Currently, she is 28 months old and tolerates all foods including rice.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.264-270
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• 2005

Breastfeeding has been known as the best feeding practice to prevent allergies including atopic dermatitis (AD) However, the benefit on the prevention of allergic disease is still controversial. The objectives of this study were to examine the rate of sensitization to the protein of eggs, cow's milk and soy in exclusively breastfed infants and to evaluate antigen-antibody reaction between breast milk and serum of AD infant. Data on feeding and food hypersensitivity were obtained for 62 AD infants (32 male, 30 female) aged < 6 month who had visited Samsung Medical Center from September 2001 to May 2003. Food hypersensitivity was determined by measuring specific IgE to egg, cow's milk and soy. Specific IgE levels > 0.7 kU/L by CAP assay (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden) were considered positive. The rates of sensitization in breastfed infants were $41.9\%$ (26/62) to egg, $30.6\%$ (19/62) to milk and $18.0\%$ (11/62) to soy. Immunoblotting analyses were performed using breast milk with the matched serum of seven AD infants (4 male/3 female). Binding patterns of AD infant's IgE to breast milk extract showed visible specific band for immunoglobulin, especially in case of a lactating mother who did not completely restricted ingestion of egg, milk and soy. These results indicate that sensitization to food allergen develops via breast milk feeding. Breast milk feeding should be recommended in infants at risk of developing allergic disease, but maternal intake of highly allergenic food might be restricted for prevention and treatment of food allergy among the babies with AD.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.263-275
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• 2022

Purpose: The present international survey among healthcare providers aimed to collect data on theoretical knowledge and clinical practices in the diagnosis and management of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) and lactose intolerance (LI) in infants. Methods: A global survey was conducted in several countries with diverse health care settings. The survey consisted of multiple-choice questions in 3 main domains: (1) understanding and clinical practices around CMPA and LI; (2) case scenarios; and (3) disease-specific knowledge and potential educational needs. Results: Responses were available from 1,663 participants. About 62% of respondents were general practitioners or general pediatricians, and the remainder were pediatric allergists/gastroenterologists (18%) or other health practitioners (20%). The survey identified knowledge gaps regarding the types of CMPA (IgE-mediated vs. non-IgE-mediated) and the clinical overlap with LI. The survey suggested diverse clinical practices regarding the use of hypoallergenic formulas, as well as misconceptions about the prebiotic benefits of lactose in extensively hydrolyzed formulas in non-breastfed infants with CMPA. Responses to the two case scenarios highlighted varying levels of awareness of the relevant clinical practice guidelines. While respondents generally felt confident in managing infants with CMPA and LI, about 80% expressed an interest for further training in this area. Conclusion: The current survey identified some knowledge gaps and regional differences in the management of infants with CMPA or LI. Local educational activities among general and pediatric healthcare providers may increase the awareness of clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of both conditions and help improve clinical outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.123-135
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• 2015

In order to examine allergic disease experience rates of students at atopy and asthma friendly elementary schools located in Chungcheongnam-do and investigate their dietary behaviors, a survey on 250 parents of first to third grade students at four rural-type atopy and asthma friendly elementary schools was conducted. The number of students who had experienced allergic symptoms (allergic group) was 102 (40.8%). their breastfeeding duration was shorter than that of the non-allergic group (p<.001) and the former's weaning foods-feeding had started earlier than the latter's (p<.01). Regarding the eating habits, the non-allergic group was found to have breakfast and dinner better than the allergic group (p<.001). The number of students eating fruits as snacks was largest in the allergic group at 73 (71.6%), and as for the non-allergic group, their rate of eating fruits, milk and dairy products, and cookies and fries was at 25.7%, 22.3%, and 20.3%, respectively. A high percentage of the allergic group ate three times or less per month the animal food groups and dairy products (p<.001). Accordingly, for improvement in dietary behaviors of students who have allergy against food, nutrition education on regular eating, balanced intake of food, adequate intake of snacks and meals for proper growth and development and precise diagnosis of allergy-triggering food are necessary. In particular, as education on food allergy, implementation of practical education such as appropriate nutrition counseling by nutrition teachers is urgent beyond the one-way educational method of school newsletters.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.521-531
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• 2016

This study was conducted to measure the prevalence of food allergies among kindergarten and elementary school children and their parents' perceptions of the Food Allergen Labeling System in school food service (FALSSFS). The surveys were conducted by the parents of children in Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. According to the results, the prevalence of food allergies among the children was 21.9% (current group 8.1% and experienced group 13.8%). The features of the food allergy of the children were as follows : The onset time of allergy was at 1-2 years for 59 children (40.7%), at 3-4 years for 41 children (28.3%), and the main symptoms of allergy were 'rash and skin hives' (47.1%) and 'itching' (30.2%). In terms of the family history, the prevalence of allergies among the mothers was the highest with a value of 31.9%. The allergenic foods were egg (14.7%), pork (11.6%), and milk (8.9%) in the order. Most of the parents had a low perception of the FALSSFS. 26.2% of the parents requested preventive education related to food allergies at school, making this the most requested item, followed by "helping students understand students with food allergies" with a value of 20.2%. The benefit of the FALSSFS was to increase the safety of school food and promote the emotional health of children with allergies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 1996

This study was designed to investigate clinical features, allergy-inducing substances as well as foods, and nutritional behavior of allergic patients. Sixty-eight adult male and 78 adult female patients were surveyed by using the self-developed questionnairs. The results were as follows: 1. The common target organs of allergic symptoms included bronchus, skin and nose. 2. 37.7% of the subjects did not recognize their allergy inducing substances. Among the known substances, house-dust mite, food, temperature and weather change, pollens, smoke, air pollution materials, drugs and even stress provoked symptoms. 3. As for the food allergy, a number of foods were found to be implicated in allergic reactions. These foods included pork, chicken, seafoods such as mackerel, crab & shrimp, milk, egg, peanut, apple and pupa. Symptoms and signs of food reactions included urticaria, asthma, and rhinitis. 4. The nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) of energy was below 0.75 for male patients and about 0.80 for female patients. And 24.0% of the subjects were regarded as excellent, 31.5% as fair, and 44.5% as poor in food related behavior evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to determined the rate of sensitization to food allergen in children with Atopic Dermatitis (AD) in Korea. A total of 3,783 patients (male = 1983, female = 1800) with AD (age under 18 years) who had visited Samsung Medical Center from 1998 to 2003 were enrolled in the study. Food hypersensitivity was measured by specific IgE to egg, cow's milk, soy, peanut, wheat, buckwheat, beef, pork, chicken, shrimp, crab, salmon, mackerel, etc. Specific IgE levels > 0.7 kU/L. by Captured Allergen Product (CAP) assay were considered positive. Chi-square test at p value < 0.05 was used to examine the difference of the prevalence by sex and age. The rate of sensitization to multiple food allergens was 31.2% and decreased with age. Hypersensitivity to egg showed highest prevalence, which was 24.3%, compared to the prevalence of other foods. High prevalence of hypersensitivity to milk. wheat, soy, peanut, crab or shrimp was observed (11.6- 17.7%). Low prevalence of hypersensitivity to beef, pork, tuna or chicken was observed (1.9-3.5%). Children aged under 3 years had significantly higher prevalence of hypersensitivity to egg, milk, soy and beef than children aged at least 3 years. Our results stress the need for examination of food hypersensitivity aimed at identified and limited each food allergen among children with AD caused by food to help patients outgrow their food allergy.