• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.298-307
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• 2022

Glossectomy combined with radiotherapy causes different levels of tongue function disorders and leads to severe malocclusion, with poor periodontal status in cancer survivors. Although affected patients require regular access to orthodontic care, special considerations are crucial for treatment planning. This case report describes the satisfactory orthodontic management for the correction of severe dental crowding in a 43-year-old female 6 years after treatment for tongue cancer with total glossectomy combined with radiotherapy, to envision the possibility of orthodontic care for oral cancer survivors. Extraction was performed to correct dental crowding and establish proper occlusion following alignment, after considering the possibility of osteoradionecrosis. Orthodontic mini-implants were used to provide skeletal anchorage required for closure of the extraction space and intrusion of the anterior teeth. The dental crowding was corrected, and Class I occlusal relationship was established after 36 months of treatment. The treatment outcome was sustained after 15 months of retention, and long-term follow-up was recommended.

• CRM연구
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.43-68
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• 2010

One of the recent research trends that universities are increasingly adopting the concept of 'customer' and the customer-oriented strategy has urged us to research enterprise-wide CRM strategy adaptable to university administration. As the first step of CRM strategy for university management, we try to validate the difference of CRM strategic factors among university types. Drawing upon both CRM process and customer equity drivers, which have been recognized as core frameworks for CRM strategy, we developed those survey instruments adoptable into university industry, and validated statistically-significant difference among 12 types of university group constructed by the levels of university evaluation and the location of the universities. We collected 261 responses from 177 universities from all over the country and analyzed the data to see the levels of CRM processes consisting of customer acquisition, retention, and expansion, and customer equity drivers consisting of value equity, brand equity, and relationship equity by using multivariate ANOVA(MANOVA). The result confirms the explicit differences of the levels of CRM processes and customer equity drivers between the groups by university evaluation levels(high/middle/low). However, the analysis failed to show the significant differences of those between the group by university locations(the capital/the suburbs/the six megalopolises/other countries). More specifically, the level of activities for customer acquisition and retention of the universities in the higher-graded group are significantly different from those in the lower-graded group from the perspective of CRM process. In terms of customer equity drivers, the levels of both brand equity and relationship equity of the higher-graded group are significantly higher than those of both middle and lower-graded group. In addition, we found that the value equity between the higher and lower-graded groups, and the brand equity between the middle and lower-graded groups are different each other. This study provides an important meaning in that we tried to consider CRM strategy which has been mainly addressed in profit-making industries in terms of non-profit organization context. Our endeavors to develop and validate empirical measurements adoptable to university context could be an academic contribution. In terms of practical meaning, the processes and results of this study might be a guideline to many universities to build their own CRM strategies. According to the research results, those insights could be expressed in several messages. First, we propose to universities that they should plan their own differentiated CRM strategies according to their positions in terms of university evaluation. For example, although it is acceptable that a university in lower-level group might follow the CRM process strategy of the middle-level group universities, it is not a good idea to imitate the customer acquisition and retention activities of the higher-level group universities. Moreover, since this study reported that the level of universities' brand equity is just correlated with the level of university evaluation, it might be pointless for the middle or lower-leveled universities if they just copy their brand equity strategies from those of higher-leveled ones even though such activities are seemingly attractive. Meanwhile, the difference of CRM strategy by university position might provide universities with the direction where they should go for their CRM strategies. For instance, our study implies that the lower-positioned universities should improve all of the customer equity drivers with concerted efforts because their value, brand, and relationship equities are inferior compared with the higher and middle-positioned universities' ones. This also means that they should focus on customer acquisition and expansion initiatives rather than those for customer retention because all of the customer equity drivers could be influenced by the two kinds of CRM processes (KIm and Lee, 2010). Surely specific and detailed action plans for enhancing customer equity drivers should be developed after grasping their customer migration patterns illustrated by the rates of acquisition, retention, upgrade, downgrade, and defection for each customer segment.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.447-451
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• 2007

We investigated the dependence of the various annealing conditions and thickness ($6\sim45nm$) of the Ti-doped $Al_2O_3$ coating on the electrochemical properties and the capacity fading of Ti-doped $Al_2O_3$ coated $LiCoO_2$ films. The Ti-doped-$Al_2O_3$-coating layer and the cathode films were deposited on $Al_2O_3$ plate substrates by RF-magnetron sputter. Microstructural and electrochemical properties of Ti-doped-$Al_2O_3$-coated $LiCoO_2$ films were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a dc four-point probe method, respectively. The cycling performance of Ti-doped $Al_2O_3$ coated $LiCoO_2$ film was improved at higher cut-off voltage. But it has different electrochemical properties with various annealing conditions. They were related on the microstructure, surface morphology and the interface condition. Suppression of Li-ion migration is dominant at the coating thickness >24.nm during charge/discharge processes. It is due to the electrochemically passive nature of the Ti-doped $Al_2O_3$ films. The sample be made up of Ti-doped $Al_2O_3$ coated on annealed $LiCoO_2$ film with additional annealing at $400^{\circ}C$ had good adhesion between coating layer and cathode films. This sample showed the best capacity retention of $\sim92%$ with a charge cut off of 4.5 V after 50 cycles. The Ti-doped $Al_2O_3$ film was an amorphous phase and it has a higher electrical conductivity than that of the $Al_2O_3$ film. Therefore, the Ti-doped $Al_2O_3$ coated improved the cycle performance and the capacity retention at high voltage (4.5 V) of $LiCoO_2$ films.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.26 no.2 s.55
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• pp.153-162
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• 1996

Rapid maxillary expansion is widely used for the correction of anteroposterior discrepancies, constriction of the maxillary arch, etc. This experiment was undertaken to examine the serial changes in the osteogenesis as well as the collagen fiber bundles in the intermaxillary suture during the rapid maxillary expansion treatment. Four young female dogs aged 6 to 8 months old and not showing menarche yet were used for the experiment. The maxillary impression of dogs were taken, expansion device cast and Hyrax screw soldered at the midline in the 1st premolar area. RME device was delivered to the dogs and the activation of 0.25 mm per quarter-turn was done 2 times per day for 10 days until 5 mm separation was made. Separation of the maxilla was confirmed by X-ray. The animals were sacrificed on 0, 15, 30, 60 days from the finish of maxillary separation and preparations for light microscopy and surface electron microscopy were made. The sutures were cut into frontal serial sections for examination of the histological reactions. The following results were obtained and the conclusions made. 1. The edges of the two palatal plates bordering the midpalatal suture which at the beginning of the retention period were mainly composed of compact bone, underwent extensive resorption followed by new bone formation and gradually became spongy bone rich in bone marrow which in the 60 day retention animal became the compact bone with short intermaxillary suture space. During this transformation, newly formed trabecular bone tissues were added to the original margin. 2. Throughout the expansion period, the collagen fibers underwent successive changes such as stretching, loss of polarity, and finally fibrillogenesis. Towards the end of the expansion procedure, sharpey's fiber formation in newly formed bones were observed. 3. Bony spicules were found in the initial stage of retention on occlusal topographic X-rays, which later were confirmed to have ossified. 4. Judging from the histological changes occuring during the experimental expansion, excessive expansion will cause an excessive bleeding, and retard the remodeling of intermaxillary suture. According to the above results, the bone remodeling after rapid maxillary expansion was preceded by the migration of migratory cells into the intermaxillary suture area. The bone remodeling phenomena were on-going during the 2 months retention sample.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.261-273
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• 1991

This study was undertaken to document and better defined this condition to help clarify this clinical and radiographical appearances by the analysis of clinical and radiographical features of fibro-osseous lesions in the jaws. A study was made of a series of 128 cases with fibro-osseous lesions. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Fibrous dysplasia of the jaws occurred with equal predilection for males and females. But the females occurred in 68% of cemento-ossifying fibroma and 75% of periapical cemental dysplasia. 2. 43% of fibrous dysplasia and 32% of cemento-ossifying fibroma occurred in the 2nd decades and 33% of periapical cemental dysplasia in 5th decades. 3. 62% of fibrous dysplasia occurred in the maxilla, 73% of cemento-ossifying fibroma in mandible, 90% of periapical cemental dysplasia in mandible. 4. 98% of fibrous dysplasia occurred in premolar-molar region, 77% of cemento-ossifying fibroma in molar region, 68% of periapical cemental dysplasia in incisor region. 5. In serial radiographic features, mature stage were 55% of fibrous dysplasia, 45% of cemento-ossifying fibroma, 59% of periapical cemental dysplasia. 6. 87% of fibrous dysplasia had monostotic lesion, 67% of periapical cemental dysplasia had multiple lesions. 7. In fibrous dysplasia and cemento-ossifying fibroma, migration of tooth occurred in 61.7% and 36.4%, retention of tooth occurred in 4.3% and 9.1%, loss of lamina dura occurred in 6.4% and 9.1%, and root resorption had not occurred in fibrous dysplasia, but occurred in 18% of cemento-ossifying fibroma, displacement of mandibular canal occurred in 14.9% and 31.8%.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.58-63
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• 1984

Paper electrophoretic separation of octahedrally bonded (Ruc $l_{6}$ )$^{3-}$ has been carried out by using the specially designed migration apparatus. The supporting electrolyte solutions are as follows: 0.1M-HCl $O_4$, 0.05 M-HCl+0.09M-KCl, 0.1M-HCl, 5$\times$10$^{-3}$ M-NTA, 0.01M-HCl, 0.01M-HCl $O_4$, 0.01M-citric acid, 0.01M-K $H_2$P $O_4$+0.01M-N $a_2$HP $O_4$, 0.05M-borax, 0.025M-N $a_2$C $O_3$+0.025M-NaHC $O_3$, 0.01M-N $a_3$P $O_4$, 0.01M-NaOH and 0.1 M-NaOH. The (Ruc $l_{6}$ )$^{3-}$ appears in 2 to 4 peaks and is found in several chemical species such as (RuCl ($H_2O$)$_{5}$ )$^{2+}$, cis and trans (RuC $l_2$($H_2O$)$_4$)$^{1+}$, (RuC $l_3$($H_2O$)$_3$)$^{0}$ , (RuC $l_4$($H_2O$)$_2$)$^{1-}$, (RuC $l_{5}$ ($H_2O$))$^{2-}$ and (RuC $l_{6}$ )$^{3-}$. The retention value has been found to be highest in the 0.025M-N $a_2$C $O_3$+0.025M-NaHC $O_3$ electrolyte solution.n.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 2010

In order to understand the effects of a single or combined treatments of 1-MCP($1{\mu}L/L$) and $CO_2$(100%) on the firmness of melting type peach fruit(cv. Chunjungdo), fruit were harvested at commercial maturity and examined physiological changes including flesh firmness during 10 days of shelf-life. Firmness loss of fruit was delayed by both single and combined treatments of 1-MCP and $CO_2$. The treatment of 1-MCP was more effective than $CO_2$ treatment but no additive effective on firmness retention was found in the combined treatment. The upsurge of ethylene evolution occurred 5 days of shelf-life in air treated control but ethylene evolution gradually increased in fruit treated by 1-MCP and 1-MCP+$CO_2$. The suppression of ethylene evolution seemed stronger in $CO_2$ treatment. The respiration of fruit significantly inhibited up to 10 days except control where climacteric increase of respiration was found at 10 days of shelf-life. A molecular shift of pectic polymers(an increase of chelator soluble pectins and decrease of water soluble pectins) was induced by both 1-MCP and $CO_2$ treatments. An increase of water soluble pectins was coincident with firmness loss. The delay of firmness loss seemed to be associated with the migration of calcium to wall matrix, especially pectins, resulting in the increase of wall bound calcium. The polygalacturonase activity was significantly reduced by 1-MCP alone 1 day after treatment and increased to similar level of activity 5 days after treatment compared to other treatment except air treated control whereas pectin methylesterase activity seemed not to be affected by both 1-MCP and $CO_2$ treatments. Thus, the molecular shift of pectic polymers appeared not to be related with pectin methylesterase. Further study is required to clarify the softening mechanism associated with molecular shift of pectic polymers and the inter- or intra-cellular movement of calcium ions induced by postharvest treatments of 1-MCP and $CO_2$.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2004

Vertical distributions of $^{137}Cs\;and\;^{90}Sr$ activities are studied for the soils of six areas, Korea (Gori, Yeonggwang, Uljin, Weolseong, Goseong and Jeju). The soils from 6 areas are at geographically different locations with the different environmental conditions and parent rook. The activities of $^{137}Cs\;and\;^{90}Sr$ vary N.D.(below detection limit) to 185 Bq/kg and 2.79 - 8.06 Bq/kg, respectively. Activities of $^{137}Cs\;and\;^{90}Sr$ show the highest value at the surface soil and decrease with depth. $^{137}Cs$ activities at the top surface soils are positively correlated with annual precipitation and organic carbon content with little relationship with mean grain size and the clay content. The highest $^{137}Cs$activities are found at the Jeju site, followed by the Goseong site of which soils have much different parent rock and textural properties. Though the activities of $^{137}Cs\;and\;^{90}Sr$ on the basis of dry weight are higher in Jeju soils than in Goseong soils, their inventories are similar in both soils due to their textural differences.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.48-60
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• 2021

Patients who have extruded anterior teeth and deep bite with pathologic tooth migration, it is necessary not only periodontal treatment for reduce inflammation, but also orthodontic treatment for intrusion of anterior teeth. However, it is difficult to place the orthodontic brackets due to the deep bite, and there is a problem that the extrusion of the posterior teeth occurs more easily than the intrusion of the anterior teeth biomechanically. In particular, in patients with long face, relative intrusion of the anterior teeth by extrusion of the posterior teeth causes the clockwise rotation of the mandible and makes the facial profile worse. Therefore the biomechanical consideration and appliance design that can block these problems are required from the treatment plan. This is a patient who had a deep overbite with extruded anterior teeth, treated by periodontal treatment and intrusion of mandibular anterior teeth using cute brackes and miniscrews, and resulted in favorable maintenance during 8-year retention.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.104-126
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• 2024

Buffer and backfill play an essential role in isolating high-level radioactive waste and retard the migration of leaked radionuclides in deep geological disposal system. A bentonite mixture, which exhibits a swelling property, is considered for buffer and backfill materials, and excessive groundwater inflow from surrounding rock mass may affect stability and efficiency of their role as an engineered barrier. Therefore, stringent quality control as well as in-situ installation management and inflow water constrol for buffer and backfill are required to ensure the safety of deep disposal facilities. In this study, we analyzed the design requirements of buffer and backfill by examining various laboratory tests and a field study of the Steel Tunnel Test at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory in Sweden. We introduced how to control the quality of buffer and backfill construction in-field, and also presented how to handle excessive groundwater inflow into disposal caverns, validating the groundwater retention capacity of bentonite pellets and the effectiveness of geotexile use.